BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
·
2026
·
IF 7
Die Gao,Zhengyu Guo,Hui Ma,Huimin Cao,Leiyu Liu,Jingliang Xu,Shen Zhang
Xylose, a primary sugar component of lignocellulosic biomass, is isomers or epimers of many high-value or rare added pentose. Traditional utilization of xylose predominantly involves dehydration to furfural or hydrogenation to xylitol. In this work, we prepared a carbon-supported molybdenum disulfide catalyst (MoS 2 @C) via a hydrothermal pretreatment, which facilities multi-step isomerization of xylose toward three high-value monosaccharides: lyxose, arabinose, and ribose. NH 3 -TPD and EPR characterizations proved that abundant MoS 2 and S vacancy sites are generated on carbon surface. S 2− species function as Lewis basic sites to stabilize key intermediates and facilitates hydrogen transfer. These dual-functional sites jointly promote a sequential isomerization and epimerization of xylose pathways. Multi-isomerization process of xylose was occurred by MoS 2 @C at 120°C. The isomers and epimers including lyxose (20.06%), arabinose (15.87%), and ribose (10.84%) were obtained in water. A multi-step reaction sequence includes sequential 1,2-hydrogen migration and carbon skeleton rearrangement, leading to synthesis of arabinose and ribose. Furthermore, a mechanistic hypothesis for multi-isomerization process of xylose by MoS 2 @Carbon catalyst was proposed, sulfur species promote hydrogen transfer and carbon rearrangement through nucleophilic attack and vacancy-assisted mechanisms. This study provides an effective catalyst design strategy and mechanistic basis for the conversion of xylose into high-value products using molybdenum disulfide.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Jie Bai,Yongchun Huang,Yuling Zhao,Lirong Zhang,Fuli Zhu,Yixizhuoma,Yuxin Weng,Shoude Zhang
The structural characterization of polysaccharides requires precise determination of their monosaccharide composition, including the differentiation of D- and L-configurations. Current analytical methods can identify monosaccharide types but often fail to distinguish between enantiomeric configurations, posing a significant challenge for accurate polysaccharide structural elucidation. This study introduces a robust, accurate, and reproducible ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method to address this limitation. By utilizing ( S )-(−)-1-phenylethylamine (S-PEA) as a chiral derivatizing reagent, monosaccharide enantiomers are converted into diastereomers through the introduction of a new chiral center. This approach enables the simultaneous determination of D/L configurations for aldoses, amino sugars, alditols, and uronic acids, achieving excellent chromatographic baseline separation. Method validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R 2 > 0.9900) within the range of 2.5–160 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.04 to 0.11 μg/mL and 0.13–0.35 μg/mL, respectively, indicating high sensitivity. Accuracy was confirmed with recovery rates between 97.23% and 100.67%, while intra- and inter-day precision RSDs were below 3.54%. The method was successfully applied to characterize the monosaccharide composition of six plant-derived polysaccharides, demonstrating its efficacy in identifying both structural types and absolute configurations. These findings establish the proposed method as a valuable tool for advancing the comprehensive structural analysis of polysaccharides.
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 2.5
Wang Zhao,Jiansong Chen,Haishun Du,Zhiqiang Pang,Weiqi Wei,Xuejun Pan
Furfural is a pivotal intermediate in the biomass conversion. Therefore, the production of furfural from xylose or xylose-rich biomass has received extensive attention. Herein, a series of boron phosphate solid acid catalysts (BPs) were synthesized by self-assembly and high-temperature calcination, and used for the production of furfural from xylose or xylose-rich biomass. The results showed that the synthesized BPs was spherical nanoparticles and containing both Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites, which was excellent for xylose conversion to furfural. The maximum furfural yield of this work was 82.8 % and achieved through 95.7 % xylose conversion by using 20 mg BP 1.25 at a reaction temperature of 130 °C for 120 min with a LiBr⋅3H 2 O/dichloromethane (DCM) biphasic system. Noteworthy, the recycling experiments indicated that both the BP 1.25 catalyst and the LiBr⋅3H 2 O can be reused at least four times with a furfural yield remaining ≥61.7 %. Last but not least, the prepared BP 1.25 catalyst also displayed high efficiency for xylose-rich natural biomass such as corncob and bagasse conversion into furfural. The work not only developed a new system for easy conversion of xylose into furfural, but also realized the high yield production of furfural from natural biomass without components separation.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Xin Xin,Qi Zhang,Sujun Yan,Zilong Chen,Xinhai Zhu
Background Monosaccharides and disaccharides are central components of carbohydrate metabolism, and fluctuations in their abundances are closely associated with disease onset, progression, and diagnostic outcomes. However, accurate analysis of trace-level saccharides in complex biological matrices remains challenging due to their limited chromatographic retention, modest ionization efficiency, and limited MS/MS fragmentation. Derivatization has been widely explored to improve analytical performance in LC-MS-based saccharide analysis; nevertheless, further development of simple, sensitive, and broadly applicable strategies is desirable, particularly for small-volume and low-abundance biological samples. This work presents an efficient derivatization-LC-MS approach enabling ultrasensitive quantification of saccharides under microscale analytical conditions. Results A derivatization strategy based on 2-hydrazinyl-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole (HMBT) was developed to enhance LC-MS analysis of monosaccharides and disaccharides. The mild reaction generated stable derivatives directly compatible with LC-MS. HMBT tagging significantly improved chromatographic retention and separation on conventional C18 columns and markedly enhanced ionization efficiency. The derivatives produced high-intensity precursor ions and a dominant, highly responsive product ion, enabling ultrasensitive MRM detection on a triple-quadrupole system. Using nine representative saccharides, the method achieved excellent quantitative linearity down to 10 pg·mL −1 . Application to mouse serum enabled the quantification of glucose at single-cell-equivalent levels, and spiked galactose showed a linear range of 0.05–100 ng·mL −1 . Importantly, the workflow enabled quantification of five endogenous saccharides in individual HeLa cells. Significance The HMBT derivatization workflow provides an ultrahigh-sensitivity LC-MS platform for saccharide analysis, enabling robust MRM-based quantification at pg·mL −1 levels. Its operational simplicity, minimal sample handling, and full compatibility with conventional LC-MS instrumentation facilitate practical implementation. The demonstrated applicability to true single-cell measurements highlights its potential for glycometabolic studies in microscale biological systems.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Yuqi Peng,Si Long,Yuqing Zhong,JiaJia Chen,Zhi Chen,Xin Ju,Liangzhi Li
Lignocellulosic monosaccharides are valuable substrates for the production of high value-added chemicals. An enzymatic cascade was previously developed to convert two main biomass monosaccharides, D-xylose and d -glucose synergistically and produce rare sugars of D-xylulose and D-arabitol. However, the conversion of D-xylose was less than 80%, resulting in low reaction efficiency and tedious separation issues. In this study, the reaction was reevaluated from the viewpoint of enzyme adaption, and the isomerization of D-xylose was conducted by glucose isomerases instead of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B to overcome the limitation of conversion. Under fine-tuned reaction conditions, glucose isomerases from Streptomyces rubiginosus (SrGI) and Piromyces sp. (PsGI) were combined with the arabitol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter sp. JX-05 (GsArDH) and glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium IWG3 (BmGDH), to convert D-xylose completely at 100 mM. In comparison, SrGI performed better than PsGI in the cascade system and the reaction was finished in 2 h. However, higher substrate concentrations led to uncompleted conversion of D-xylose due to substrate inhibition. This study demonstrated the feasibility of systematic refinement of lignocellulosic monosaccharides, achieved complete conversion of D-xylose, and provided insights relevant to the utilization potential of biomass lignocellulose.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Jialing Li,Haibo Xu,Jingru Chang,Xiaoyang He,Yujuan Zhu,Yihua Bai,Mingqian Tan,Wentao Su
Effective freshness monitoring is essential for aquatic products to ensure food safety and reduce waste. To overcome the limitations of stability and sensitivity in colorimetric films, we developed a novel composite film by integrating a tannic acid-Fe 2+ (TF) chelate with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The TF chelate served as multifunctional indicator, providing distinct color responses to NH₃, DMA, and TMA while enhancing hydrophobicity, UV-blocking, and thermal stability. DESs incorporation significantly improved mechanical properties (elongation at break up to 600%) and drastically enhanced sensitivity, enabling visible color changes within 1 min due to increased surface roughness (1.78 to 3.97 nm), hygroscopicity (1.8% to 5.6% at 33% RH), and water vapor permeability (0.4 to 0.8 g·mm/(m 2 ·h·kPa)). In salmon monitoring, the film showed clear color transitions. Deep learning-assisted analysis achieved over 97% accuracy in freshness classification. Overall, the films show strong potential for freshness monitoring of aquatic products.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 74
·期 30
·23556-23575
·
IF 6.7
Li Wennian,Huang Yujie,Su Hualing,Nong Jiale,Liang Wenyu,Liu Yonghong,Zhao Longyan,Yuan Qingxia
Pectic
polysaccharides hold therapeutic potential for ulcerative
colitis (UC). This study reports the first isolation of two structurally
distinct pectins from Avicennia marina fruit pericarp: AMPP-2-1 (158 kDa), a rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I)-rich
pectin with galactan branches and intricate arabinan side chains rich
in β-Ara f terminals; and AMPP-2-2 (16 kDa),
a low-molecular-weight homogalacturonan (HG)-rich pectin with unsaturated
Gal p A at the nonreducing ends. Both pectins significantly
ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate-induced UC by suppressing inflammation,
restoring intestinal barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbiota
to enrich beneficial bacteria while depleting pathogenic bacteria,
alongside promoting short-chain fatty acid production. Low-molecular-weight
HG showed greater ameliorative effects than RG-I under the present
experimental conditions. These findings establish that pectins may
contribute, at least in part, to the intestinal benefits of A. marina fruits in traditional use, expanding the
structural diversity and biomedical applications of pectic polysaccharides
from underexplored plant resources.
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Food Bioscience
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Yue Tang,Xin Ju,Yuqi Peng,Zhicheng Xie,Wei Liu,Jiaolong Fu,Jiajia Chen,Liangzhi Li
D-Arabitol is a naturally occurring pentitol widely used as a low-calorie sweetener and functional ingredient in food formulations. However, microbial production from biomass-derived D-xylose remains constrained by low product titers, limited conversion yields, and the lack of efficient engineered xylose-utilizing strains. In this study, the osmotolerant yeast Trichosporonoides oedocephalis was engineered to produce D-arabitol from D-xylose through the introduction of a heterologous XI (xylose isomerase)-ArDH (arabitol dehydrogenase) pathway. Fermentation conditions relevant to high-sugar food systems were systematically optimized. Compared with the addition of 0.5 g/L KCl (yielding 17.69 g/L D-arabitol), supplementation with 30 g/L KCl significantly increased D-arabitol production, reaching 35.13 g/L in shake flasks and 43.91 g/L in a 5-L bioreactor. Semi-batch fermentation further increased the final titer to 55.21 g/L with a yield of 0.280 g/g. Kinetic analysis indicated predominantly growth-associated D-arabitol formation under these conditions (Luedeking-Piret coefficient, α = 0.61). Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that KCl supplementation induced phase-dependent physiological responses, including enrichment of nucleotide metabolism and coordinated transcriptional regulation of central carbon metabolism during exponential growth, as well as increased expression of sugar transport and protein maintenance pathways during the stationary phase. These changes were accompanied by elevated activities of xylose isomerase and arabitol dehydrogenase, suggesting that salt stress is associated with efficient carbon utilization and the biosynthesis of polyols. Importantly, KCl represents a food-compatible and physiologically relevant process regulator, highlighting the potential of salt-mediated metabolic regulation for food-related polyol fermentations. These findings provide an effective strategy for food-related D-arabitol production from xylose and offer insights into salt-associated metabolic regulation in yeast.
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MOLECULES
·
2025
·Vol. 30
·期 13
·2675
·
IF 4.6
Maoru Xu,Yanfeng Duan,Hongfu Li,Shoulin He,Xingyu Zi,Yanting Zhao,Cheng Jiao,Xiaoyun Li
Lignocellulose is an important renewable biomass resource. However, at present, there is a lack of efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic systems that can selectively convert lignocellulose components into high-value sugars, and the value realization of agricultural waste (such as straw) remains challenging. Carbon-based solid acids are used in the valorization of biomass due to their simple preparation and excellent catalytic performance. In this study, the magnetic carbon microspheres catalyst was prepared using concentrated sulfuric acid and hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid as sulfonating agents. Two sulfonation catalysts were applied to the hydrolysis of typical agricultural waste (rice straw). The performance of catalyst conversion to reducing sugar was compared, and the glucose yield was lower than 30%. The sulfonation catalyst of hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid obtained a higher yield of pentose (76.67%) than that of concentrated sulfuric acid (74.25%) in 110 min. The optimal reaction conditions were found: substrate was 0.04 g straw, catalyst was 0.04 g, H2O/γ-valerolactone ratio was 8:2 in the solvent, and the reaction time was 110 min at 140 °C. Under these conditions, the sulfonation properties of hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid as a green sulfonating agent are similar to those of concentrated sulfuric acid. Its excellent catalytic performance is attributed to the medium B/L acid density ratio on the catalyst surface. In addition, the prepared catalyst can be effectively separated from the reaction residue in the catalytic system. This work provides a green catalytic system for the high-value utilization of agricultural waste from renewable carbon sources.
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Food Chemistry-X
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Jing-Liu He,Kai-Xin Jiang,Ting Wei,Jin-Lei Geng,Zi-Fan Zhao,Jing Feng,Jie Li,Hong-Yan Liu,Shang Lin,Ding-Tao Wu
To utilize thinned young kiwifruit for potential industrial applications, this study compared structural properties and in vitro bioactivities of pectic polysaccharides isolated from three thinned young red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars, including Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Donghong’, ‘Hongshi’, and ‘Hongyang’. The results demonstrated that these young kiwifruit byproducts were rich in pectic polysaccharides, with extraction yields of 90.7–101.3 mg/g dry weight. Although their bound polyphenols (8.02–8.93 mg GAE/100 mg), esterification degrees (50.45–61.32 %), and molecular weights (7.44 × 10 4 –8.51 × 10 4 Da) varied across cultivars, the glycosidic linkage patterns showed remarkable consistency, dominated by homogalacturonan (12.07–13.84 mol%) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (70.25–75.09 mol%) regions. Notably, all these pectic polysaccharides, particularly those isolated from the ‘Donghong’ cultivar, demonstrated notable antioxidant, antiglycation, prebiotic, and immunoenhancing activities in vitro . These findings indicate that thinned red-fleshed kiwifruit byproducts are rich sources of RG-I enriched pectic polysaccharides, with significant potential as functional food ingredients.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Qi Yu,Wentao Yan,Tao Liu,Jing Zhou,Hui Chen,Guorong Fan,Zongde Wang,Limin Lu,Lan Zhang
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) threatens food safety due to its persistence in oils. Carbon-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods are effective for detecting AFB1 in aqueous food matrices, but employing it in oils is challenging due to non-polar environments. We developed highly graphitized carbon materials (HGC) with enhanced π-π interactions for AFB1 extraction in oil through a transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-assisted carbonization process. Adsorption experiments revealed that FeO/Fe 3 O 4 /HGC exhibited a superior AFB1 adsorption capacity of 1179.99 μg g −1 , outperforming Ni/Co-HGC and pure carbon by 4–6 times. Density functional theory revealed the electron-deficient graphitized carbon structures supported by magnetic FeO/Fe 3 O 4 clusters enhance π-π interactions with AFB1, with pore filling and hydrophobicity further aiding adsorption. Combining FeO/Fe 3 O 4 /HGC-SPE with HPLC-FLD achieved ultra-sensitive AFB1 detection in vegetable oils (2.0 pg g −1 limit). This study provides an effective method for AFB1 detection in vegetable oils, supporting the monitoring and control of contamination to enhance food safety.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Weiwei Wu,Yanming Tuo,Zhihui Wang,Na Chen,Yuxue Jiang,Chuanjiu Wu,Yongquan Xu,Wen Zeng,Weijiang Sun
Tea flowers and seeds, non-leaf organs of Camellia sinensis , are often discarded, leading to inefficient resource utilization. This study evaluated the potential of tea flowers and seeds by preparing white teas from fresh leaves (WT), flowers (WTF), and seeds (WTS) of Camellia sinensis cv. Fuding Dabaicha. Sensory evaluation, targeted metabolomics, and molecular simulations were used to investigate taste components and their impact on pleasantness. WTF exhibited the highest pleasantness score (6.60), followed by WTS (6.36) and WT (6.10). Four sugars— d -fructose, glucose, D-galactose, and D-xylose—synergistically enhanced pleasantness, with a dose-dependent increase, especially d -fructose. Molecular simulations showed these sugars formed a stable binding network with the CHRM1 receptor (−60.04 kcal/mol), with d -fructose as the key contributor. Alanine scanning identified ARG123 as a critical binding residue. This study provides support for the high-value utilization of tea flowers and seeds and offers insights into enhancing the pleasantness of tea beverages.
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