ChemPlusChem
·
2026
·Vol. 91
·期 2
·e202500675
·
IF 3.1
Kenan Dang,Haiyang Cheng
Selective reduction of nitroaromatics containing reducible groups is of great significance and has attracted the attention in chemical synthesis. Here, a low-cost and easy to operate H 2 O/CO 2 acidic system combined with non-precious metal iron powder was used to prepare amino aromatics without affecting double or triple bond. Under optimized conditions (1 MPa CO 2 , 60°C, 2.5 h), the selectivity of 3-aminostyrene reached 99.4% at 99.2% conversion of 3-nitrostyrene. For the reduction of 4-nitrophenylacetylene (4-NPA) to 4-aminophenylacetylene (4-APA), the conversion of 4-NPA reached 99.5%, and the selectivity to 4-APA could reach 90.5% with 0.2 MPa CO 2 at 60°C in 8 h. The Fe/H 2 O/CO 2 system is also effective for the one-pot transformation including the reduction and hydration of 4-NPA to 4-aminoacetophenone with a high conversion (95.4%) and selectivity (97.7%). After the reaction is completed, the acidic system will self-neutralize by the release of CO 2 . The non-precious metal-acidic system is green, low-cost, and high selective for the reduction of nitroaromatics without affecting the easy reducible groups and the hydration of alkyne group. Graphical A low-cost and easy to operate H 2 O/CO 2 acidic system combined with non-precious metal iron powder was used to prepare amino aromatics without affecting vinyl or alkyne groups. The Fe/H 2 O/CO 2 system is also effective for the one-pot reduction and hydration of nitrophenylacetylene to 4-aminoacetophenone with a high conversion (95.4%) and selectivity (97.7%).
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.6
Xuechao Liu,Chunyan Shi,Jiashuai Wang,Bingbing Fan,Mao Chen,Hailong Wang,Binbin Wang,Wei Li,Yongqiang Chen
There has been an increasing demand for cutting tools with excellent strength, and high wear resistance due to the gradual application of high hardness materials such as high-temperature alloys and surface thermal spray coatings. This study proposes a new design of binder for polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) composites. The effects of Al-ZrB 2 -TiC binders on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and thermal shock resistance of the PcBN composites were systematically studied. Al melting at its relatively low temperature, which enables liquid-phase sintering, enhances grain bonding, and stimulates chemical interactions among the binder constituents. These reactions lead to the formation of new phases and promote strong grain bonding, resulting in good mechanical properties. In addition, increasing sintering temperature and cBN content are found to significantly improve the mechanical properties of PcBN composites. The PcBN composites exhibit excellent bending strength of 986.55 MPa, hardness of 42.09 GPa, relative density of 97.6 %, and fracture toughness of 7.66 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. After exposure to air at 1000 °C for 30 min followed by water quenching, the residual flexural strength remained as high as 866.89 MPa, indicating good thermal shock resistance.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 12.1
Defu Cao,Xiao Zhang,Shiwei Xu,Zhaoxiang Wang,Byoungwoo Kang,Jizhou Li,Yejing Li,Hao Zhang,Li-Zhen Fan,Xuefeng Wang
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with silicon (Si) anodes offer great potential for high energy density and safety. Although long cycling life can be obtained at a low current density, the fast-charging capability of Si anode is hindered by the short circuit, which reason is unclear. Herein, the kinetic limit leading to the short circuit is probed and identified to be the slow charge transfer rather than the Li + transport in Si anode bulk. The addition of excess conductive carbon can increase the Si anode's electronic conductivity and thus enhance the ASSBs’ rate performance but at the expense of reducing the energy density. To resolve this, a micro-size Li-Al alloy is proposed to replace the conductive carbon and construct an all-electrochemical-active Si anode, which demonstrates several merits such as increasing the reaction kinetics (up to 8.1 mA cm ‒2 ), providing extra capacity, and enhancing mechanical stability during cycling. As a result, the Si||NCM811 ASSBs (N/p = 1.2) achieve a high initial coulombic efficiency of 89.3%, high area capacity of 6.7 mAh cm ‒2 , and stable cycling over 850 cycles with capacity retention of 80.5% at 1C. This work figures out the underlying kinetic reason for the Li dendrites growth and guides to achieving high-performance ASSBs.
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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Cai Taotao,Zhang Ying,Zheng Shili,Zhang Yi
The detailed reaction pathway for the aluminothermic reduction of TiO 2 has remained elusive due to its characteristically ultra-fast, combustion-like nature. This study systematically elucidates the reaction pathway of the CaO- and CaCl 2 -assisted aluminothermic reduction of TiO 2 for the precise fabrication of Ti 2 O, employing TG-DSC, high-temperature in-situ XRD, and SEM-EDS. The process involves multiple titanium-bearing intermediates, such as Ti 2 O 3 , TiO, CaTiO 3 , CaTi 2 O 4 , and TiAl 3 . The transient formation of TiAl 3 during the initial rapid-reaction stage deviates from the thermodynamically predicted pathway, attributed to localized over-reduction caused by non-uniform Al distribution and intense exothermic heat. The overall process evolves through three distinct temperature-dependent stages (< 660 °C, 660 °C to 772 °C, > 772 °C). The synergistic roles of CaO and CaCl 2 are essential. CaO acts as a thermodynamic coupling agent to enhance the driving force, while CaCl 2 serves as a kinetic accelerator to facilitate mass transfer, collectively enabling the precise fabrication of Ti 2 O.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Xianchun Jin,Huali Yu,Qixiang Tang,Liang Shao,Wenxing Xu,Lili Xing,Xinyu Xue
Development of a droplet-driven self-powered electronic skin for robotic hand disinfection. • Integration of energy harvesting, antibacterial activity, and tactile sensing within a flexible platform. • Synergistic ROS generation and localized electric-field enhancement enable rapid bacterial inactivation. • Achieves >99.999% inactivation of E. coli and S. aureus without external power input. • Provides a multifunctional strategy for biosafe robotics and intelligent human–machine interfaces. Surface contamination on robotic hands and electronic skin poses a growing biosafety concern in medical care, laboratory operation, food processing, and human-machine interaction. Conventional disinfection strategies, such as chemical disinfectants, ultraviolet irradiation, and antibacterial coatings, often require external energy input, cause chemical residues, or show limited compatibility with flexible robotic surfaces. Therefore, developing a self-powered, on-demand, and in situ disinfection strategy for robotic electronic skin is highly desirable. Here, a droplet-driven self-powered antibacterial electronic skin based on an Al-FEP-PPyNW-PM (an Al needle electrode-integrated superhydrophobic FEP-PPy nanowire-PDMS@MXene multilayer film) is proposed. Water droplets naturally impact the multilayer film, converting droplet kinetic energy into electricity and triggering antibacterial reactions on robotic hands. The superhydrophobic FEP layer promotes rapid droplet contact–separation and enhances interfacial charge generation. The Al needle electrode supports charge collection and electron transfer. The PDMS@MXene substrate provides a flexible conductive network and piezoresistive sensing capability. The PPy nanowire tips amplify the localized electric field near bacteria. Droplet-induced electron transfer activates dissolved oxygen and produces reactive antibacterial species, including hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide radicals. These species synergize with localized electric-field-induced membrane disruption to achieve rapid bacterial inactivation. The system exhibits stable electrical output under repeated droplet impact and shows efficient antibacterial performance against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Meanwhile, the PDMS@MXene@PPy composite demonstrates reliable piezoresistive sensing, enabling the film to function as an integrated electronic skin. Overall, this work integrates droplet energy harvesting, ROS-mediated disinfection, localized electric-field enhancement, and pressure sensing into a multifunctional robotic interface, offering a promising strategy for self-disinfecting robotic hands without external power or chemical disinfectants. Download: Download high-res image (163KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2026
·Vol. 46
·期 11
·118318
·
IF 6.3
Zetan Liu,Hailong Liang,Hua Wang,Hailin Liu,Yufeng Chen,Yanli Huo,Xiaoqing Xi,Ji Zhou
Dense Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 SiC 2 ceramics were fabricated via confined pulsed current sintering using their respective powders synthesized by molten salt method. The densification kinetics, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Results indicated that Ti 3 AlC 2 exhibited lower thermal stability, being susceptible to decomposition and Al exudation, whereas Ti 3 SiC 2 remained highly stable. Densification was primarily governed by diffusion creep and grain boundary sliding, yielding apparent activation energies of 148 and 200 kJ·mol 1 for Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 SiC 2 , respectively. Subsequent grain growth was controlled by mixed grain boundary and lattice diffusion, with respective activation energies of 52–63 and 124–139 kJ·mol 1 . These significantly higher activation energies in Ti 3 SiC 2 fundamentally reflected its rigid Ti-Si covalent-like bonds compared to the weaker Ti-Al metallic bonds. Dictated by this intrinsic bonding difference, the Ti 3 SiC 2 ceramics achieved a higher maximum flexural strength of 740 MPa and predominantly failed via intergranular fracture, whereas Ti 3 AlC 2 reached 573 MPa and primarily exhibited transgranular cleavage.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Ya-Qi Zhao,Ying Wang,You-Jin Zheng,Li-Zhi Peng,Li-Juan Wang,Fang-Biao Wang
The mechanical properties of titanium carbide (TiC) ceramics are limited by poor densification during sintering and their intrinsic brittleness. In this study, 5 wt% Al was introduced as a sintering aid, and 10 wt% cubic boron nitride (cBN) was added to fabricate TiC-based ceramic composites via high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) sintering. The microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The composites sintered at 4 GPa and 1400 ℃ exhibited optimal properties, with a Vickers hardness of 37.43 GPa and a fracture toughness of 11.41 MPa·m 1/2 , representing increases of 69% and 132% compared with monolithic TiC, respectively. Microstructural analysis shows that Al promotes densification by enhancing interparticle bonding, while cBN participates in interfacial reactions under HPHT conditions, leading to formation of rod-like TiB 2 phases distributed along grain boundaries. The results demonstrate that the synergistic effect of Al-assisted densification and cBN-induced TiB 2 formation governs the microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of TiC-based ceramic composites, providing a feasible strategy for designing high-performance TiC-based ceramic.
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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.3
Yu Wanquan,Zhang Run,Wang Yujian,Liu Mengxia,Su Jichang,Lv Xuewei,Dang Jie
The high cost of conventional titanium feedstocks has severely constrained the industrial application of Ti–Al-based MAX-phase composites. This work presents a clean, cost-effective pathway for synthesizing Ti 4 Al(C, N) 3 /Al 2 O 3 composites directly from natural ilmenite concentrate. The synthesis encompasses two sequential stages: (i) the reduction and carbonitridation of pre-oxidized ilmenite in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere to yield a Ti(C, N, O) precursor, and (ii) pressureless sintering of the precursor with Al and Ti powders, followed by acid leaching to remove intermetallic byproducts. Through systematic parametric optimization, the precursor synthesis was established at 1150 °C for 70 min in a 4 vol pct CH 4 –80 vol pct H 2 –16 vol pct N 2 atmosphere, achieving a carbonitridation ratio exceeding 90 pct while suppressing detrimental carbon deposition. Subsequent pressureless sintering at 1500 °C for 4 h with a molar ratio of 2.2Ti(C, N, O):2Al:1Ti yielded the target composite. Mechanistic investigation, combining experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, reveals that the Al 3 Ti intermediate phase plays a dual critical role: it promotes deep deoxygenation of Ti(C, N, O) with in situ formation of Al 2 O 3 reinforcements, while simultaneously healing N vacancies in the MAX-phase lattice. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) confirmed that the synthesized Ti 4 Al(C, N) 3 solid solution possesses a pristine hexagonal structure identical to that of phase-pure Ti 4 AlN 3 , with no observable lattice distortion or extended defects. This work presents a novel strategy for the economical and sustainable synthesis of high-performance Ti 4 Al(C, N) 3 /Al 2 O 3 composites.
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Communications Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 6
·期 1
·1-8
·
IF 9.6
Lin Qicai,Jin Junjie,Jiang Yongkang,Sheng Guan,Schwingenschlögl Udo,Wu Junwei,Tu Shaobo,Liu Xingjun,Zhang Xixiang
Al-ion batteries (AIBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage technology due to their high theoretical capacity, cost-effectiveness, and superior safety. However, the lack of stable and efficient cathode materials capable of reversible Al-complex ion (e.g., [AlCl 4 ] − ) insertion/extraction remains a critical challenge. In this work, we developed TiNbCT x MXene as a high-performance cathode material for AIBs, achieving remarkable capacity and cycling stability. Unlike symmetric-structured Ti 2 CT x , the TiNbCT x cathode leverages synergistic Ti–Nb bimetallic effects to enhance the electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity. Here we show, TiNbCT x delivers a high reversible capacity of 194 mAh·g −1 at 0.2 A·g −1 with 800-cycle stability. Through combined experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we elucidate the kinetic mechanisms of energy storage, offering fundamental insights for the rational design of advanced cathode materials in AIBs.
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ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
·
2022
·Vol. 25
·期 9
·2201444
·
IF 4.122
Peng-Shuai Bin,Wen-Hao Geng,Tao Wang,Qiangxia Zhu,Min Li,Xiang-Le Liu,Peng-Fei Qian,Ze-Long Bao,Zhi-Xian Yang,Hong-Zhang Geng
Herein, silver nanowires (AgNWs) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) are prepared by polyol and gel–sol method, respectively. Then bendable, strong adhesion, flat, and high optical transmittance AgNWs:AZO composite transparent conductive film (TCF) is prepared in an all-solution method. By spinning the AZO to the upper layer of the AgNW networks and annealing at 120 °C for 20 min, the junctions of the AgNW networks are welded by the capillary force in the solvent evaporation and AZO crystallization process. The sheet resistance of the TCF is as low as 12.9 Ω sq −1 at an optical transmittance of 92.1% (@550 nm), which is comparable to the indium tin oxide film on glass. The root means square roughness is reduced from 30.1 to 8.48 nm to match the criteria as anode for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Furthermore, the adhesion between the AgNW networks and the substrate has been significantly improved. Finally, a flexible green OLED device with AgNW:AZO TCF as the anode is successfully prepared. The maximum luminous intensity of the prepared OLED is 10 060 cd m −2 , and the maximum current efficiency is 6.43 cd A −1 , which proves the great potential of the film in flexible electronics.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 9.136
Yufeng Da,Yong Liu,Yong Chen,Rui Han,Jianlong Wang
Recently, the activation of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) by graphite (Gr) supported aluminum (Al) composite for the in-situ generation of H 2 O 2 / OH gains increasing attention. However, the limited O 2 mass transfer and low catalytic activity of decomposition H 2 O 2 at neutral pH restrict its further application in the wastewater treatment. In this work, a novel N-rich graphite supported aluminum (Al-Gr-NPC) composite was fabricated by introducing the nitrogen-rich porous carbon (NPC) obtained from ZIF-8 derivative as precursor, and by a ball-milling and sintering process. The results showed that the NPC introduction not only improved the physiochemical property of Al-Gr, such as specific surface area, pore structure and hydrophobicity, facilitating the mass transfer of O 2 , but also made Al-Gr contain plentiful N species, serving as active sites for the two-electron ORR process and catalytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 . These excellent performances of Al-Gr-NPC favored the production and utilization of H 2 O 2 by the activation of O 2 at neutral pH and air aeration. The carbonization temperature of ZIF-8 determined the type of N species, surface area and the hydrophobicity of NPC. 1 O 2 was the main oxidant for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation. 100 % TC degradation and 60.57 % of TOC removal were achieved within 60 min at neutral pH, Al-Gr-NPC dosage of 0.5 g/L and initial TC concentration of 20 mg/L. The toxicity of the final products of TC degradation were much lower than TC by ECOSAR software analysis. Al-Gr-NPC could be used for the removal of antibiotic contaminants from wastewater.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.304
Mansoor Khan,Mustafa Soylak
Palladium is an important metal as it has a wide range of applications in different fields but can cause cancer in human beings. Therefore, precise quantification of palladium is important. For this purpose, new material Ti 3 AlC 2 max phase having unique properties like high stability, thermal conductivity and environmental friendly has been synthesized. To increase its surface area of Ti 3 AlC 2 max phase, graphene oxide (GO) has been incorporated to form Ti 3 AlC 2 max phase GO nanocomposite. Ti 3 AlC 2 max phase GO nanocomposite was used as solid phase extracting material for microextraction and preconcentration of Pd(II) in environmental samples and medical appliances. Characterization of the adsorbent was achieved by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and surface area analyzer (SAA). All the parameters that influence the extraction efficiency of the adsorbent like solution pH, amount of adsorbent, volume of sample, vortex time, desorption condition and interferences effect were determined and optimized. The limit of detection (0.327 µg/L) and limit of quantification (1.09 µg/L) show that the method is highly sensitive. The relative standard deviation was calculated as 5.48 % for five repeated measurements, which shows that the developed method is reproducible. The method is highly efficient with large values of preconcentration factor (20) and enhancement factors (20). The method was validated by applying the method to real water samples, soil samples and medical appliances with satisfied recovery results (94–106 %).
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