Frontiers in Materials
·
2022
·
IF 3.985
Chang Shuangshuang,Jia Yanhong,Du Xin,Guo Shaoqiang
Pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuels uses the LiCl–KCl molten salt as an electrolyte, which contains dissolved fission products and can be very corrosive to the structural alloys. This study investigates the effect of EuCl3 on the corrosion behavior of four commercial alloys: Haynes C276, Inconel 600, Incoloy 800, and 316L stainless steel. Static immersion tests and electrochemical polarization measurements were carried out in molten LiCl–KCl salts with and without EuCl3 additives at 500°C. The results showed that the presence of EuCl3 caused the severe dissolution of Ni, Fe, and Cr from alloys, accompanied by the cathodic reduction of EuCl3 to EuCl2. All alloys suffered from intergranular dissolution and cracking, with additional pitting and void attacks for Incoloy 800 and 316L stainless steel.
研究领域:
材料科学
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核能工程
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 46
·26718-26728
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IF 3.049
Wei Han,Wenlong Li,Jiazhuang Chen,Mei Li,Zhuyao Li,Yongchang Dong,Milin Zhang
Cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, linear polarization, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry were performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of Y(III) on W and Pb electrodes in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts. The diffusion coefficient of Y(III) measured by various techniques was in the order of 10−5. The nucleation of Y on W electrode was found to comply with the instantaneous nucleation mechanism. With increasing temperature, the exchange current densities increased and the charge-transfer resistances decreased, and exchange current densities are distinctly larger on liquid Pb electrode compared with W electrode. In addition, the co-deposition mechanism of Y(III) and Pb(II) on W electrode was also studied and four Pb–Y intermetallics could be detected. The feasibility of extraction metallic Y from the melts was explored by co-deposition on W electrode and under-potential deposition on liquid Pb electrode and the extracted products consisted of Pb3Y and Pb phases.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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2023
·Vol. 67
·期 1
·S78
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IF 2.1
Han H. J.,Ma J. J.,Xing K. Q.,Shao D. X.,Zhong S. K.
Abstract In this work, the equal-water activities for the ternary system LiCl−KCl−H 2 O and its sub-binary systems LiCl−H 2 O were determined using an isopiestic method at 323.15 K. The determined isopiestic composition lines for the LiCl−KCl−H 2 O system were found to deviated Zdanovskii rule high with increasing ionic strength of the mixture solution. The addition of KCl to an aqueous solution of LiCl was found to decrease and increase the water activity at low and high LiCl molality. The Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) model was used to represent the experimental determined water activities of the titled system and the calculated values are discussed. Based on the calculated results, the turning point appears at about 17.0 mol kg −1 LiCl solution.
研究领域:
化学
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物理化学
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DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2015
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IF 4.504
Yanqing Cai,Hongxia Liu,Qian Xu,Qiushi Song,Liang Xu
The in-situ preparation of LiCl–KCl–ZrCl 4 melt was investigated by the replacement reaction between Zr and CuCl in LiCl–KCl melt at 500 °C, and the reaction progress was also investigated by a series of electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry , square wave voltammetry and open circuit chronopotentiometry . The electrochemical signals show that the concentration of Zr(IV) ions increases gradually and then reaches to the maximum value with the reaction time increasing from 0 to 180 min, while the concentration of Cu(I) ions decreases rapidly and drops to below the detection limit of the electrochemical tests. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Cu and Zr ions in the melt were determined over time by chemical analysis in the course of reaction. The results are in good agreement with the electrochemical tests. Finally, LiCl–KCl melts with (0.837 wt.% ∼ 1.709 wt.%) ZrCl 4 are obtained, and the final concentration of Cu(I) in the melt has dropped to below 0.025 wt.% when the reaction lasted for 180 min.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2024
·Vol. 171
·期 12
·122503
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IF 3.1
Yanhong Jia,Hong Zhang,Ahmet Burak Çubuk,Biao Wu,Shaoqiang Guo
A mesh-type assembly and stirrer assembly were developed to improve the performance of liquid cadmium cathodes for the electrodeposition of U and Ce from LiCl-KCl molten salt at 773 K. The thermodynamic basis for electrodepositing U and Ce was established through the calculation of equilibrium potentials and cyclic voltammograms, while also examining the co-deposition of Li. Thereafter, U and Ce electrodeposition was performed by galvanostatic electrolysis, and the current efficiency was determined. It was found that both assemblies effectively hampered the growth of U dendrites and Ce-Cd dendritic alloys. However, the utilization of the mesh-type assembly resulted in a greater current efficiency for U, with the maximum deposited amount attaining 7.7 wt% U/Cd without causing U dendrites formation. In contrast, the current efficiency for Ce was enhanced after using the stirrer assembly due to an improved diffusion flux of Ce ions. Finally, cathode deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, which revealed that disrupted fine U dendrites were randomly scattered in the Cd bulk, and that the CeCd11 dendritic alloys were also damaged, leading to an increased atomic ratio of Ce to Cd at the Cd bottom.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2024
·
IF 4.1
Yuncong Ding,Xiaorui Xu,Xinyu Zhang,Chengyu Wang,Wentao Zhou,Yafei Wang
In the present study, cyclic voltammetry was performed to investigate CeCl 3 in a LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt at various concentrations. The results indicate that the overlap degree of cyclic voltammograms at different cycles deteriorates with the increasing CeCl 3 concentration in the molten salt. This phenomenon was attributed to higher concentrations of CeCl 3 , which led to a non-uniform film on the electrode surface. This was evidenced by material characterization of the working electrode after cyclic voltammetry (CV) testing and the simulated cyclic voltammograms of a reversible electrochemical reaction. This study will provide new insights that enhance our understanding of the electrochemistry of the CeCl 3 -LiCl-KCl system and offer valuable reference for other soluble-insoluble electrochemical systems.
研究领域:
物理化学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2021
·Vol. 168
·期 8
·082512
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IF 4.316
Nan Ji,Tiejian Zhu,Hao Peng,Feng Jiang,Wei Huang,Yu Gong
In the common spent fuels, actinides and fission products are generally in the form of oxide, so direct dealing with oxide will be the most convenient way for spent fuel reprocessing. In this work, the electrolytic reduction of Gd2O3 has been studied in LiCl-KCl-Li2O (1 wt%) melts at different conditions, and the effect of sintering temperature on the porosity of Gd2O3 powder and the electrochemical behavior of Li2O in LiCl-KCl molten salt were investigated, too. The diffusion coefficient of O2− was calculated to be 2.0 × 10−5 cm2·s−1 in LiCl-KCl melts on the Mo electrode at 923 K by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrode process of Gd2O3 powder was also analyzed in LiCl-KCl-Li2O (1 wt%) melts, and the formation process of composite oxide LiGdO2 was determined. By the analysis of XRD and oxygen content characterization, it was suggested that after 74 h electrolysis (923 K, 3.40 V), the oxygen content of Gd2O3 cathode decreased from 12.25 wt% to 1.41 wt%, indicating 88.5% Gd2O3 was reduced to metal.
研究领域:
核化学与核燃料循环
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2019
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IF 2.298
Rui-Zhi Cui,Wu Li,Ya-Ping Dong
The phase equilibria relationship between the quaternary system LiCl–KCl–Li2SO4–K2SO4–H2O and its subsystems LiCl–KCl–H2O and LiCl–Li2SO4–H2O was studied by the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method at 288.15 K, and the corresponding phase diagrams were drawn. At 288.15 K, ternary systems LiCl–KCl–H2O and LiCl–Li2SO4–H2O all belong to the simple type. In the phase diagram of the quaternary system LiCl–KCl–Li2SO4–K2SO4–H2O, there are five equilibrium solid phase crystallization fields: LiCl·2H2O, KCl, Li2SO4·H2O, K2SO4, and Li2SO4·K2SO4. Compared with the multitemperature phase diagrams of this system at 288.15–348.15 K, it was found that the basic configuration of the phase diagrams is the same. As the temperature increased, the phase region of double salt Li2SO4·K2SO4 clearly increased, whereas the phase region of single salt KCl and K2SO4 clearly decreased. On the basis of the experiment, the extended Harvie–Weare model of the Pitzer model was used to predict the solubility data of the quaternary system. The simulated and measured values were basically in good agreement.
研究领域:
化学热力学
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无机化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CORROSION SCIENCE
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2022
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IF 7.72
Xin Du,Shaoqiang Guo,Sheng Wang
Fission product tellurium causes severe embrittlement of nickel alloys in nuclear molten fuel salt systems. This paper investigates the tellurium chemistry in molten LiCl-KCl-Li 2 Te salts and the tellurium reactions at the alloy interface. The reactions for the two-step reduction of Te 0 and the electrochemical formation of nickel tellurides have been identified from cyclic voltammograms. The corrosion of UNS N10003 alloy with different tellurium salt chemistries and applied potentials found that tellurium corrosion attack is only present at potentials more positive than the Ni 1.43 Te / Te 2 − potential. The critical potential is thus suggested for mitigating tellurium embrittlement using the redox control technique.
研究领域:
材料科学
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核工程
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电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
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2021
·Vol. 168
·期 10
·102505
·
IF 4.316
Chenteng Sun,Qian Xu,Yongxiang Yang,Xingli Zou,Hongwei Cheng,Xionggang Lu
The electrochemical behaviors of Li+ and Nd3+ were investigated on W, liquid Sn pool and Sn film electrodes in LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 melt at 673 K. Various electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammogram, square wave voltammogram, and open circuit chronopotentiometry, were conducted to evaluate the electrochemical behaviors of Li+ and Nd3+. The reduction of Nd3+ was found to be a two-step process in the W electrode and a one-step process in the liquid Sn electrode. During the formation of the Nd-Sn intermetallic compounds, only the NdSn3 would be formed without the reduction of the Li+ in the liquid Sn electrode. When the reduction potential moves over −2.77 V vs Cl2/Cl−, the Li+ in the electrolyte would inevitable be reduced into the liquid Sn electrode. The Nd-Sn intermetallic compounds were deposited on the liquid Sn pool electrode at −2.74 V vs Cl2/Cl− in the LiCl-KCl-NdCl3 melts for 5 h. The products were characterized by SEM-EDS and XRD. The loose product on the surface of the deposition displayed the existence of NdSn3 in Nd-Sn intermetallic compounds. The high content of Nd inclusion formed by segregation was detected in the solidified Sn electrode.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2020
·Vol. 167
·期 14
·146508
·
IF 3.721
Shaolong Li,Yusi Che,Jianxun Song,Yongchun Shu,Jilin He,Baoqiang Xu,Bin Yang
Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Mg(II) in LiCl-KCl eutectic melt were investigated by electrochemical techniques. The diffusion coefficients of Mg(II) in the melt at various temperatures were studied by cyclic voltammetry, and the activation energy of Mg(II)/Mg was calculated to be (48.5 ± 3.7) kJ mol−1. The exchange current densities and reaction rate constants of Mg(II)/Mg at different temperatures from 773 K to 873 K were calculated by testing polarization curves on Mo electrode, and results showed that the exchange current densities became larger as the temperature increased. Equilibrium potentials of Mg(II)/Mg on Mo electrode and liquid Zn electrode were also tested by open circuit potential method. Subsequently, the apparent standard potential of Mg(II)/Mg, apparent standard Gibbs energy for the formation of MgCl2 and activity coefficients of Mg in the liquid Zn were calculated. Finally, metallic Mg was extracted in the form of Zn-Mg alloys by galvanostatic electrolysis on liquid Zn electrode. The deposit was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Mg2Zn11 was detected in the deposit.
研究领域:
冶金学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2022
·
IF 6.633
Jia Zhao,Zhaoting Liu,Wenshuo Liang,Guimin Lu
This present work evaluates the local structure and electrochemical behavior of the LiCl-KCl-SmCl 3 melt to facilitate the efficient reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). At 723 K, the radial distribution function, coordination number, and structure factors were adopted to understand the local structure of LiCl-KCl and LiCl-KCl-SmCl 3 based on first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulation. We found the SmCl 3 slight effect on LiCl-KCl melts in short-range order and its influence on the distribution of Li-Li intermediate-range order. Moreover, the diffusion coefficient of Sm(III) 2.012 × 10 -5 cm 2 /s in LiCl-KCl melts was determined by analyzing the mean square displacement. The electrochemical behavior of Sm(III) was conducted in the temperature range from 673 K to 823 K by a series of electrochemical methods. According to the theory of Matsuda and Ayabe, the Sm(III) + e - = Sm(II) is a quasi-reversible process. The diffusion coefficient of Sm(III) was measured by the chronoamperometry method, which verified the credibility of the FPMD simulation. Furthermore, this work explored the exchange current density of Sm(III)/Sm(II), whose value is between 0.826 × 10 -3 and 2.383 × 10 -3 A·cm −2 , by the linear polarization.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
核工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
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