JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2020
·
IF 9.038
Wei Shi,Shuge Sun,Yu Han,Yu Tang,Weishang Zhou,Xueying Du,Guangxu Liu
Recently, the ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) has drawn worldwide concern over its potential threat to aquatic organisms. However, the effects of MPs on the olfactory ability of fish and the subsequent odorant evoked behaviors remain elusive. In the present study, we analyzed the potential olfactory toxicity of polystyrene (PS) MPs by assessing olfactory-driven behaviors of goldfish in response to odorants. Our results showed that the olfactory-driven behavioral responses of goldfish to L -cysteine and taurocholic acid were significantly hampered by a 28-day MP exposure. Further analysis demonstrated that exposure to MPs may suppress the expression of genes encoding olfactory G protein-coupled receptors, inhibit the enzyme activities of cation transport ATPases crucial for action potential generation, alter the in vivo contents of neurotransmitters as well as metabolites involved in the transduction of electrical signals, and cause olfactory bulb injury and neurotoxicity closely related to the processing of electrical signals. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study suggest that MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations could impair the olfactory-mediated behavioral responses of goldfish, probably through hampering odorant identification, action potential generation, olfactory neural signal transduction, and olfactory information processing.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Lingzheng Lu,Conghui Shan,Difei Tong,Yingying Yu,Weixia Zhang,Xunyi Zhang,Yang Shu,Weifeng Li,Guangxu Liu,Wei Shi
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most extensively used brominated flame retardants and its increasing use in consumer products has raised concerns about its ecotoxicity. Given the ubiquity of TBBPA in aquatic environments, it is inevitable that these chemicals will enter the olfactory chambers of fish via water currents. Nevertheless, the olfactory toxicity of TBBPA to aquatic organisms and the underlying toxic mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the olfactory toxicity of TBBPA in the goldfish Carassius auratus , a model organism widely used in sensory biology. Results showed that exposure to TBBPA resulted in abnormal olfactory-mediated behaviors and diminished electro-olfactogram (EOG) responses, indicating reduced olfactory acuity. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action, we examined the structural integrity of the olfactory epithelium (OE), expression levels of olfactory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), enzymatic activities of ion transporters, and fluctuations in neurotransmitters. Additionally, comparative transcriptomic analysis was employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms further. Our study demonstrates for the first time that TBBPA at environmentally relevant levels can adversely affect the olfactory sensitivity of aquatic organisms by interfering with the transmission of aqueous stimuli to olfactory receptors, impeding the binding of odorants to their receptors, disrupting the olfactory signal transduction pathway, and ultimately affecting the generation of action potentials.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY
·
2018
·Vol. 27
·期 3
·313-324
·
IF 1.987
Dong Huike,Lu Guanghua,Yan Zhenhua,Liu Jianchao,Yang Haohan,Nkoom Matthew
As a cycloaliphatic brominated flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) has been widely used in building thermal insulation and fireproof materials. However, there is little information on the bioconcentration as well as effects with respect to HBCD exposure in the aquatic environment. To investigate the bioconcentration of HBCD in tissues (muscle and liver) and its biochemical and behavioural effects, juvenile crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) were exposed to different concentrations of technical HBCD (nominal concentrations, 2, 20, 200 μg/L) for 7 days, using a flow-through exposure system. HBCD was found to concentrate in the liver and muscle with a terminal concentration of 0.60 ± 0.22 μg/g lw (lipid weight) and 0.18 ± 0.02 μg/g lw, respectively, at an environmentally-relevant concentration (2 μg/L). The total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine in the fish plasma were lowered as a result of exposure to the HBCD. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was increased, while swimming activity was inhibited and shoaling inclination was enhanced after exposure to 200 μg/L HBCD. Feeding rate was suppressed in the 20 and 200 μg/L treatment groups. In summary, HBCD concentrations 10–100× higher than the current environmentally-relevant exposures induced adverse effects in the fish species tested in this study. These results suggest that increasing environmental concentrations and/or species with higher sensitivity than carp might be adversely affected by HBCD.
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BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 116
·期 1
·10
·
IF 2.2
Huang Junyun,Liu Boying,Yuan Sijia,Zhou Haiyun,Bao Jian,Tu Yong,Wang Zunyao,Wang Weixia
The UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a prevalent environmental pollutant due to its extensive use in personal care products, raising concerns about its ecological risks. This study investigated the pH-dependent oxidative stress effects of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on Carassius auratus by measuring four key biomarkers—superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and malonaldehyde in liver tissue. The results demonstrated that BP-3 exposure led to significant oxidative stress, as evidenced by altered antioxidant levels and increased lipid peroxidation. The integrated biomarker response indicated that stress was more pronounced at higher BP-3 concentrations and varied with pH, being greatest under acidic conditions. These findings demonstrate that the toxicity of BP-3 is strongly influenced by environmental pH, highlighting the necessity of incorporating pH variations into ecological risk assessments of ionizable organic pollutants.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Qing Li,Xiaohui Xue,Shun Zou,Bin He
Phoxim, a typical organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture, poses significant ecotoxicological risks to fish species due to its environmental residues. In this study, we focused on the liver, the core detoxification organ, systematically investigated the transcriptomic responses of Carassius auratus exposed to different concentrations (low, medium, high) of phoxim for 24 h and 96 h. Integrating WGCNA with qRT-PCR validation, we elucidated the dynamic, stage-specific toxic mechanisms and adaptive responses. The results demonstrated that phoxim toxicity exhibits marked time-dependent accumulation and concentration dependence. A total of 30,540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched at 24 h (defense phase), increasing to 38,320 DEGs at 96 h (adaptation phase). With increasing concentration, the number of DEGs decreased at 24 h but increased at 96 h. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that 24 h exposure triggered broad cellular stress and defense responses, whereas 96 h exposure shifted toward concentration-dependent pathological processes: low concentrations continuously activated detoxification and tissue remodeling pathways, medium concentrations were dominated by sustained signaling pathway perturbations, and high concentrations exhibited energy depletion and amino acid metabolic disorders. WGCNA identified functionally distinct co-expression modules, constructing a dynamic model spanning homeostasis (Cyan module), defense (Blue, Green, and Purple modules), and adaptation (Yellow module). qRT-PCR validation of key CYP450 isoforms showed concentration- and time-dependent induction patterns, with sustained high expression even at 96 h under high concentration, corroborating the significant enrichment of the drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathway in the Yellow module. This study presents comprehensive analysis of time- and concentration-dependent phoxim effect on C. auratus liver cells gene transcription modulation.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2018
·
IF 4.61
Huike Dong,Guanghua Lu,Zhenhua Yan,Jianchao Liu,Yong Ji
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has long been produced and widely used due to its excellent water and oil repellent properties. However, this trend has facilitated to the ubiquitous existence of PFOA in environmental matrix, and the potential ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms has not been fully elucidated. To study the tissue-specific bioconcentration and the nervous system- and energy-related biochemical effects of PFOA, as well as the phenotypic alterations by this chemical, male crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) were exposed to gradient concentrations of PFOA (nominal 0.2, 10, 500 and 25,000 μg/L) in a flow-through apparatus for 7 days. PFOA was enriched in tissues following an order of blood > kidney ≥ liver > gill > brain > muscle. The bioconcentration factors ranged from 0.1 to 60.4. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the fish brain was inhibited, while liver carboxylesterase was induced in most cases and attenuated with time. The acyl-CoA oxidase activity was dose-dependently elevated and accompanied by a decline of ATP contents. PFOA treatments also inhibited the activity of the electron transport system (ETS). At the transcriptional level, ETS component complexes II and IV were concordantly depressed, and ATP synthesis was also downregulated. The mRNA level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α was increasingly upregulated, with related downstream genes upregulated in varying degrees. The phenotypes showed patterns of increased liver pathology and reduced swimming activity. In summary, PFOA leads to adverse effects in Carassius auratus related to multiple aspects, which may be associated with the nervous system, fundamental energy metabolism and other unpredictable factors. The results obtained in this study are expected to help clarify the PFOA toxic mechanisms on energy relevance.
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Animals
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 5
·698
·
IF 2.7
Xi Shi,Jiayin Xu,Yujie Hou,Zhen Wei,Lufang Guo,Xiao Ma,Limin Wu,Wenge Ma,Xue Tian,Khor Waiho,Xuejun Li
Simple SummaryThe sperm characteristics are various among fish species, which leads to different methods of sperm preservation for specific species. The sperm preservation technique for Qihe crucian carp, one of the major economic aquacultural fish species in China, has not been reported previously. This study aimed to construct the method of sperm preservation for Qihe crucian carp. The results showed that Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) was the best extender solution, and 15% MeOH and 20% DMSO were the optimal cryopreservation solutions for low-temperature storage and liquid nitrogen preservation, respectively. Further, under current conditions, an ultra-freezer (−80 °C) could not replace liquid nitrogen for sperm cryopreservation in Qihe crucian carp. This is the first study to investigate the preservation of Qihe crucian carp sperm, which will provide valuable technical support for both genetic resource conservation and artificial breeding programs.Qihe crucian carpCarassius auratusis one of the major economic aquacultural fish species in China. Due to environmental degradation and the impact of the reproduction mode of gynogenesis, the wild population of Qihe crucian carp exhibits an extremely low proportion of males. Therefore, it is imperative to develop the sperm preservation technology for Qihe crucian carp. In this study, the indicators, including sperm motility, sperm movement time, and sperm lifetime, were applied to evaluate the preservation effects of various extenders, cryoprotectant types and concentrations, and preservation manners, thus establishing the techniques of sperm short-term storage and cryopreservation for Qihe crucian carp. The results showed that HBSS was the most suitable extender solution, in which the sperm motility reached 93.00%. Under room temperature (26 °C), the sperm motility showed no significant differences across six different cryopreservation solutions. Under low temperature (4 °C), a 15% MeOH solution presented the most effective preservation effects of sperm in the short-term low-temperature storage. For cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, the sperm activity in 20% DMSO was significantly higher than that in other solutions, representing the optimal cryopreservation solution. Furthermore, it was found that the sperm activity preserved by liquid nitrogen was significantly higher than that preserved by the ultra-freezer (−80 °C), indicating that the ultra-freezer cannot substitute for liquid nitrogen in cryopreservation. This is the first study to investigate the preservation of Qihe crucian carp sperm, providing valuable technical support for both genetic resource conservation and artificial breeding programs.
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Antibiotics-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·377
·
IF 5.5
Jinlong Li,Liushen Lu,Kai Chen,Ting Qin,Jun Xie,Ping Fang,Bingwen Xi
Background/Objectives: The frequent use of antibiotics has led to increasing drug resistance inAeromonas hydrophila; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents to prevent and control bacterial diseases in aquaculture. Allicin E (ALE) is derived from garlic (Allium sativumL.), a plant extensively used in traditional medicine for treating infections. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ALE againstA. hydrophila, a major aquaculture pathogen, by investigating its antibacterial efficacy, mechanisms of action, and in vivo protective effects.Methods: The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were determined by broth microdilution. Antibacterial mechanisms were investigated through ROS detection, electron microscopy, fluorescent staining, and content leakage measurement. In vivo efficacy was evaluated inCarassius auratus gibelioby monitoring survival rates and bacterial loads, analyzing immune and antioxidant biomarkers, and histopathological analysis afterA. hydrophilachallenge.Results: ALE exhibited potent antibacterial activity (MIC = MBC = 8 μg/mL), achieving complete bacterial elimination within 1 h and showing a low resistance propensity. Mechanistically, ALE induced ROS accumulation, causing oxidative damage that disrupted membrane integrity and facilitated the leakage of cellular contents. In vivo, ALE significantly enhanced fish survival, reduced bacterial loads, modulated inflammatory cytokines, boosted antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT), and alleviated tissue damage.Conclusions: ALE possesses potent in vitro antibacterial activity and exerts an inhibitory effect on bacteria-induced inflammatory responses, effectively combatingA. hydrophilathrough a multi-target mechanism and enhancing host resistance.
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AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·Vol. 34
·期 7
·305
·
IF 3.5
Lu Liushen,Li Jinlong,Qin Ting,Chen Kai,Xie Jun,Ping Fang,Xi Bingwen
Aeromonas spp. are major pathogens severely affecting the Carassius auratus gibelio farming industry. The prolonged use of enrofloxacin (Enr) has led to reduced therapeutic efficacy, drug residues, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Simply increasing antibiotic dosage is unsustainable, and the core challenge lies in potentiating antibiotic efficacy without dose escalation. Here, we employed combination therapy using allicin E (ALE) as a potentiator of Enr and investigated its synergistic antibacterial activity, underlying mechanisms, and protective effects against A. hydrophila in C. auratus gibelio . In vitro, the combination of Enr and ALE exhibited broad-spectrum synergistic or additive activity against multiple aquatic pathogens, rapidly eradicating A. hydrophila without regrowth during the observation period. Mechanistically, the combination triggered a burst of bacterial reactive oxygen species (1.67-fold vs. control), leading to irreversible membrane damage and leakage of intracellular contents, and significantly inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted mature biofilms. In vivo, oral administration of the combination in C. auratus gibelio challenged with A. hydrophila significantly improved survival (66.6% vs. 26.6% in model), reduced bacterial loads in liver, spleen and kidney (by 70.9%, 81.3% and 72.9%, respectively, vs. model group), and mitigated oxidative damage by restored antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT) activity, decrease MDA, as well as attenuated inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage in spleen and kidney tissues. This is the first report of ALE potentiating Enr against A. hydrophila via a synergistic ROS-mediated membrane damage, validated in C. auratus gibelio , with approximately 50% Enr reduction potential.
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VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 2.2
Xiao Tu,Jiaxin Hu,Jinghao Peng,Qihan Chen,Yangle Zhao,Zemao Gu
Monogenean parasites are harmful pathogens in aquaculture systems. Current treatment strategies for monogenean infections are unsatisfactory, making the discovery of new drugs urgent. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural monoterpene isolated from Nigella sativa L., has demonstrated its potential as lead structure against the monogenean parasites. In the present study, the anthelmintic activity of 26 selected TQ analogues was investigated against the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus kobayashii in the goldfish ( Carassius auratus ). The results indicated that 18 TQ analogues displayed the EC 50 value below 1.0 mg/L, 14 of them showed more potent anthelmintic activity than TQ (EC 50 =0.303 mg/L). Particularly, compounds 9 and 23 exhibited the best efficacies with the EC 50 values of 0.058 and 0.034 mg/L, outperforming the standard drug praziquantel as well. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that large electron-donating substituents at the 2-position of the quinone ring contribute to enhanced in vivo anthelmintic activity. Additionally, four analogues ( 9 , 12 , 23 and 25 ) displayed low fish toxicity, with the therapeutic index (TI, LC 50 /EC 50 ) above 9.23, and were selected for further in silico drug‑likeness assessment. The results demonstrated an excellent drug-likeness profile and an adherence to major pharmaceutical companies’ filters for compounds 9 and 23 . Besides, TQ analogue 9 was chosen for an in vivo study in large-scale trial based on its potency, low fish toxicity, and excellent drug-likeness profiles. Treatment of G. kobayashii infected goldfish for 24 h at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L was effective, reducing the infection prevalence from 100 % to 0 % post-treatment. The experimental fish exhibited normal behavior, despite minor modifications were displayed in the gills and liver according to histopathological results. Collectively, this study suggested that TQ analogues are excellent scaffolds in the discovery of novel anthelmintic agents against monogenean infections.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
·
2013
·
IF 2.005
Qing Zheng,Mingbao Feng,Yong Dai
Phthalates (PAEs) are chemical agents typically used as plasticizers in numerous industrial products. They have become ubiquitous contaminants due to their tendency to release into the environment. The present study was conducted to investigate the comparative antioxidant responses in liver of freshwater goldfish Carassius auratus injected intraperitoneally with 17 different PAEs at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for 10 days. The results indicated that these PAEs can adversely affect the antioxidant status, confirmed by the significantly inhibited activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). Especially, the latter two enzymes constituted the most affected antioxidant enzymes after the exposure, and the lowest values were recorded for the catalase activity. The toxicity order was proposed via the integrated biomarker response, with dicyclohexyl phthalate the most toxic and diethyl phthalate the least. Overall, these findings may contribute to the risk assessments of these chemicals on aquatic species.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Yang Zhao,Minyu Wang,Weihua Chu
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been called "forever chemicals" due to their inherent chemical stability. Their potential toxic effects on aquatic animals and health risk assessments have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of PFASs at environmentally relevant concentrations (200 ng/L) on crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ). The results showed that PFAS reduced the comfort behaviour of crucian carp and was associated with reduced levels of acetylcholinesterase and dopamine in the brain. PFAS exposure also decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde. PFAS caused over-expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and stress-related genes Caspase-3 , HSP-70 in the fish brain. Pathological staining showed that PFAS caused multifocal demyelination and perineural vacuolization in brain, intestinal tissue also showed reduced villus length and focal damage. PFASs altered the composition of the gut microbiota of crucian carp, significantly increasing the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and the potential pathogenicity of the microbiota. It is suggested that PFASs may cause varying degrees of tissue damage by destabilising the gut microbiota. These results provide insights for assessing the toxicity of PFAS contaminants at aquatic environmental concentrations.
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