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Advanced Healthcare Materials · 2023 · IF 10

3D Printed Chondrogenic Functionalized PGS Bioactive Scaffold for Cartilage Regeneration

Sinan Wang,Bin Luo,Baoshuai Bai,Qianyi Wang,Hongying Chen,Xiaoyan Tan,Zhengya Tang,Sisi Shen,Hengxing Zhou,Zhengwei You,Guangdong Zhou,Dong Lei

Tissue engineering is emerging as a promising approach for cartilage regeneration and repair. Endowing scaffolds with cartilaginous bioactivity to obtain bionic microenvironment and regulating the matching of scaffold degradation and regeneration play a crucial role in cartilage regeneration. Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a representative thermosetting bioelastomer known for its elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility and is widely used in tissue engineering. However, the modification and drug loading of the PGS scaffold is still a key challenge due to its high temperature curing conditions and limited reactive groups, which seriously hinders its further functional application. Here, a simple versatile new strategy of super swelling-absorption and cross-linked networks locking is presented to successfully create the 3D printed PGS-CS/Gel scaffold for the first time based on FDA-approved PGS, gelatin (Gel) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). The PGS-CS/Gel scaffold exhibits the desirable synergistic properties of well-organized hierarchical structures, excellent elasticity, improved hydrophilicity, and cartilaginous bioactivity, which can promote the adhesion, proliferation, and migration of chondrocytes. Importantly, the rate of cartilage regeneration can be well-matched with degradation of PGS-CS/Gel scaffold, and achieve uniform and mature cartilage tissue without scaffold residual. The bioactive scaffold can successfully repair cartilage in a rabbit trochlear groove defect model indicating a promising prospect of clinical transformation.

研究领域: 组织工程 · 再生医学 · 生物材料科学
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Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics · 2021 · IF 1.573

Preparation and characterization of PGS/PLLA@PNIPAM core-shell nanofiber membrane by electrospinning and surface ATRP grafting

Qijian Niu,Lili Ma,Junxia Guo,Xiaoping Yang

In this study, a temperature responsive PGS/PLLA@PNIPAM core-shell nanofiber membrane was prepared by combining electrospinning with surface ATRP grafting polymer technology, in which the core layer of PGS/PLLA nanofiber was prepared by electrospinning, and then the shell layer of temperature responsive PNIPAM polymer was grafted on the nanofiber surface by ATRP reaction. In the experiment, a macromolecule-initiator PGS-Br was prepared and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The surface morphology, composition, element of the core-shell nanofiber membrane were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XPS. In addition, it is worth noting that the core-shell nanofiber membrane can respond to temperature in drug release tests.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 高分子化学 · 纳米技术 · 药物传递系统
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POLYMER TESTING · 2016 · IF 2.35

Porous poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) elastomer scaffolds for skin tissue engineering

Xiaolan Zhang,Chuanlong Jia,Xiuying Qiao,Tianyi Liu,Kang Sun

Poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) elastomer scaffolds with different porosity for skin tissue engineering were fabricated via particulate leaching. The introduction of pores lowers the hydrophilicity but improves the water uptake capability of PGS. The gel content of PGS increases with the increase of salt mass ratio, but the degree of swelling goes the opposite way due to the existence of the porous structure. The degradation rate of PGS can be tailored and controlled by the porous structure, which is of great value for its applications in tissue engineering. The feasibility of these porous PGS scaffolds for skin tissue engineering was evaluated by seeding mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) onto the scaffold. In vitro cell culture results indicate good attachment, proliferation and deep penetration of MDFs into porous PGS scaffolds, which confirms the excellent biocompatibility of these scaffolds.

CAS / MDL: 111-20-6
研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程 · 组织工程
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APL Bioengineering · 2023 ·Vol. 7 ·期 3 · IF 6

Gelatin-modified 3D printed PGS elastic hierarchical porous scaffold for cartilage regeneration

Wang Sinan,Chen Hongying,Huang Jinyi,Shen Sisi,Tang Zhengya,Tan Xiaoyan,Lei Dong,Zhou Guangdong

Regenerative cartilage replacements are increasingly required in clinical settings for various defect repairs, including bronchial cartilage deficiency, articular cartilage injury, and microtia reconstruction. Poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a widely used bioelastomer that has been developed for various regenerative medicine applications because of its excellent elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, because of inadequate active groups, strong hydrophobicity, and limited ink extrusion accuracy, 3D printed PGS scaffolds may cause insufficient bioactivity, inefficient cell inoculation, and inconsistent cellular composition, which seriously hinders its further cartilage regenerative application. Here, we combined 3D printed PGS frameworks with an encapsulated gelatin hydrogel to fabricate a PGS@Gel composite scaffold. PGS@Gel scaffolds have a controllable porous microstructure, with suitable pore sizes and enhanced hydrophilia, which could significantly promote the cells' penetration and adhesion for efficient chondrocyte inoculation. Furthermore, the outstanding elasticity and fatigue durability of the PGS framework enabled the regenerated cartilage built by the PGS@Gel scaffolds to resist the dynamic in vivo environment and maintain its original morphology. Importantly, PGS@Gel scaffolds increased the rate of cartilage regeneration concurrent with scaffold degradation. The scaffold was gradually degraded and integrated to form uniform, dense, and mature regenerated cartilage tissue with little scaffold residue.

研究领域: 组织工程 · 生物医用材料 · 再生医学
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Scientific Reports · 2019 ·Vol. 9 ·期 1 ·1-10 · IF 4.011

Enhanced osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells on a porous n-HA/PGS-M composite scaffold

Wang Yaozong,Sun Naikun,Zhang Yinlong,Zhao Bin,Zhang Zheyi,Zhou Xu,Zhou Yuanyuan,Liu Hongyi,Zhang Ying,Liu Jianguo

This study explored the applicability, cellular efficacy, and osteogenic activities of porous nano-hydroxyapatite/Poly (glycerol sebacate)-grafted maleic anhydride (n-HA/PGS-g-M) composite scaffolds. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses indicated that approximately 43% of the hydroxide radicals in PGS were displaced by maleic anhydride. Resonance bands at 1036 cm −1 occurred in scaffolds containing nHA powders, and peak areas increased when n-HA weight increased in PGS-M-n-HA-0.4, PGS-M-n-HA-0.5, and PGS-M-n-HA-0.6 scaffolds. The n-HA/PGS-g-M composite scaffolds exhibited porous microstructure with average pore size of 150–300 µm in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) identified the glass transition temperature (Tg) as −25–30 °C, indicative of quality resilience. The modulus of compressibility increased when n-HA content increased. Interestingly, viability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in vitro and expression of the osteogenic related genes RUNX2 , OCN , and COL1A1 was enhanced in the n-HA/PGS-g-M composite scaffolds compared to those factors observed in PGS-g-M scaffolds. Finally, simulated body fluid (SBF) tests indicated more apatite deposits on the surface of n-HA/PGS-g-M scaffolds compared to PGS-g-M scaffolds. Overall, porous n-HA/PGS-g-M composite scaffolds possessed acceptable biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and they stimulated hADSC cell proliferation and differentiation. Given these qualities, the composite scaffolds have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

CAS / MDL: 1306-06-5 12167-74-7
研究领域: 组织工程 · 生物材料科学 · 干细胞研究 · 材料科学
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APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE · 2019 · IF 3.89

PVDF/palygorskite composite ultrafiltration membranes: Effects of nano-clay particles on membrane structure and properties

Dongyang Wei,Shouyong Zhou,Meisheng Li,Ailian Xue,Yan Zhang,Yijiang Zhao,Jing Zhong,Dawei Yang

Palygorskite (PGS) was incorporated into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix and PVDF/PGS nanocomposite UF membranes were prepared successfully via a combination of non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) and thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) processes. The influence of the size of the PGS particles (PGS-L, 450 nm and PGS-S, 302 nm) on the membrane pore structure, morphology, mechanical strength, filtration performance and antifouling property were investigated. The results showed that the PVDF/PGS-S composite membranes had higher porosity and lower overall membrane thickness and skin layer thickness. This directly resulted in better PWF , BSA flux, BSA rejection and FRR for the membranes loaded with PGS-S, when compared with the characteristics of PVDF/PGS-L membranes. Thus, the physical structures are dominant factors in determining the separation performance of PVDF/PGS composite membranes. However, the surface roughness and thermal stability of PVDF/PGS-L membranes were greater than those of PVDF/PGS-S membranes and their surface was also more hydrophilic . Moreover, they exhibited higher mechanical strength owing to stronger binding forces and lower porosity. Thus, the composite properties of PVDF/PGS UF membranes could be adjusted by controlling the scale of the inorganic filler .

研究领域: 材料科学 · 环境工程
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PHARMACOGENOMICS · 2020 · IF 2.339

Synonymous mutation rs2515641 affects CYP2E1 mRNA and protein expression and susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury

Keguang Chen,Ruichen Guo,Chunmin Wei

Aim: To evaluate whether the synonymous mutant rs2515641 could affect cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression and the response to acetaminophen (APAP) or triptolide (TP) treatment. Materials & methods: HepG2 cells were transfected with lentiviral vector containing either CYP2E1-1263C or CYP2E1-1263T. Some of these recombinant cells were then treated with APAP or TP. CYP2E1 gene expression was detected by PCR and western blot. Results:CYP2E1 gene expression decreased significantly both in mRNA and protein level after rs2515641 mutation, indicating that this polymorphism can affect both transcription and translation. Furthermore, rs2515641 mutation dramatically changes the response of CYP2E1 expression to APAP or TP treatment. Conclusion: Rs2515641 significantly changes CYP2E1 expression and function, which would be expected to affect drug disposition and response.

研究领域: 药理学 · 分子生物学 · 遗传学 · 毒理学
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Polymers · 2019 ·Vol. 11 ·期 6 ·965 · IF 3.164

Optimized Synthesis of Biodegradable Elastomer PEGylated Poly(glycerol sebacate) and Their Biomedical Application

Yanxiang Wang,Haiwa Wu,Zihao Wang,Jingjing Zhang,Jing Zhu,Yifan Ma,Zhaogang Yang,Yuan Yuan

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), a biodegradable elastomer, has been extensively explored in biomedical applications for its favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Efforts have been made to fabricate multifunctional PGS copolymer in recent years, in particular PGS-co-PEG (poly(glycerol sebacate)-co-polyethylene glycol) polymers. However, rare research has been systematically conducted on the effect of reactant ratios on physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of PGS copolymer till now. In this study, a serial of PEGylated PGS (PEGS) with PEG content from 20% to 40% and carboxyl to hydroxyl from 0.67 to 2 were synthesized by thermal curing process. The effects of various PEGS on the mechanical strength and biological activity were further compared and optimized. The results showed that the PEGS elastomers around 20PEGS-1.0C/H and 40PEGS-1.5C/H exhibited the desirable hydrophilicity, degradation behaviors, mechanical properties and cell viability. Subsequently, the potential applications of the 20PEGS-1.0C/H and 40PEGS-1.5C/H in bone repair scaffold and vascular reconstruction were investigated and the results showed that 20PEGS-1.0C/H and 40PEGS-1.5C/H could significantly improve the mechanical strength for the calcium phosphate scaffolds and exhibited preferable molding capability for fabrication of the vascular substitute. These results confirmed that the optimized PEGS elastomers should be promising multifunctional substrates in biomedical applications.Keywords:poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS);polyethylene glycol (PEG);biomedical application;biodegradable elastomer

研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
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JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION · 2026 · IF 3.5

Preparation, optimization and in vitro activity analysis of PVA/gelatin/sodium alginate-based (PGS) hydrogels loaded with Gardeniae Fructus Preparatus (JZZ) extract

Chenhao Liu,Chuchu Shan,Zebin Yu,Changyi Ye,Yunqiu Shen,Chunmei Yuan,Yifeng Pan,Yuyan Zhang,Xingying Chen

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was introduced into the traditional gelatin (Gel)/sodium alginate (SA) system, and PVA/Gel/SA hydrogels (PGS) were prepared by freeze-thaw cycling and Cu2+ crosslinking. After screening, proper PVA/Gel ratios were found to significantly improve mechanical strength and flexibility, with all formulations showing high water content and swelling ratios. Among them, PGS4 (5% Gel, 3% PVA, 2% SA) and PGS6 (5% Gel, 7% PVA, 2% SA) showed optimal mechanical performance (321.65 and 428.80 kPa) and proper swelling behavior (swelling ratios of 13.80 and 12.65 at 24 h). After loading the extract of Gardeniae Fructus Preparatus (JZZ), the water content of JZZ-PGS4 and JZZ-PGS6 decreased slightly, while swelling behavior was basically unchanged. JZZ-PGS4 had favorable stability (37.21% degradation at 14 days), high encapsulation efficiency (82.73%) and effective drug release behavior. Both JZZ-PGS4 and JZZ-PGS6 exhibited strong antioxidant activity. PGS4 and PGS6 showed moderate antibacterial activity and good cytocompatibility, which were enhanced by JZZ extract. In conclusion, JZZ-PGS4, possessing balanced comprehensive properties, could serve as a drug-loaded hydrogel platform based on the PVA/Gel/SA system for chronic diabetic wounds.

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BIOMACROMOLECULES · 2013 · IF 5.371

Salt-Induced Stability and Serum-Resistance of Polyglutamate Polyelectrolyte Brushes/Nuclear Factor-κB p65 siRNA Polyplex Enhance the Apoptosis and Efficacy of Doxorubicin

Yuefang Zhao,Yuting Qin,Yang Liang,Haijuan Zou,Xiao Peng,Huan Huang,Ming Lu,Min Feng

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as chemotherapeutic RNAi agents hold great promise for a significant improvement in cancer therapy. Despite the promise, effective transport of siRNA with minimal side effects remains a challenge. The common problem associated with the low delivery efficiencies of current polycation-based gene delivery systems is their low stability in the presence of salt and serum. In the present study we developed the polyglutamate derivatives (PGS) polyelectrolyte brushes for NF-κB p65 siRNA delivery. The PGS polyelectrolyte brushes/siRNA polyplex was colloidally stable (150 nm diameter) in physiological saline (150 mM NaCl), likely due to the osmotic brushes of PGS. The size-controlled siRNA/PGS polyplex also showed the serum resistance resulting in their efficient cellular uptake was not negatively influenced by the presence of serum. The endothermic profile of ITC, their low values of Gibbs free energy and binding constants Kb under salt conditions provided the direct evidence that PGS polyelectrolyte brushes had a much lower binding affinity for serum proteins, compared with PEI 25KDa. PGS polyelectrolyte brushes delivering NF-κB p65 siRNA achieved efficient down-regulation of NF-κB p65 protein in HeLa cells. The NF-κB p65 down-regulation mediated by PGS polyelectrolyte brushes was more significant than PEI 25KDa and comparable to Lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, the combination treatment with PGS polyelectrolyte brushes/NF-κB p65 siRNA polyplex and doxorubicin demonstrated synergistic apoptotic and cytotoxic effects on HeLa cancer cells. The high stability in physiological saline and salt-induced serum resistance of PGS polyelectrolyte brushes/siRNA polyplex has potential applications together with standard chemotherapies such as doxorubicin to be a viable method to improve the clinical outcomes in cancer therapies.

CAS / MDL: 71-44-3
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 药剂学 · 癌症研究 · 基因治疗
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Polymer Chemistry · 2016 ·Vol. 7 ·期 14 ·2553-2564 · IF 5.687

Synthesis and characterization of poly(glycerol sebacate)-based elastomeric copolyesters for tissue engineering applications

Yating Jia,Weizhong Wang,Xiaojun Zhou,Wei Nie,Liang Chen,Chuanglong He

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) has been explored extensively for tissue engineering applications due to its elastomeric mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but its relatively low mechanical strength and poor hydrophilicity restrict its practical applications in tissue engineering. In this study, we developed new biodegradable elastomeric copolyesters poly(glycerol-co-sebacic acid-co-L-lactic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) (PGSLP) by simultaneously introducing L-lactic acid (LLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the PGS network. The synthesized copolyesters were well-characterized to evaluate their physicochemical properties, mechanical strength and in vitro degradation properties, and their biocompatibility was also evaluated by a combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments. It is found that the PGSLP exhibited typical elastic properties, and possessed better hydrophilicity, water uptake capacity as well as improved degradation behaviors compared to PGS, which were beneficial for tissue engineering applications. More importantly, the physicochemical properties of PGSLP could be tuned in a wide range by changing the content of LLA and PEG, and their mechanical properties were visibly influenced by the curing conditions such as curing time. Furthermore, the L929 mouse fibroblast cells cultured on the PGSLP exhibited high viability, good spreading and proliferation, and PGSLP implants did not induce obvious inflammatory reaction but promoted neovascularization after subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats for 5 weeks. Hence, the developed PGSLP copolyesters may offer a much better choice of scaffolds than PGS for practical tissue engineering applications.

CAS / MDL: 79-33-4
研究领域: 生物材料 · 组织工程 · 生物医学工程 · 材料科学
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ADVANCED MATERIALS · 2025 · IF 26.8

Melt-Based Embedded Printing of Macroscopically-Conformal, Electro-Conductive and Elastomeric Patches for Improved Myocardial Infarction Repair

Xiangbin Zeng,Zhenlong Li,Xiao Tan,Zhishuo Ren,Jingyuan Gao,Zijie meng,Dichen Li,Jinhai Fan,Mao Mao,Baolin Guo,Jiankang He

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is promising for engineering flexible cardiac patches for myocardial infarction repair due to its unique elasticity. However, its insulating nature and complex thermal curing process hinder existing 3D printing techniques from producing patches that recapitulate the mechanical, electrical, and anatomical features of native myocardium. Here, a melt-based embedded printing strategy enabling direct, freeform fabrication of thermosetting PGS architectures with in situ thermal curing is proposed. The viscoelastic matrix enables high-fidelity extrusion of PGS prepolymer into microscale filaments while providing temporary support for in situ curing of PGS elastomeric architectures with seamless interface fusion and mechanical stability. This platform further allows direct printing of electro-conductive cardiac patches using carbon nanotube-incorporated PGS that mimic ventricular curvature and mechanical anisotropy. Compared to pure PGS controls, the electro-conductive patches enhance cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro, evidenced by improved sarcomere organization, calcium handling, and electrical synchronization. In vivo, these acellular patches improve mechanical integration with host myocardium, promote vascularization, reduce inflammation, and preserve cardiomyocyte survival, collectively maintaining ejection fraction and attenuating adverse remodeling. This work, therefore, establishes a generalizable manufacturing strategy for printing thermosetting elastomeric constructs with integrated conductivity as acellular, mechanically and electrically functional patches for structural cardiac repair.

研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 心脏组织工程 · 3D打印 · 生物材料 · 再生医学 · 柔性电子 · 高分子科学
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