INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2024
·Vol. 25
·期 10
·5444
·
IF 4.9
Gelana Urgesa,Liushen Lu,Jinwei Gao,Lichun Guo,Ting Qin,Bo Liu,Jun Xie,Bingwen Xi
Aeromonas hydrophilacan be a substantial concern, as it causes various diseases in aquaculture. An effective and green method for inhibitingA. hydrophilais urgently required. Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone compound, was exploited as a photo-antimicrobial agent againstA. hydrophila. At the minimum inhibitory concentration of emodin (256 mg/L) to inactivateA. hydrophiliain 30 min, an 11.32% survival rate was observed under 45 W white compact fluorescent light irradiation. In addition, the antibacterial activity under natural sunlight (0.78%) indicated its potential for practical application. Morphological observations demonstrated that the cell walls and membranes ofA. hydrophilawere susceptible to damage by emodin when exposed to light irradiation. More importantly, the photoinactivation ofA. hydrophilawas predominantly attributed to the hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals produced by emodin, according to the trapping experiment and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Finally, a light-dependent reactive oxygen species punching mechanism of emodin to photoinactivateA. hydrophilawas proposed. This study highlights the potential use of emodin in sunlight-mediated applications for bacterial control, thereby providing new possibilities for the use of Chinese herbal medicine in aquatic diseases prevention.
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Antibiotics-Basel
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·686
·
IF 4.8
Ting Qin,Kai Chen,Bingwen Xi,Liangkun Pan,Jun Xie,Liushen Lu,Kai Liu
Aeromonas hydrophilais a Gram-negative bacterium that widely exists in various aquatic environments and causes septicemia in fish and humans. Resveratrol, a natural polyterpenoid product, has potential chemo-preventive and antibacterial properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol onA. hydrophilabiofilm formation and motility. The results demonstrated that resveratrol, at sub-MIC levels, can significantly inhibit the biofilm formation ofA. hydrophila, and the biofilm was decreased with increasing concentrations. The motility assay showed that resveratrol could diminish the swimming and swarming motility ofA. hydrophila. Transcriptome analyses (RNA-seq) showed thatA. hydrophilatreated with 50 and 100 μg/mL resveratrol, respectively, presented 230 and 308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 90 or 130 upregulated genes and 130 or 178 downregulated genes. Among them, genes related to flagellar, type IV pilus and chemotaxis were significantly repressed. In addition, mRNA of virulence factors OmpA, extracellular proteases, lipases and T6SS were dramatically suppressed. Further analysis revealed that the major DEGs involved in flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis pathways could be regulated by cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP)- and LysR-Type transcriptional regulator (LTTR)-dependent quorum sensing (QS) systems. Overall, our results indicate that resveratrol can inhibitA. hydrophilabiofilm formation by disturbing motility and QS systems, and can be used as a promising candidate drug against motile Aeromonad septicemia.Keywords:resveratrol;Aeromonas hydrophila;biofilm formation;motility;RNA-seq;quorum sensing
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Microorganisms
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 8
·2027
·
IF 4.5
Liushen Lu,Junwei Wang,Ting Qin,Kai Chen,Jun Xie,Bingwen Xi
Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in chemical communication between bacteria involving autoinducers and receptors and controls the production of virulence factors in bacteria. Therefore, reducing the concentration of signaling molecules in QS is an effective strategy for mitigating the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated that carvacrol at 15.625 μg/mL (1/4 MIC), a natural compound found in plants, exhibits potent inhibitory activity against QS inChromobacterium violaceum, as evidenced by a significant reduction (62.46%) in violacein production. Based on its impressive performance, carvacrol was employed as a natural QS inhibitor to suppress the pathogenicity ofAeromonas hydrophilaNJ-35. This study revealed a significant reduction (36.01%) in the concentration of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), a QS signal molecular secreted byA. hydrophilaNJ-35, after 1/4 MIC carvacrol treatment. Moreover, carvacrol was found to down-regulate the expression ofahyR/I, two key genes in the QS system, which further inhibited the QS system ofA. hydrophilaNJ-35. Finally, based on the above results and molecular docking, we proposed that carvacrol alleviate the pathogenicity ofA. hydrophilaNJ-35 through QS inhibition. These results suggest that carvacrol could serve as a potential strategy for reducing the virulence of pathogenic bacteria and minimizing the reliance on antibiotics in aquaculture.Keywords:A. hydrophila;carvacrol;N-acyl-homoserine lactones;pathogenicity;quorum sensing
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Microorganisms
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 11
·2170
·
IF 4.926
Junwei Wang,Ting Qin,Kai Chen,Liangkun Pan,Jun Xie,Bingwen Xi
Aeromonas hydrophilais a ubiquitous Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in the freshwater environment and the most common cause of bacterial septicemia in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the impact of carvacrol, a natural monoterpenoid found in herbs, on the virulence ofA. hydrophilain vitro and the antibacterial effect in combination with antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of carvacrol againstA. hydrophilaNJ-35 were 125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol could inhibit the virulence factors (biofilm, protease, exopolysaccharide, and hemolysin) ofA. hydrophila, and the antibiofilm potential of carvacrol was further verified by microscopic detection. Transcriptional analyses showed that the gene expression offlaB,ompA,aha,ahp,ela,act,aerA,AhyR, andhlywere marked as downregulated. The checkerboard assay results showed that carvacrol did not have an antagonistic effect in combination with antibiotics (florfenicol, enrofloxacin, thiamphenicol, or doxycycline hydrochloride) commonly used in aquaculture but possessed an additive-synergistic effect with neomycin sulfate. In vivo studies demonstrated that carvacrol protected grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fromA. hydrophilainfection. Our results indicated that carvacrol possessed significant anti-bacterial and anti-virulence effects onA. hydrophila.Keywords:Aeromonas hydrophila;carvacrol;virulence;biofilm;antibiotics;Ctenopharyngodon idella
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Microbiology Spectrum
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Leisheng Sun,Zonghan Jiang,Dingding Li,Yao Tian,Junqi Liu,Zhiliang Sun
Multi-drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infections are becoming increasingly threatening, and the development of novel antimicrobial drugs is indispensable. Herein, we demonstrate that this novel peptide is highly active against colistin-resistant A. hydrophila strain and shows sustained killing efficacy in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that D-Q7 interacted with phosphatidylglycerol and lipopolysaccharide in the bacterial cell membrane, with an increase in intracellular ROS as well as a decrease in ATP level, ultimately leading to cell membrane disruption and bacterial death. Importantly, our study identified gene3832 as a potential regulator of membrane permeability, which may act as a potential modulator of bacterial susceptibility to D-Q7. The role of gene3832 was further confirmed by gene knockout and complementation assays. Consistently, we observed that gene3832 was also involved in biofilm formation in the colistin-resistant A. hydrophila strain. Collectively, our study provides an effective antimicrobial strategy with potential targets for the treatment of drug-resistant A. hydrophila infection.
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Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Chen Kai,Qin Ting,Pan Liangkun,Bing Xuwen,Xi Bingwen,Xie Jun
Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant pathogen to freshwater farmed animals, and antibiotics are usually used to control the bacterial septicemia caused by A. hydrophila. Due to the severe situation of development and spread of antibiotic resistance, there are stricter restrictions on antibiotics used in aquaculture. To evaluate the feasibility of glycyrrhetinic acid β (GA) as an alternative therapy against bacterial infection, in this study, an A. hydrophila isolated from diseased fish is used to test the antibacterial, anti-virulence activity and therapeutic effect of GA in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Results showed that GA did not affect the growth of A. hydrophila in vitro, while it could down-regulate (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression of the hemolysis-related genes hly and aerA, and significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) hemolytic activity of A. hydrophila. In addition, in vivo test showed that oral administration of GA was ineffective in controlling acute infections caused by A. hydrophila. In conclusion, these findings suggested that GA was a potential anti-virulence candidate against A. hydrophila, but the application of GA for the prevention and treatment of A. hydrophila-related diseases was still a long way.
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Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Reng Qiu,Jun Li,Changjun Jiang,Yang Yu,Dandan Li,Xuehan Xie,Yang Lei,Lunguang Yao
Introduction: Aeromonas hydrophila (AH) is a pathogenic bacterium commonly found in aquatic organisms, particularly in fish products. Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid derived from traditional Chinese herbal medicine, possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.Methods: In vitro, the Oxford cup method was employed to assess the antibacterial activity of baicalein, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the microtiter broth dilution technique. Biofilm formation and bacterial motility were evaluated through the crystal violet assay and swimming assay, respectively. The impact of baicalein on bacterial membrane permeability and morphology was observed using the Live/Dead BacLight kit and transmission electron microscopy. In vivo, grass carp were used as the model organism to evaluate the effect of baicalein on AH proliferation, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant factors was quantified by qRT-PCR.Results: This study demonstrated the antibacterial activity of baicalein against AH infection. Baicalein exhibited bacteriostatic effects in vitro, with an MIC of 40 μg/mL and an MBC of 80 μg/mL. Time-kill assays confirmed its bactericidal properties. Additionally, baicalein inhibited biofilm formation and reduced bacterial motility. The antibacterial mechanism of baicalein involved increased membrane permeability and structural disruption of AH cells. In vivo studies in grass carp revealed a dose-dependent reduction in AH burden following baicalein administration. Moreover, baicalein suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while enhancing the expression of antioxidant-related genes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These findings indicate that the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of baicalein contribute to its protective role against AH infection in vivo.Discussion: Baicalein effectively inhibits the proliferation of AH both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its potential as a promising pharmacotherapeutic agent for the prevention of AH infections in fish.
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Fishes
·
2023
·Vol. 8
·期 3
·122
·
IF 2.3
Shengping Li,Shun Zhou,Qiuhong Yang,Yongtao Liu,Yibin Yang,Ning Xu,Xiaohui Ai,Jing Dong
Antibiotics were the main fishery drugs for treatingAeromonas hydrophila(A. hydrophila) infection, which would generate selective pressure and result in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system provides a new alternative strategy againstA. hydrophilainfection. QS inhibitors can reduce bacterial virulence behaviors by disrupting QS, which has no effect on bacterial growth. Therefore, we studied the effect of cinnamaldehyde from a natural plant extract on the QS ofA. hydrophilaaiming to reduce its pathogenicity. The efficacy of cinnamaldehyde againstA. hydrophilawas evaluated from various aspects, including the effects on aerolysin, lipase, protease, swarming motility, biofilm formation, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), and QS-related genes. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro and in vivo was studied. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde could decrease the virulence phenotypes ofA. hydrophilaregulated by QS. Moreover, the transcriptions of related genes (aerA,ahyR, andahyI) were downregulated following the addition of cinnamaldehyde. The in vitro and in vivo therapeutic assays show that cinnamaldehyde could reduce the aerolysin-mediated A549 cell injury and increase the survival rate of crucian carp infected withA. hydrophila. These results indicate that cinnamaldehyde would be a candidate QS inhibitor againstA. hydrophilainfection.Keywords:Aeromonas hydrophila;quorum sensing;cinnamaldehyde;virulence;biofilm
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Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
·
2020
·Vol. 30
·期 10
·3862-3868
·
IF 1.941
Wei Xiuxia,Xu Dongpo,Ge Kangjie,Qi Shuyan,Chen Yan
In this study, a simple and efficient strategy with bola-form template to construct the two-dimensional ultrathin multilayers ZIF-8 nanosheets was developed, the nanosheet was used as antibacterial for Aeromonas hydrophila ( A. hydrophila ) for the first time. It shows the obviously lamellar structure with eleven ZIF-8 lamellar crystal layers uniformly distributed in each nanosheet, the thickness of the whole nanosheet is approximately 36 nm, and the distance between the two adjacent layers is approximately 3.6 nm. It has the high antibacterial efficacy for A. hydrophila , which can be killed within 8 h.
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Antibiotics-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·377
·
IF 5.5
Jinlong Li,Liushen Lu,Kai Chen,Ting Qin,Jun Xie,Ping Fang,Bingwen Xi
Background/Objectives: The frequent use of antibiotics has led to increasing drug resistance inAeromonas hydrophila; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents to prevent and control bacterial diseases in aquaculture. Allicin E (ALE) is derived from garlic (Allium sativumL.), a plant extensively used in traditional medicine for treating infections. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ALE againstA. hydrophila, a major aquaculture pathogen, by investigating its antibacterial efficacy, mechanisms of action, and in vivo protective effects.Methods: The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were determined by broth microdilution. Antibacterial mechanisms were investigated through ROS detection, electron microscopy, fluorescent staining, and content leakage measurement. In vivo efficacy was evaluated inCarassius auratus gibelioby monitoring survival rates and bacterial loads, analyzing immune and antioxidant biomarkers, and histopathological analysis afterA. hydrophilachallenge.Results: ALE exhibited potent antibacterial activity (MIC = MBC = 8 μg/mL), achieving complete bacterial elimination within 1 h and showing a low resistance propensity. Mechanistically, ALE induced ROS accumulation, causing oxidative damage that disrupted membrane integrity and facilitated the leakage of cellular contents. In vivo, ALE significantly enhanced fish survival, reduced bacterial loads, modulated inflammatory cytokines, boosted antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT), and alleviated tissue damage.Conclusions: ALE possesses potent in vitro antibacterial activity and exerts an inhibitory effect on bacteria-induced inflammatory responses, effectively combatingA. hydrophilathrough a multi-target mechanism and enhancing host resistance.
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AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·Vol. 34
·期 7
·305
·
IF 3.5
Lu Liushen,Li Jinlong,Qin Ting,Chen Kai,Xie Jun,Ping Fang,Xi Bingwen
Aeromonas spp. are major pathogens severely affecting the Carassius auratus gibelio farming industry. The prolonged use of enrofloxacin (Enr) has led to reduced therapeutic efficacy, drug residues, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Simply increasing antibiotic dosage is unsustainable, and the core challenge lies in potentiating antibiotic efficacy without dose escalation. Here, we employed combination therapy using allicin E (ALE) as a potentiator of Enr and investigated its synergistic antibacterial activity, underlying mechanisms, and protective effects against A. hydrophila in C. auratus gibelio . In vitro, the combination of Enr and ALE exhibited broad-spectrum synergistic or additive activity against multiple aquatic pathogens, rapidly eradicating A. hydrophila without regrowth during the observation period. Mechanistically, the combination triggered a burst of bacterial reactive oxygen species (1.67-fold vs. control), leading to irreversible membrane damage and leakage of intracellular contents, and significantly inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted mature biofilms. In vivo, oral administration of the combination in C. auratus gibelio challenged with A. hydrophila significantly improved survival (66.6% vs. 26.6% in model), reduced bacterial loads in liver, spleen and kidney (by 70.9%, 81.3% and 72.9%, respectively, vs. model group), and mitigated oxidative damage by restored antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT) activity, decrease MDA, as well as attenuated inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage in spleen and kidney tissues. This is the first report of ALE potentiating Enr against A. hydrophila via a synergistic ROS-mediated membrane damage, validated in C. auratus gibelio , with approximately 50% Enr reduction potential.
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Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 13
·2256
·
IF 6
Yifan Ren,Ruixue Cao,Zhunyao Zhu,Xiaopeng Zou,Longqi Gu,Xiangzhong Zhao
The accumulation of histamine in fish products represents a significant food safety issue, particularly in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), due to its elevated histidine content. This study sought to isolate histamine-producing bacteria from skipjack tuna and assess the inhibitory effects of six plant-derived essential oils on bacterial proliferation and histamine synthesis. Seven bacterial isolates were obtained and screened, with histamine concentrations quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) following dansyl chloride derivatization. The isolate exhibiting the highest histamine production (1.2 ± 0.2 mM) was identified asAeromonas hydrophilathrough 16S rDNA sequencing. Essential oils were administered to bacterial cultures prior to histamine quantification, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined in vitro. Among the tested oils, oregano and cinnamon demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values below 1 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed pronounced structural damage to bacterial cells treated with these oils. At the MBC, histamine production was entirely suppressed; at half the MBC, histamine synthesis was reduced by more than 90%, whereas lower concentrations yielded moderate inhibition ranging from 15% to 22%. These findings suggest that selected essential oils, notably oregano and cinnamon, possess considerable potential as natural preservatives to reduce histamine formation in skipjack tuna. However, further investigation is necessary to confirm their effectiveness under practical storage conditions.
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