PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 79
·期 10
·3570-3580
·
IF 4.1
Weiting Jiao,Ping Zhang,Chuanjian Cui,Min Yan,Qing X. Li,Yongfeng Tang,Nan Zhang,Xinyi Wang,Ruyan Hou,Rimao Hua
Background Thiamethoxam (TMX) is insecticidal, but also can trigger physiological and metabolic reactions of plant cycles. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and metabolic effect of TMX on tea plants and its potential benefits. Results In this study, dose of TMX (0.09, 0.135 and 0.18 kg a.i./ha) were tested. Except for peroxidase (POD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), chlorophyll, carotenoid, catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly affected compared with the controls. The CAT activity was increased by 3.38, 1.71, 2.91 times, respectively, under three doses of TMX treatment. The metabolic response between TMX treatment and control groups on the third day was compared using a widely targeted metabolomics. A total of 97 different metabolites were identified, including benzenoids, flavonoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, organic nitrogen compounds, organic oxygen compounds, organoheterocyclic compounds, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and others. Those metabolites were mapped on the perturbed metabolic pathways. The results demonstrated that the most perturbation occurred in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. The beneficial secondary metabolites luteolin and kaempferol were upregulated 1.46 and 1.31 times respectively, which protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular docking models suggest interactions between TMX and flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. Conclusion Thiamethoxam spray positively promoted the physiological and metabolic response of tea plants. And this work also provided the useful information of TMX metabolism in tea plants as well as rational application of insecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2013
·
IF 2.906
Lihua Jiang,Xiaojia Shen,Toshihiko Shoji,Tomomasa Kanda,Jiachun Zhou,Liming Zhao
Zijuan tea is a new cultivar produced in Yunnan province of China. Unlike most tea cultivars, Zijuan tea is anthocyanin-rich. The composition and antioxidant activities of anthocyanins of Zijuan tea were studied for the first time in this paper. Anthocyanins were extracted with acidified methanol and quantified as 707 ± 28 μg/g of dry weight (cyanidin-3-O-β-d-glucoside equivalent) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Four anthocyanins were successfully identified after Amberlite XAD-7HP adsorption column chromatography and octadecyl silane (ODS) flash chromatography. Among the four, delphinidin-3-O-β-d-galactoside (1) and cyanidin-3-O-β-d-galactoside (2) were confirmed by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and HPLC. Delphinidin-3-O-β-d-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl) galactopyranoside (3) and cyanidin-3-O-β-d-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl) galactopyranoside (4) were characterized by the high-resolution time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HRTOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of compounds 3 and 4, which composed approximately 75% of the total anthocyanins content in HPLC analysis, were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays. Results showed that both had higher antioxidant activities than commercial antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) used as one of controls in these assays.
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Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences
·
2023
·
IF 3.3
Ying Zhou,Wei He,Yunchuan He,Qiulin Chen,Yang Gao,Jiamei Geng,Zeng-Rong Zhu
Linalool and its derivatives contribute greatly to tea aroma. Here, 8-hydroxylinalool was found to be one of the major linalool-derived aroma compounds in Camellia sinensis var. assamica ‘Hainan dayezhong’, a tea plant grown in Hainan Province, China. Both ( Z )-8-hydroxylinalool and ( E )-8-hydroxylinalool were detected, and the E type was the main compound. Its content fluctuated in different months and was the highest in the buds compared with other tissues. CsCYP76B1 and CsCYP76T1, located in the endoplasmic reticulum, were identified to catalyze the formation of 8-hydroxylinalool from linalool in the tea plant. During withering of black tea manufacturing, the content of both ( Z )-8-hydroxylinalool and ( E )-8-hydroxylinalool significantly increased. Further study suggested that jasmonate induced gene expression of CsCYP76B1 and CsCYP76T1 , and the accumulated precursor linalool may also contribute to 8-hydroxylinalool accumulation. Thus, this study not only reveals 8-hydroxylinalool biosynthesis in tea plants but also sheds light on aroma formation in black tea.
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PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 10.5
Caiyun Tian,Chengzhe Zhou,Shengjing Wen,Cheng Zhang,Anru Zheng,Lele Jiang,Niannian Yang,Zhuo Tang,Xiaowen Hu,Zhendong Zhang,Jiaxin Fang,Zhong Wang,Yuqiong Guo
Drought priming is a critical agronomic strategy for enhancing plant drought tolerance, yet the optimal priming intensity and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying subsequent drought responses in the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis ) remain poorly characterised. In this study, we systematically evaluated tea plants exposed to recurrent drought stress under varying priming intensities. Results demonstrated that moderate drought priming specifically conferred superior drought tolerance compared to non-primed controls. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling identified flavonoid biosynthesis as the key pathway associated with priming-induced drought resilience. Exogenous flavonoid application and overexpression of six biosynthesis genes ( CsCHS , CsCHI , CsFLS , CsDFR , CsANS and CsANR ) functionally validated flavonoids' role in drought adaptation. Notably, transcriptional regulators CsYABBY1 and CsMYB114 were identified as hub transcription factors demonstrating transcriptional activation potential towards flavonoid biosynthesis. Combinatorial transient overexpression and silencing assays revealed that both CsYABBY1 and CsMYB114 coordinately upregulate flavonoid biosynthesis genes, redirecting metabolic flux towards flavonoid accumulation to enhance drought tolerance. Multimodal validation through yeast one-hybrid assays, dual-luciferase reporter systems and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, as well as molecular docking, confirmed or simulated direct binding of CsYABBY1 and CsMYB114 to promoter regions of flavonoid biosynthesis genes for transcriptional activation. These findings establish a synergistic regulatory model where CsYABBY1 and CsMYB114 cooperatively enhance flavonoid accumulation through transcriptional reprogramming, thereby conferring acquired drought tolerance. This study provides mechanistic insights for developing adaptive cultivation practices and advances molecular breeding strategies for drought-resilient tea cultivars.
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Food Chemistry-X
·
2023
·
IF 6.1
Dan Chen,Ao Wang,Jialiang Lv,Chao Tang,Chang-hai Jin,Jun Liu,Xiaoxiong Zeng,Li Wang
Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) flower polysaccharides (TFPS) have various health-promoting functions. In the present work, the structure of a purified TFPS fraction, namely TFPS-1-3p, and its in vitro digestive properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that TFPS-1-3p was a typical heteropolysaccharide consisting of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal) and galacturonic acid (GalA) with a molecular weight of 47.77 kDa. The backbone of TFPS-1-3p contained → 4)-α- d -Gal p A(-6-OMe)-(1 → 4)-α-Gal p A-(1 → and → 4)-α- d -Gal p A(-6-OMe)-(1 → 2,4)-α- l -Rha p -(1 → linkages. The branch linkages in TFPS-1-3p contained → 6)-β- d -Gal p -(1→, →3,6)-β- d -Gal p -(1→, →5)-α- l -Ara f -(1 → and → 3,5)-α- l -Ara f -(1 →. Subsequently, TFPS-1-3p could not be degraded under simulated human gastrointestinal conditions but could be of use to human fecal microbes, thereby lowering the pH and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of the gut microenvironment and altering the composition of the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium_mortiferum Megasphaera_elsdenii_DSM_20460, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , Bacteroides plebeius and Collinsella aerofaciens increased significantly, potentially contributing to the degradation of TFPS-1-3p.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Yuming Wei,Xuchao Yin,Huiting Wu,Mengjie Zhao,Junlan Huang,Jixin Zhang,Tiehan Li,Jingming Ning
Summer green tea (SGT) has poor flavor due to its high levels of bitterness and astringency. The present study aimed to improve the flavor of SGT using the yellowing process. The results showed that after the yellowing process, the sweetness and overall acceptability increased, and the content of gallated catechins and flavonol glycosides decreased by 30.2% and 27.4%, respectively, as did the bitterness and astringency of SGT. Yellowing caused a decrease in the concentration of some aroma compounds, such as (z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, pentanal, heptanal and 1-octanol, which caused grassy, floral and fruity aromas. In contrast, the concentrations of 1-octen-3-ol, benzene acetaldehyde and β-ionone increased, which have mushroom and sweet aromas. Meanwhile, the sweetness and umami of SGT were enhanced by the addition of selected aroma compounds (1-octen-3-ol, benzene acetaldehyde and β-ionone), demonstrating that the yellowing process improves the flavor of SGT through odor–taste interactions.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·
IF 3.154
Mengmeng Tong,Wanjun Gao,Weiting Jiao,Jie Zhou,Yeyun Li,Lili He,Ruyan Hou
The uptake, translocation, metabolism, and distribution behavior of glyphosate in nontarget tea plant were investigated. The negative effects appeared to grown tea saplings when the nutrient solution contained glyphosate above 200 mg L–1. Glyphosate was highest in the roots of the tea plant, where it was also metabolized to aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The glyphosate and AMPA in the roots were transported through the xylem or phloem to the stems and leaves. The amount of AMPA in the entire tea plant was less than 6.0% of the amount of glyphosate. The glyphosate level in fresh tea shoots was less than that in mature leaves at each day. These results indicated that free glyphosate in the soil can be continuously absorbed by, metabolized in, and transported from the roots of the tea tree into edible leaves, and therefore, free glyphosate residues in the soil should be controlled to produce teas free of glyphosate.
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PLANT CELL REPORTS
·
2026
·Vol. 45
·期 10
·321
·
IF 5.3
Yan Xiao,Rao Mingxiang,Tao Yu,Ran Weixi,Wang Yuchun,Lv Wuyun,Ren Hengze,Chen Yanan,Lu Mengqian,Jing Tingting,Li Chunfang
Key message CsWRKY22 acts as a positive regulator of CsFLSd through binding to proCsFLSd, promoting quercetin accumulation in tea plants, which contributes to the astringent taste of tea. Flavonol derivatives, including quercetin, are nutritionally valuable dietary components with health benefits. In tea plants, their high accumulation not only contributes to the beverage’s nutritional quality but also influences its characteristic astringent taste. To gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying flavonols biosynthesis in tea plants, this study first identified a candidate flavonol synthase-encoding gene, CsFLSd , via bioinformatic mining of the tea plant transcriptome. Functional validation showed that targeted manipulation of CsFLSd expression directly modulated quercetin levels: transient suppression of CsFLSd expression in tea plant leaves resulted in a significant reduction in quercetin content. Heterologous stable overexpression of CsFLSd in Arabidopsis thaliana further confirmed its role in promoting quercetin accumulation. To dissect the upstream regulation of CsFLSd , a Yeast One-Hybrid (Y1H) screen was performed using a tea plant cDNA library, leading to the identification of CsWRKY22 as a potential interacting partner of the CsFLSd promoter. Subsequent validation experiments revealed that CsWRKY22 could specifically bind to the CsFLSd promoter. Functional analyses demonstrated that transient overexpression of CsWRKY22 in tea plant leaves elevated the quercetin content, whereas transient suppression of its expression reduced quercetin accumulation, indicating that CsWRKY22 acts as a positive regulator of quercetin biosynthesis. Collectively, these findings characterize an important regulatory step in quercetin biosynthesis in tea plants, defined by the CsWRKY22 -proCsFLSd module that controls quercetin production. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into flavonols biosynthesis in tea plants, advancing the understanding of flavonoid metabolic regulation in tea plants.
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Food Bioscience
·
2025
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IF 5.9
Chen Liu,Mengyi Ren,Meiyi Ning,Yihong Liao,Xiao Du,Li Qin,Wei Chen,Xiangyun Liu,Aimin Wu,Dejian Feng,Daiwen Chen,Liqiang Tan,Qian Tang
Zhuyeqing (ZYQ) green tea, a renowned Chinese tea, lacks comprehensive studies on its chemical composition and ideal processing cultivars. This study examined the quality of ZYQ tea from three cultivars—‘Fudingdabai’ (JFD), ‘Fuxuan No.9’ (JF9), and ‘Wuniuzao’ (JWZ)—and their blended product (P), using sensory evaluation and metabolomics. A total of 2,459 metabolites, including 1,979 non-volatile and 480 volatile compounds, were identified through UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS. JFD excelled in quality metrics like sensory scores, amino acid content, and phenolic-to-amino acid ratio. Refinement processes further enhanced sensory attributes, increasing scores for fruity, rich, and harmonious aromas, and mellow, chestnut-like tastes, though tender and faint aroma notes decreased slightly. Multivariate analysis identified δ-nonalactone, 4-pentenyl acetate, and isophorone as major contributors to improved aroma. These findings offer key insights into cultivar selection and highlight the role of blending and refinement in enhancing ZYQ tea quality.
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Plants-Basel
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 17
·3039
·
IF 4.5
Shaoying Wang,Beibei Wen,Yun Yang,Shanshan Long,Jianjun Liu,Meifeng Li
The RADIALIS-like (RL) proteins are v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB)-related transcription factors (TFs), and are involved in many biological processes, including metabolism, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the studies on theRLgenes ofCamellia sinensisare not comprehensive enough. Therefore, we undertook this study and identified eightCsaRLsbased on the typical conserved domain SANT Associated domain (SANT) of RL. These genes have low molecular weights and theoretical pIvalues ranging from 5.67 to 9.76. Gene structure analysis revealed that sixCsaRLgenes comprise two exons and one intron, while the other two contain a single exon encompassing motifs 1 and 2, and part of motif 3. The phylogenetic analysis divided one hundred and fifty-eight RL proteins into five primary classes, in which CsaRLs clustered in Group V and were homologous with CssRLs of theShuchazaovariety. In addition, we selected different tissue parts to analyze the expression profile ofCsaRLs, and the results show that almost all genes displayed variable expression levels across tissues, withCsaRL1arelatively abundant in all tissues. qRT-PCR (real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of theCsaRLgenes under various abiotic stimuli, and it was found thatCsaRL1aexpression levels were substantially higher than other genes, with abscisic acid (ABA) causing the highest expression. The self-activation assay with yeast two-hybrid system showed that CsaRL1a has no transcriptional activity. According to protein functional interaction networks, CsaRL1a was well connected with WIN1-like, lysine histidine transporter-1-like, β-amylase 3 chloroplastic-like, carbonic anhydrase-2-like (CA2), and carbonic anhydrase dnaJC76 (DJC76). This study adds to our understanding of the RL family and lays the groundwork for further research into the function and regulatory mechanisms of theCsaRLsgene family inCamellia sinensis.Keywords:RADIALIS-like (RL);bioinformatics analysis;abiotic stress;self-activation;yeast two-hybrid system
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 5.895
Jing Wang,Mengru Li,Hui Wang,Wenjing Huang,Fang Li,Lili Wang,Chi-Tang Ho,Yanyan Zhang,Liang Zhang,Xiaoting Zhai,Xiaochun Wan
Aroma extract dilution analysis was performed on volatile fractions extracted from a freshly prepared Dahongpao (DHP) tea infusion using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, yielding 65 odor-active domains with flavor dilution factors ranging between 32 and 32,768. In addition, six aromatic substances were captured by headspace analysis. Quantitation of 54 compounds by an internal standard method and stable isotope dilution assays revealed that the concentrations of 32 odorants exceeded their respective orthonasal odor threshold values in tea infusion. The results of odor activity values (OAVs) suggested that 2-metylbutanal (malty) and γ-hexalactone (coconut-like) had the highest OAVs (248 and 154). Eight odorants including γ-hexalactone (OAV 154), methyl 2-methylbutanoate (59), phenylacetic acid (7.2), acetylpyrazine (5.7), 2-methoxyphenol (3.4), p-cresol (2.7), 2,6-diethylpyrazine (2.7), and vanillin (1.8) were newly identified as key odorants in DHP tea infusion. An aroma recombination model in a non-volatile matrix extracted from tea infusion satisfactorily mimicked the overall aroma of DHP tea infusion, thereby confirming the identification and quantitative experiments. Omission experiments verified the obvious significance of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (OAV 91), 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (19), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (13), and acetylpyrazine (5.7) as key odorants for the special roasty and caramel-like aroma of DHP tea.
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JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
·
2022
·Vol. 42
·期 3
·1558-1566
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IF 4.64
Zhang Lan,Zhang Zheng,Ahammed Golam Jalal,Wang Xiaorong,Fang Huihan,Yan Peng,Zhang Li-Ping,Ge Shibei,Fu Jianyu,Han Wen-Yan,Li Xin
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid-type phytohormones that not only control growth and development but also responses to biotic and abiotic stressors in plants. However, little is known about the function of BRs in the protection of tea against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola causing anthracnose disease. Here, we revealed that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) could improve tea resistance against C. fructicola , which was linked to the EBR-induced accumulation of lignin in tea leaves. Time-course of the relative expression of ITS/Cs18SrDNA showed that its expression increased after the inoculation with C. fructicola ; however, EBR pretreatment significantly decreased the ITS/Cs18SrDNA expression at 3, 24 and 96 h postinoculation. Following an initial increase in 3 h postinoculation, lignin content significantly decreased from 6 to 24 h postinoculation with C. fructicola . In contrast to inoculation with only C. fructicola , exogenous EBR pretreatment significantly increased lignin contents throughout the postinoculation period. According to the qRT-PCR assay, EBR and C. fructicola differentially regulated the expression of 14 genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and lignin-specific pathways. Moreover, the activity of peroxidase (POD), a central enzyme in the final phase of lignin biosynthesis increased significantly at 3 h postinoculation with EBR treatment. Gene expression analysis revealed that EBR induced CsMYB4-like expression possibly to activate the transcription of CsPOD5-like gene responsible for lignin biosynthesis in response to C. fructicola . These findings suggest that EBR plays a positive role in disease resistance by inducing lignin synthesis, which may have potential application for the prevention of C. fructicola in tea plants.
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