BIOREMEDIATION JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 2.14
Zhuo-yi Zhou,Yi-cheng Wu,Yi Kuang,Guan-zhu Lin,Hai-yan Fu,Ze-jie Wang
Ibuprofen, a most widely used anti-inflammatory drug, is frequently detectable in surface water, which might negatively affect the ecosystem. The present research investigated acute toxicity of ibuprofen to Chlorella vulgaris, and ibuprofen removal by C. vulgaris was also evaluated via a first order kinetic model. The results showed that ibuprofen in water has certain freshwater ecological risks, and ibuprofen-contaminated water can be effectively treated by C. vulgaris. The growth and the photosynthetic activity of C. vulgaris were decreased with the increase in ibuprofen exposure concentration, while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were markedly promoted. The dry weight of C. vulgaris exposed to 100 mg/L ibuprofen was determined as 0.238 ± 0.008 g/L, which was 60.82% of the control group (without added ibuprofen in medium). The capacity of C. vulgaris to ibuprofen removal was decreased with the increase in ibuprofen concentration. The removal efficiency reached to 67.25% after 10-day treatment at ibuprofen concentration of 25 mg/L, while that was just 32.77% when the ibuprofen concentration increased to 100 mg/L. The ibuprofen removal by C. vulgaris accorded with the first-order kinetic model, and the removal rate constants of C. vulgaris to different ibuprofen concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L) were determined as 0.115, 0.097, 0.093 and 0.043 d−1, respectively.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 2.87
Jiejun Xi,Jian Shao,Yuan Wang,Xiaoqin Wang,Hui Yang,Xinwei Zhang,Dongmei Xiong
Triflumizole is one of imidazole fungicides that works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis , and is widely used for the control of powdery mildew and scabs on various fruits and crops. Triflumizole residue has been frequently detected in soil and aquatic ecosystems . While many studies have focused on its toxic effect on terrestrial and aquatic animals, little attention has been paid to aquatic algae, the primary producers of aquatic environments . Therefore, we evaluated the acute (96 h) toxicity effects of triflumizole on the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris , by examining growth, cell morphology, photosynthesis , and oxidative stress . The results showed that the 96 h median inhibition concentration (96 h-EC 50 ) was 0.82 mg / L (95% confidential interval 0.70–0.98 mg/L).The growth of algal cells was conspicuously inhibited by triflumizole exposure, and the cell surfaces appeared to be shrunkThe chlorophyll content (including Chl-a, Chl-b and T-Chl) dramatically decreased at triflumizole concentrations of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L. In addition, the transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes ( psa B, psb C and rbc L) showed obvious decreases in above treatments after 96 h of exposure to triflumizole. Moreover, the algal growth inhibition was accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content, as well as increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase , indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation . Our findings reveal that triflumizole has potential toxicity to the primary producers (freshwater algae) in aquatic ecosystems.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 10.588
Qian Feng,Yabo Sun,An Li,Xiangang Lin,Tao Lu,Dan Ding,Menghan Shi,Yingqiang Sun,Yupeng Yuan
Booming graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) photocatalyzed water splitting increases crisis of aquatic contamination. However, a controversial understanding regarding effect of g-C 3 N 4 on growth of microalgae still exists. Accordingly, Chlorella vulgaris were cultured in 0–250 mg/L of g-C 3 N 4 with biomass named as C-0, C-50, C-100, C-150, C-200, and C-250, respectively. g-C 3 N 4 below 200 mg/L was beneficial to short-term cultivation of microalgae, while it was harmful to long-time cultivation. Protein factions of C-0, C-100, and C-250 were 41.4, 42.3, and 36.4 wt%, while their lipid factions varied from 21.5, 16.9, to 17.8 wt%, respectively. In short-term cultivation, superoxide dismutase’s activity of C-0, C-150, and C-250 increased dramatically, while accumulated H 2 O 2 led to increased activity of catalase . However, it started to decrease once antioxidant enzymes were per-oxidized, leading to increase of malondialdehyde content. In long-term cultivation, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde content decreased dramatically owning to peroxidation of algae. Scavenger tests with tertiary butanol and triethanolamine implied that·OH was dominate parameter affecting growth of microalgae. This work indicates that g-C 3 N 4 below 200 mg/L is propitious to short-term cultivation of microalgae, while it is bad to long-time cultivation of microalgae, revealing dual rules of g-C 3 N 4 in Chlorella vulgaris cultivation.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
·
2013
·Vol. 36
·期 5
·733-739
·
IF 1.366
C. Prommuak,P. Pavasant,A. T. Quitain,M. Goto,A. Shotipruk
Biodiesel and valuable free lutein were demonstrated to be simultaneously produced from Chlorella vulgaris lipid extracts. The alkali catalyst used in the transesterification of triglycerides acted as a reactant in converting lutein fatty acid esters to free lutein. A maximum biodiesel yield of 33.6 % by weight of the algal lipids was obtained after a 4-h reaction with MeOH at the MeOH/biomass ratio of 16:1 using 6 % alkali catalyst. The excess of alkali and MeOH employed in the production of biodiesel ensured the complete saponification of all lutein fatty acid esters to free lutein, giving a maximum yield of 2.3 % by weight of the algal lipids. In addition, a process for the separation of the biodiesel and free lutein products from the reaction mixture is proposed. Finally, a preliminary economic assessment was conducted, the results of which suggest that the process for the simultaneous production of biodiesel and lutein from C. vulgaris may be economically feasible.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2024
·Vol. 2024
·期 1
·3828251
·
IF 3.5
Yan Wang,Xiao Kong,Mengdi Du,Yang Qiao,Minjie Ye,Bing Han,Jing Gan
Chlorella , a single-celled green algae rich in proteins, holds promise as a source of bioactive peptides. This research aimed to isolate an antioxidant peptide from Chlorella , examining its stability through digestion. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), we identified optimal hydrolysis conditions for Chlorella Protein Hydrolysate (CPH): 55°C, pH 8.75, and an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 2.15%. These conditions led to CPH with notable radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (53.19 ± 0.99%), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (76.86 ± 0.28%), hydroxyl radical (53.39 ± 1.74%), and Fe 2+ chelating rates of 22.56 ± 2.97%. Subsequently, peptides under 3 kDa isolated by ultrafication proved particularly stable and antioxidative after in vitro digestion. In addition, further purify to obtain component C1 with DPPH radical scavenging ability of 59.62 ± 1.29% and an Fe 2+ chelating ability of 49.78 ± 1.55%. Subsequent LC-MS/MS identification and virtual screening led to the discovery of a stable and antioxidative peptide, Ser-Gly-His-His-Lys-Pro-Leu (SGHHKPL). The study provides the theoretical basis for the development and utilization of chlorella .
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Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Jirong Long,Wenguang Zhou,Jing Cao,Yuxuan Mao,Peilun Xu,Jin Liu,Yanghong Yao,Chenguang Wang,Yong Liu
Sporopollenin is a chemically robust biopolymer known for its resistance to environmental degradation and diverse functional potential. This study pioneers the successful extraction of sporopollenin from Chlorella vulgaris cultured in coal-fired flue gas using an innovative alkali-acid two-stage protocol. Multiscale characterization revealed that, despite its irregular morphology, microalgal sporopollenin shares high structural similarity with pollen-derived counterparts. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirmed similar functional groups and elemental profiles. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified fatty acids as the major structural units, while solid-state 13 C SSNMR spectroscopy revealed a hybrid architecture comprising aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic components. These findings provide molecular insight into the evolutionary continuity of sporopollenin and highlight a scalable, green approach for transforming industrial emissions into high-value biomaterials.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Wei Cai,Shengpeng Xia,Liang Zhu,Yixiao Shi,Zhongqing Ma
Microalgae are promising renewable feedstocks for thermochemical conversion due to their rapid growth, high biochemical diversity, and non-competition with food resources. However, the synergistic interactions among carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids during microalgae pyrolysis remain insufficiently understood, hindering the rational control of product distribution. In this study, an improved extraction protocol was developed to obtain high-purity carbohydrate, protein, and lipid fractions from Chlorella vulgaris , enabling systematic evaluation of component-specific and interactive effects during pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted using both the extracted fractions and representative model compounds (glucose, aspartic acid, and glycerol monostearate), with product evolution analyzed by Py-GC/MS. The extracted components exhibited thermal decomposition behaviors comparable to those of their corresponding model compounds, confirming the validity of the extraction strategy and model selection. Carbohydrate-protein co-pyrolysis promoted Maillard reactions between amino and carbonyl groups, significantly enhancing the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyridines and pyrroles. In contrast, protein–lipid interactions favored carbonization pathways, increasing biochar yields while suppressing bio-oil formation. Carbohydrate–lipid co-pyrolysis displayed limited synergy, primarily due to overlapping decomposition pathways and chemically similar oxygenated products. Overall, this work elucidates component-dependent synergistic mechanisms in microalgae pyrolysis and provides a validated framework for predicting and regulating product distributions from microalgal biomass.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Jiamin Xu,Shuyue Wang,Peng Peng,Shujuan Zhang
Microalgae-based system represents a promising and eco-friendly solution for mitigating antibiotic pollution. However, their efficacy is often compromised by antibiotics stress. Here, we demonstrate that acetylacetone (AA), a natural small molecule with potential to regulate microalgal growth and metabolism, significantly alleviates tetracycline (TC) toxicity in Chlorella vulgaris , enhancing TC removal in aquaculture wastewater from 1 mg L -1 to 0.01 mg L -1 . The AA-treated effluent showed no significant developmental toxicity to wheat and negligible antibiotic resistance gene propagation. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that AA restores cellular homeostasis in microalgae by counteracting TC-induced oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation, thereby sustaining removal performance under stressful conditions. This stress-regulation mechanism enables robust microalgae-based antibiotic degradation while preserving aquatic ecological safety, providing a sustainable strategy for antibiotic-containing wastewater treatment.
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Water
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 10
·1355
·
IF 3.103
Zhineng Dai,Xing Luo,Aili Yang,Jinsong Wang,Haiyan Fu,Yicheng Wu
Triclosan has been widely used as addition ingredient in personal care and medical antibacterial products, and the increasing amounts of triclosan discharged in aquatic environments pose a potential risk to aquatic ecological systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to varying triclosan concentrations on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity ofChlorella vulgaris. The results showed that low-concentration triclosan (<0.75 mg/L) can stimulate the growth ofChlorella vulgaris, whereas 1.05 mg/L triclosan exhibited significant inhibition. Low-concentration triclosan (<0.75 mg/L) could improve the tolerance and utilization ability ofChlorella vulgarisin relation to strong light. We observed a significant increase in the malondialdehyde content ofChlorella vulgarisexposed to 1.05 mg/L triclosan. The intracellular superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activities ofChlorella vulgarisexposed to triclosan were higher than the control groups, and the increase in this activity was positively correlated with the concentration of triclosan. The results also showed that excessive H2O2may in turn damage the CAT structure and eventually inactivate CAT activity whenChlorella vulgarisis exposed to 1.05 mg/L triclosan. This study provided a theoretical basis which can be used to evaluate the ecological risk of triclosan in the aquatic environment.Keywords:triclosan;Chlorella vulgaris;eco-toxicological effect;chlorophyll fluorescence
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 6.669
Huan Li,Yun Zhang,Jiuyi Liu,Zhensheng Shen,An Li,Tian Ma,Qian Feng,Yingqiang Sun
The aim of this work was to study the biotreatment of mixed wastewaters collected from two points of MnO 2 industry by Chlorella vulgaris . Their growth rates in four mixed wastewaters with mass ratio of wastewater 1 # :2 # of 20:1, 50:1, 100:1, and 200:1 were characterized, and the lag phase was shortened with increase of nitrate concentrations. The N, P, and metal removal kinetics were quantified each other day to evaluate the bio-treatment efficiencies of high-nitrate wastewaters from MnO 2 industry. 84.68% and 98% of N, P has been removed. The Ca, Zn, Mn, and Si in mixed wastewaters was removed with maximum removal efficiencies of 97.91%, 99.37%, 99.44%, and 81.68%, respectively. The compositions of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in mixed wastewaters, including proteins, lipids, ash contents, and carbohydrates, were investigated in detail. The optimum HHV of Chlorella vulgaris about 18 MJ/Kg presented a potential to decrease the cost of algal biofuel.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2016
·Vol. 23
·期 19
·19450-19460
·
IF 2.76
Zhou Qiongzhi,Li Feng,Ge Fei,Liu Na,Kuang Yangduo
Toxicants are generally harmful to biotechnology in wastewater treatment. However, trace toxicant can induce microbial hormesis, but to date, it is still unknown how this phenomenon affects nutrient removal during municipal wastewater treatment process. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of hormesis induced by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a representative quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, on nutrient removal by Chlorella vulgaris F1068. Results showed that when the concentration of CTAB was less than 10 ng/L, the cellular components chlorophyll a , proteins, polysaccharides, and total lipids increased by 10.11, 58.17, 38.78, and 11.87 %, respectively, and some enzymes in nutrient metabolism of algal cells, such as glutamine synthetase (GS), acid phosphatase (ACP), H + -ATPase, and esterase, were also enhanced. As a result, the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH 4
+ ) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 14.66 and 8.51 %, respectively, compared to the control during a 7-day test period. The underlying mechanism was mainly due to an enhanced photosynthetic activity of C. vulgaris F1068 indicated by the increase in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (the value of Fv / Fm , ΦII, Fv / Fo , and rETR increased by 12.99, 7.56, 25.59, and 8.11 %, respectively) and adenylate energy charge (AEC) (from 0.68 to 0.72). These results suggest that hormesis induced by trace toxicants could enhance the nutrient removal, which would be further considered in the design of municipal wastewater treatment processes.
The schematic mechanism of C. vulgaris F1068 under CTAB induced hormesis. Green arrows ( ) represent the increase and the red arrow ( ) represents the decrease.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 30
·期 5
·12125-12137
·
IF 5.19
Yan Jin,Zou Ying,Zhang Fengrui,Zhang Shenghua,Huang Xinyue,Benoit Gaboury
Although the addition of triclosan (TCS) in consumer products has been strictly restricted, its continuous applications in hospitals and other medical facilities and its numerous residues still pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the growth, biochemical alterations, and physiological responses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to different concentrations of TCS. The potential toxicity mechanisms associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of photosynthetic system II (PSII) were also analyzed. The results indicated that the growth, cellular ultrastructure, and physiology of C. vulgaris were severely affected by TCS in a dose-effect dependent manner. TCS inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris , leading to mitochondria enlargement, the disordering of the arrangement of thylakoids, cell wall rupture, organelles loss, and the cytoplasm lysis. TCS induced severe oxidative damage characterized by ROS accumulation, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, in TCS-induced algal cells, the main sites of ROS accumulation were chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cell membranes, with ROS accumulating most in the mitochondria. In addition, TCS caused damage to the reaction center (RC inactivation), donor side (OEC damage), and accepted side (electron transport from Q A to Q B ) of PSII in C. vulgaris , leading to inhibition of photosynthetic activity. These results could provide novel insights into the mechanisms of TCS-induced ROS accumulation and photosynthetic inhibition in C. vulgaris , which would contribute to a deep understanding of TCS toxicity on algae.
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