POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Xinrui Li,Guangtong Gao,Shiping Tian,Boqiang Li,Guozheng Qin,Yuying Wang
Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) offer a promising alternative as potential natural antimicrobial agents. However, the unclear mechanism of their components limits their precise application. Nerolidol, a sesquiterpene alcohol abundant in EOs of various plants, has known antifungal activities, but its mechanism against Botrytis cinerea is unclear. In this study, the inhibitory activity of nerolidol on B. cinerea and the underlying mechanism were investigated. Nerolidol inhibited growth and spore germination of B. cinerea , and effectively controlled grey mold in strawberry and tomato fruit. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nerolidol reprogrammed the metabolic pathways of B. cinerea , leading to changes in many important metabolism-related genes. Specifically, nerolidol caused disruption of peroxisome structure, downregulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and lipid metabolism, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine can partially reverse the growth inhibition of B. cinerea and alleviate peroxisome damage. Our results suggest that peroxisome disruption and H 2 O 2 accumulation contribute to the antifungal activity of nerolidol against B. cinerea .
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高影响因子
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
·
2022
·
IF 4.342
Luyao Wang,Jiepan Hu,Dongsheng Li,Okwong Oketch Reymick,Xiaoli Tan,Nengguo Tao
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes severe losses of postharvest pepper fruit. Moreover, this fungus is indiscriminate, causing severe disease in a variety of plant species, thus isolation and identification of the individual strains are crucial for the development of strain specific antifungal agents. In this study, B. cinerea was isolated from naturally infected green pepper fruit and identified through morphological features, pathogenic symptoms and rDNA-ITS analysis. The antifungal potential of the food additive sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and plant natural product trans-2-hexenal (TH) against the isolated pathogen was then examined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis matched the isolated strain to B. cinerea strains previously isolated from infected sweet pepper in Pakistan, and homology alignment analysis showed that it was 100% homologous to strain NRCB07. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that both SD and TH treatments strongly inhibited the growth of the isolated B. cinerea , SD had a concentration dependent effect, while TH had an obvious antifungal effect only at higher concentrations. Both SD and TH limited the progression of gray mold disease and reduced the weight loss and respiration rate of inoculated green peppers. Treated pepper retained higher levels of Vc, chlorophyll and total soluble solids. SD and TH also enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD and CAT of pepper, which may be directly responsible for the delayed onset of gray mold disease. Taken together, these results suggest that SD and TH are potential antifungal agents against B. cinerea and can be considered for the health control of gray mold in postharvest green peppers.
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高影响因子
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 3.757
Lining Zheng,Cheng Zhang,Xian Wu,Ling Liu,Hao Zhang
Tomato gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea , is one of the most devastating diseases affecting tomato plants. In this study, Pantoea jilinensis D25 fermentation broth (PJFB) was used to inhibit B. cinerea growth. The optimum fermentation time was 7 days. PJFB antifungal activity decreased when PJFB was heated to ≥60°C, whereas it was the strongest at pH 8. Moreover, ultraviolet treatment for a long time reduced its antifungal effect. PJFB, applied at 10 % (v/v), could inhibit B. cinerea growth by inhibiting its mycelial diameter, conidial production, and mycelial dry weight with the inhibition rates of 57.3 %, 51.2 %, and 78.6 %, respectively. PJFB could also increase conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in B. cinerea . Furthermore, PJFB inhibited B. cinerea on not only the leaf tissues but also the seedlings of tomato. The secondary metabolites in PJFB were determined through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Through laboratory toxicity analysis, we found that the major compounds in PJFB were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester (14.3098 %), 2,4-di- tert -butylphenol (3.8036 %), 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl pentadecane (2.9947 %), and 1,3-dimethyl naphthalene (1.8586 %).
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高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2026
·
IF 7
Dong Yang,Huizhi Chen,Weijie Wu,Hangjun Chen,Lishu Wang,Maratab Ali,Ruilin Liu,Chaoyi Shen,Hailong Yang,Xiangjun Fang,Haiyan Gao
Citral inhibited Botrytis cinerea by disrupting fungal barriers and homeostasis. • T3O1 silica microcapsules enabled sustained citral release (65.16% over 30 days). • Citral microcapsules delayed decay and preserved blueberry quality. Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest pathogen causing substantial quality losses in blueberries. Citral is a promising natural antifungal agent, but its high volatility, oxidation sensitivity, and poor stability limit practical application. This study investigated the antifungal mechanism of citral against B. cinerea and developed citral-loaded tetraethyl orthosilicate octyltriethoxysilane (TEOS/OTES) hybrid silica microcapsules for controlled release. Citral strongly inhibited mycelial growth, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 μL/mL, and caused morphological and ultrastructural damage. It disrupted cell wall and membrane integrity, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, impaired mitochondrial function, and suppressed ATP-related energy metabolism. The optimized T3O1 microcapsules exhibited favorable stability and sustained release, reaching 65.16 % cumulative citral release over 30 d. Compared with free citral, the microcapsules more effectively reduced blueberry decay and weight loss, maintained firmness and membrane integrity, preserved nutritional and bioactive compounds, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and suppressed polyphenol oxidase activity. These findings support TEOS/OTES microencapsulation as a natural controlled-release strategy for improving citral stability and maintaining postharvest blueberry quality. Download: Download high-res image (404KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
·
2023
·
IF 3.8
Meng Liu,Zihao Zong,Xiangjun Fang,Ruiling Liu,Honglei Mu,Hangjun Chen,Ben Niu,Haiyan Gao
An extracellular cutinase in Botrytis cinerea was isolated and its biochemical properties and effects on the penetration of pathogens were evaluated. This cutinase had a specific activity of 6.03 U/μg of protein after 22.33-fold purification, and yielded a recovery of 50.5%. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzymatic activity of cutinase were 9 and 45 °C, respectively. The cutinase was stable between 30 and 80 °C and pH 4.0–10.0. Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ strongly increased cutinase activity while Mn 2+ completely inhibited it. The enzyme could maintain its activity in the presence of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, but was significantly inhibited in acetonitrile, n -hexane and acetone. Kinetic parameters K M , V max and k cat were 0.21 mM, 303 μmol•min −1 •mg −1 protein and 303.03 s −1 respectively. The purified cutinase could also destroy blueberry wax crystal and decrease the cuticle, indicating a positive role on the penetration of pathogens for blueberry fruits. This study provides useful information for fruit postharvest preservation.
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Phytopathology Research
·
2019
·Vol. 1
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 0
Fan Fei,Hahn Matthias,Li Guo-Qing,Lin Yang,Luo Chao-Xi
Benzimidazole fungicides (MBCs) have been widely used in agriculture since 1970s, and resistance to this class of fungicides in Botrytis cinerea is reported worldwide. Resistance to MBCs in B. cinerea is related to mutations in the target β-tubulin gene ( TUB2 ). Compared with the mutation at codon 200, the substitutions from glutamic acid to alanine (E198A), valine (E198V), or lysine (E198K) at codon 198 are currently the predominant mutations in MBC resistant populations of B. cinerea . In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was established for rapid detection of benzimidazole resistance in B. cinerea. On the basis of the three mutations at TUB2 codon 198, three sets of LAMP primers were designed, and each of these primer sets was able to specifically amplify the DNA containing its corresponding mutation, while no amplification was detected with other mutated or the wild type DNA. After optimization, the sensitivity and specificity tests illustrated that this LAMP assay had good sensitivity and specificity to detect specific resistant genotypes in B. cinerea . Result also showed that the LAMP assay had good reproducibility. Above all, boiled mycelia could be used as templates, which simplified the process and increased the efficiency of the assay. Considering its rapidity, simplicity, and high efficiency, the LAMP assay developed in this study is a promising tool for the diagnosis of benzimidazole resistance in B. cinerea , and will contribute to the monitoring of resistance development to MBCs in the future.
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Microbial Cell Factories
·
2024
·Vol. 23
·期 1
·1-16
·
IF 4.3
Wang Yifan,Shu Dan,Li Zhemin,Luo Di,Yang Jie,Chen Dongbo,Li Tianfu,Hou Xiaonan,Yang Qi,Tan Hong
Background Currently, industrial fermentation of Botrytis cinerea is a significant source of abscisic acid (ABA). The crucial role of ABA in plants and its wide range of applications in agricultural production have resulted in the constant discovery of new derivatives and analogues. While modifying the ABA synthesis pathway of existing strains to produce ABA derivatives is a viable option, it is hindered by the limited synthesis capacity of these strains, which hinders further development and application. Results In this study, we knocked out the bcaba4 gene of B. cinerea TB-31 to obtain the 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol producing strain ZX2. We then studied the fermentation broth of the batch-fed fermentation of the ZX2 strain using metabolomic analysis. The results showed significant accumulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, mevalonic acid, and mevalonolactone during the fermentation process, indicating potential rate-limiting steps in the 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol synthesis pathway. This may be hindering the flow of the synthetic pathway. Additionally, analysis of the transcript levels of terpene synthesis pathway genes in this strain revealed a correlation between the bchmgr , bcerg12 , and bcaba1-3 genes and 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol synthesis. To further increase the yield of 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol, we constructed a pCBg418 plasmid suitable for the Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation (ATMT) system and transformed it to obtain a single-gene overexpression strain. We found that overexpression of bchmgr , bcerg12 , bcaba1 , bcaba2 , and bcaba3 genes increased the yield of 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol. The highest yielding ZX2 A3 strain was eventually screened, which produced a 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol concentration of 7.96 mg/g DCW (54.4 mg/L) in 144 h of shake flask fermentation. This represents a 2.1-fold increase compared to the ZX2 strain. Conclusions We utilized metabolic engineering techniques to alter the ABA-synthesizing strain B. cinerea , resulting in the creation of the mutant strain ZX2, which has the ability to produce 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol. By overexpressing the crucial genes involved in the 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol synthesis pathway in ZX2, we observed a substantial increase in the production of 1′,4′- trans -ABA-diol.
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PubMed
高影响因子
PLANT DISEASE
·
2018
·Vol. 102
·期 8
·
IF 2.941
F. Fan,W. X. Yin,G. Q. Li,Y. Lin,C. X. Luo
Resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) in Botrytis cinerea is associated with point mutations in the target gene succinate dehydrogenase subunit B ( SdhB ). The substitution from histidine to arginine at codon 272 (H272R) is currently the predominant mutation in SDHI-resistant populations in B. cinerea worldwide. In order to monitor the development of resistance to SDHI, a rapid, simple, and efficient method with high specificity to the H272R point mutation was developed based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). To specifically detect the H272R mutation, a set of four primers was designed based on the sequence of SdhB , and the LAMP reaction was optimized. When SYBR Green I was added after reaction, only samples with the H272R mutation showed the color change (from brown to fluorescent yellow), indicating that this set of primers could successfully discriminate the H272R genotype from other genotypes. Specificity and accuracy tests showed that this LAMP assay had high specificity and accuracy. Moreover, the LAMP method was further simplified with fungal mycelia and conidia as the amplification template which could be prepared within 5 min. Due to the low cost, simplicity, high efficiency, and specificity, the developed LAMP assay may contribute to the monitoring of resistance development to SDHI in B. cinerea , especially in field and high-throughput experiments.
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高影响因子
Horticulturae
·
2022
·Vol. 8
·期 11
·1074
·
IF 2.923
Qing Shen,Haosen Li,Qifang Wang,Jianquan Wang,Jiarui Ge,Xiaoyu Yang,Xiaoyun Wang,Xiuming Li,Yan Zhang,Ruimin Zhang,Qinghua Shi
Gray mold is a disease that often occurs in postharvest tomato fruits, leading to a significant decline in the fruits’ quality. In production, pesticides are mostly used to control gray mold, which negatively affect both the environment and food safety. The purpose of this article is to study the effects of linalool fumigation on controlling gray mold in tomato fruits and to further investigate the mechanism of linalool function, so as to provide technical support and a theoretical basis for the application of linalool in the green control of tomato gray mold. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that linalool fumigation had a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth ofBotrytis cinereaand that the fumigation of linalool inhibited the expansion of pathogens on tomato fruits. The disease index of tomato fruits in the linalool treatment was always lower than that of the control within 72 h after inoculation withBotrytis cinerea; at the end of experiment, the disease index of the control reached 100.0, which was only 8.0 with the 30 μL/L linalool treatment. Linalool fumigation increased the antioxidant capacity of the tomato fruits underBotrytis cinereainfection through regulating activities of SOD, POD and CAT as well as the ascorbic acid (AsA) content, which could be responsible for the lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Linalool fumigation increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in tomato fruits, indicating that secondary metabolism was involved in the function of linalool in the regulation of tomato fruit resistance to pathogens. As the main enzymes related to cell structure, polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL) andβ-galactosidase (β-GAL) were inhibited by linalool, which could protect cell wall structures from damage, and strengthened the mechanical barrier against pathogen access to fruit flesh.Keywords:tomato fruit;Botrytis cinerea;linalool;anti-fungal activity;postharvest
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高影响因子
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Shengnan Shi,Ju Wang,Changhong Liu,Lei Zheng
Quercetin is a kind of flavonoid substance extensively existing in the plant, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects. It was reported that the higher concentration of spores present in the environment could cause abnormal development in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, this study set out to investigate whether quercetin could reduce the zebrafish larvae damage caused by Botrytis cinerea exposure as well as to examine the molecular basis for this action. The findings demonstrated that 50 μM quercetin improved the developmental dysplasia of zebrafish larvae induced by 10 2 CFU/mL Botrytis cinerea spore suspension, reduced abnormal apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant system, relieved inflammation, reshaped intestinal morphology and recovered intestinal motility . At the molecular level, quercetin decreased the transcriptional abundance of pro-apoptotic factors ( bax , p53 , caspase3 , and caspase9 ) and up-regulated the anti-apoptotic gene ( bcl-2 ) expression to reduce apoptosis. Moreover, quercetin enhanced the activities of downstream antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) to clear excess ROS and MDA due to Botrytis cinerea exposure by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant genes ( nrf2 , ho-1 , sod , and cat ) in the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Additionally, quercetin inhibited the elevation of TNF-α by regulating the gene expression of key targets ( jak3 , pi3k , pdk1 , akt , and ikk2 ) and the content of major proteins NF-κB (P65) and IκB in the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, this work enriched the contents of the biological research of Botrytis cinerea and provided a new direction for the drug development and targeted therapy of quercetin.
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高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 7.514
Yun Zhao,Yun-Hai Yang,Min Ye,Kai-Bo Wang,Li-Ming Fan,Fa-Wu Su
In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) of Origanum vulgare was characterized, and the antifungal activity of the EO and some individual components against Botrytis cinerea (Y-BC-1) was determined . Twenty-one components were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection, constituting 95.7% of the EO. The major components were methyleugenol (16.5%), myristicin (15.6%), carvacrol (15.0%), thymol (9.8%), apioline (9.4%), and (Z)-β-farnesene (8.7%). B. cinerea in vitro mycelial growth and spore germination were strongly inhibited by the EO and two of its main components, thymol and carvacrol. In vivo vapor contact assays, the antifungal activity of the EO at 250 mg/L suppressed the decay of cherry tomatoes 96.39%. Moreover, thymol and carvacrol at 125 mg/L completely suppressed the gray mold. Thus, the EO of O. vulgare is a potentially nontoxic and ecofriendly botanical fungicide for postharvest control of gray mold.
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Qi Sun,Jian Zeng,Miaomiao Ma,Meiqi Huang,Jianmei Li,Tao Le
The persistent threat of phytopathogenic fungi necessitates precision-targeted and sustainable antifungal strategies beyond conventional agrochemicals. This study presents a hierarchically structured micro/nanosystem (CMC@Eu-ZIF@ZnO) engineered for precision antifungal delivery by leveraging the specific virulence mechanisms of Botrytis cinerea . The composite features a dual core-shell architecture: a ZnO microsphere core encapsulated within a ZIF-8 intermediate shell and an outer carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating. This intelligent design integrates pH- and cellulase-triggered release pathways, exploiting fungal-induced and enzymatic secretion for on-demand cargo delivery. Synergistic action between Eu and ZnO nanoparticles enhances membrane disruption and oxidative stress, resulting in superior antifungal activity. The system achieved 91.5 % cumulative release under dual stimuli and 67.9 % rainfast retention, with negligible phytotoxicity in soybean germination assays and effective lesion control in tomato leaves. By overcoming instability, non-target leakage, and limited responsiveness of conventional fungicides, this study establishes a microenvironment-responsive hierarchical delivery platform. This work highlights the potential of integrating natural antifungals with hierarchical nanostructures for eco-friendly, precision crop protection.
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PubMed
高影响因子
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