SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2018
·
IF 5.667
Yi Li,Yanbiao Li,Minoru Hashimoto
In this work, a novel planar actuator based on plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) gel and flexible silicone grease electrodes is proposed to realize a new soft actuator with high performance under low driving voltages. The proposed planar PVC gel actuator (PPGA) can demonstrate a strain of 21%, an output stress of over 0.6 MPa and a respond time of about 90 ms, only at a low driving voltage of 120 V. These performances are comparable to those of the biological muscle and are much better as compared to 10–12% strain and 0.09 MPa stress at 400 V for the traditional stainless electrodes-based multilayered PVC gel actuator (MPGA). In addition, compared to the typical planar dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) (3 M VHB4905), the operating voltage and response time for the PPGA are reduced by one order of magnitude. A theoretical model is used to discuss the difference between the two types of actuators, finding a good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the PPGA can be continuously actuated for more than 1 million times which shows a good durability. These results demonstrate the feasibility of PPGA as a soft actuator, so a wide application is expected.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
软体机器人学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 24
·4336
·
IF 4.329
Jolanta Tomaszewska,Tomasz Sterzyński,Aneta Woźniak-Braszak,Michał Banaszak
This review addresses the impact of different nanoadditives on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is a widely used industrial polymer. The relatively highTglimits its temperature-dependent applications. The objective of the review is to present the state-of-the-art knowledge on the influence of nanofillers of various origins and dimensions on theTgof the PVC. TheTgvariations induced by added nanofillers can be probed mostly by such experimental techniques as thermomechanical analysis (TMA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dielectric thermal analysis (DETA). The increase inTgis commonly associated with the use of mineral and carbonaceous nanofillers. In this case, a rise in the concentration of nanoadditives leads to an increase in theTgdue to a restraint of the PVC macromolecular chain’s mobility. The lowering ofTgmay be attributed to the well-known plasticizing effect, which is a consequence of the incorporation of oligomeric silsesquioxanes to the polymeric matrix. It has been well established that the variation in theTgvalue depends also on the chemical modification of nanofillers and their incorporation into the PVC matrix. This review may be an inspiration for further investigation of nanofillers’ effect on the PVC glass transition temperature.Keywords:nanocomposites;thermal analysis;thermal properties;PVC glass transition
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2018
·
IF 4.61
Pengfei Wu,Zongwei Cai,Hangbiao Jin,Yuanyuan Tang
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics are easily embrittled and decomposed to microplastics in an aquatic environment. The plasticizers such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) and their analogues might be released and adsorbed by the PVC microplastics causing consequential pollution to the ecosystem. Herein, a systematic study was performed to determine the adsorption mechanisms of five bisphenol analogues (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPB and BPAF) on PVC microplastics. The maximum adsorption efficiency reached 0.19 ± 0.02 mg·g −1 (BPA), 0.15 ± 0.01 mg·g −1 (BPS), 0.16 ± 0.01 mg·g −1 (BPF), 0.22 ± 0.01 mg·g −1 (BPB), and 0.24 ± 0.02 mg·g −1 (BPAF) at PVC dosage of 1.5 g·L −1 . The kinetics study shows that the adsorption processes can be divided into three stages including external mass transport, intraparticle diffusion and dynamic equilibrium. The isotherm modeling shows a better fit of the adsorption results to the Freundlich isotherm compared to the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study indicates the adsorption of all bisphenols as exothermic processes. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms of bisphenols were explicated intensively, with respect to hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic forces, and noncovalent bonds. A positive effect of hydrophobic interactions was identified for bisphenols adsorption on PVC microplastics, but an obvious inhibition by electrostatic repulsions was revealed for BPF due to its ionization in the neutral solution. In addition, noncovalent bonds (hydrogen and halogen bonds) may promote the adsorption of bisphenols on PVC microplastics. Finally, the desorption and competitive adsorption of five bisphenol analogues on the microplastics were provided together with a perspective for future works.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Yan Zhang,Tianyi Sun,Dashuai Zhang,Zaifeng Shi,Xiaopeng Zhang,Chen Li,Lili Wang,Junjun Song,Qiang Lin
A novel photodegradable Nano-G/TiO 2 /PVC composite film was prepared by codoping nano-graphite (Nano-G) and TiO 2 photocatalyst in Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic. The Characterization tests were performed by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and physical and mechanical properties. Compared with TiO 2 /PVC, Nano-G/PVC and PVC film, the Nano-G/TiO 2 /PVC composite film showed higher photodegradability. The weight loss rates of Nano-G/PVC (Nano-G 1 wt%), TiO 2 /PVC (TiO 2 1 wt%) and Nano-G/TiO 2 /PVC (Nano-G 1 wt%, TiO 2 1 wt%) films after the UV irradiation for 30 h were 7.68%, 8.94% and 17.24%, respectively, while that of PVC was only 2.12%. For the Nano-G/TiO 2 /PVC composite film, the optimal doping amount of nano-graphite is 1 wt%. The decline rates of Mw and Mn of Nano-G/TiO 2 /PVC (Nano-G 1 wt%, TiO 2 1 wt%) composite film were 12.93% and 61.97%, respectively, which were much higher than that of PVC. Nano-graphite can effectively improve the migration and separation of TiO 2 photogenerated electrons, improving the photodegradation rate of PVC. The mechanism of the Nano-G/TiO 2 /PVC composite film photocatalytic degradation was proposed. The photocatalytic technology is a feasible and effective way to solve "white pollution".
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2012
·
IF 2.103
Fajia Liu,Hu Liu,Xiaoyun Li,Huanyu Zhao,Danping Zhu,Yingying Zheng,Chaorong Li
The antibacterial and photocatalytic PVC film was prepared by doping heteronanostructure of TiO 2 nanowire@Ag nanoparticles. TiO 2 nanowire with 50–60 nm in diameter and 0.1 mm in length was prepared by a hydrothermal method, and Ag nanopartical about 5–10 nm in diameter was grafted on the surface of TiO 2 nanowire evenly in the solution. The antimicrobial ability and the photocatalytic properties of the nano-TiO 2 @Ag/PVC film were systematically investigated by changing the influence factors such as the content of nano-TiO 2 @Ag, pH value and the cultivation condition. It confirmed that the nano-TiO 2 @Ag nanostructure could increase the antibacterial efficiency of the PVC film. Further, nano-TiO 2 @Ag/PVC film also showed enhanced photocatalytic activity to decompose Rhodmine B (RhB).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
微生物学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 6.707
Hailiang Liu,Yueming Liu,Yang Qin,Yan Huang,Kaikai Chen,Changfa Xiao
Inspired of the synergistic effect of the antifouling performance of hydrophilic substance and the self-cleaning function of low surface energy material, we designed and synthesized a kind of macromolecule amphiphilic graft copolymer by the free radical polymerization, which used polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the main chains, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) as the hydrophilic segment and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) as the low surface energy segment. Then, the amphiphilic PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA graft copolymer membrane was successfully prepared via surface segregation through the phase inversion process and was further optimized via the forced self-assembly through annealing treatments. The results showed that the PPEGMA chain segments migrated on the membrane surface which driven the PTFEMA chain segments to enrich on the membrane surface during the annealing process, meanwhile, annealing treatment promoted the local microphase separation and improved the mean pore size and the porosity. Based on the synergistic effect of hydrophilic and low surface energy segments, the PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA graft copolymer membrane obtained the maximum pure water flux of 510.69 ± 16.28 L∙m −2 ∙h −1 , flux recovery rate of 91.49% and rejection rate of 99.31% in the BSA filtration process, which also revealed significantly antifouling properties. More importantly, the PVC-g-PPEGMA/PTFEMA copolymer membrane exhibited long-time hydrophilic stability, which could extend its potential service life.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
膜技术
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Coatings
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 2
·317
·
IF 3.4
Yan Zhang,Tianyi Sun,Dashuai Zhang,Chen Li,Jinrui Liu,Bangsen Li,Zaifeng Shi
The fact that the use of a large number of plastic products has brought serious pollution to the environment has always been the focus of global attention. The development of photocatalytic degradable plastics is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of “white pollution”. In this work, La3+modified TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling and characterized. La3+/TiO2was mixed with Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic to make a photodegradable composite film, and the photodegradation performance and mechanical properties of films were evaluated. The photodegradable films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 30 h UV irradiation, the weight loss rate of the PVC was only 2.12%, while that of the TiO2/PVC reached 8.94%. The accelerating of the degradation rate was due to the mixing of TiO2into PVC. As for the La3+/TiO2/PVC composite film, when the mass percentage of La3+/TiO2was 1.5%, the weight loss rate of La3+/TiO2/PVC sample reached a maximum of 17.78%, which was eight times the degradation rate of PVC and two times the degradation rate of TiO2/PVC. The La3+/TiO2/PVC film showed good photodegradability. La is a transition metal element with a special 4f electronic structure. The reaction mechanism of photodegradation of PVC by the interaction of La3+and TiO2were discussed.Keywords:La3+modified TiO2;La3+/TiO2/PVC composite film;ball milling method;photodegradation
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 16
·2734
·
IF 4.329
Bin Luo,Yiding Zhong,Hualing Chen,Zicai Zhu,Yanjie Wang
Electroactive PVC gel is a new artificial muscle material with good performance that can mimic the movement of biological muscle in an electric field. However, traditional manufacturing methods, such as casting, prevent the broad application of this promising material because they cannot achieve the integration of the PVC gel electrode and core layer, and at the same time, it is difficult to create complex and diverse structures. In this study, a multi-material, integrated direct writing method is proposed to fabricate corrugated PVC gel artificial muscle. Inks with suitable rheological properties were developed for printing four functional layers, including core layers, electrode layers, sacrificial layers, and insulating layers, with different characteristics. The curing conditions of the printed CNT/SMP inks under different applied conditions were also discussed. The structural parameters were optimized to improve the actuating performance of the PVC gel artificial muscle. The corrugated PVC gel with a span of 1.6 mm had the best actuating performance. Finally, we printed three layers of corrugated PVC gel artificial muscle with good actuating performance. The proposed method can help to solve the inherent shortcomings of traditional manufacturing methods of PVC gel actuators. The printed structures have potential applications in many fields, such as soft robotics and flexible electronic devices.Keywords:direct writing;PVC gel;artificial muscle;rheological behavior;integrated printing
研究领域:
软体机器人
·
材料科学
·
生物仿生学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Da Yang,Zhe Qu,Fei Li,Siyuan Lu
A convenient and less time-consuming approach for developing an optical oxygen sensing film with excellent balance between sensing performance and operating stability is addressed in the current work. In order to achieve better mechanical strength and resistance against ultraviolet (UV) degradation, a series of oxygen sensing films were prepared by embedding Pt (II) meso-tetra (pentafluorophenyl)porphine (PtTFPP) in the hosting copolymer matrices, which comprised different blending ratios of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) on polypropylene porous fiber membrane. The microstructure and optical properties of the sensing films were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser confocal microscopy, and fluorescence spectrometer. Phase delay measurement under different oxygen partial pressure (PO $_{{2}}\text {)}$ and temperature was conducted to evaluate the sensing performance and temperature compensation models of the sensing films for oxygen monitoring. Results show that the response time of the sensing films were all less than 10 s. The sensitivities and detecting ranges of the sensing films were increased and decreased with the reduction in PVC/PVDF-HFP ratio. When PVC/PVDF-HFP ratio reached 1:2, sensing film exhibits the best sensitivity of 0.334 kPa $^{-{1}}$ and the smallest phase reduction rate of 0.0045°/h after 24 h of continuous irradiation by UV light, presenting a promising utilization potentiality in fields of gaseous oxygen detection.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学传感
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2019
·
IF 2.943
Haifei Zhang,Fengfan Zhu,Qinghe Fu,Xiaoxiang Zhang,Xinbao Zhu
Expoxy acylated ricinoleic acid binary alcohol ether ester (EARABAEE) is a kind of novel bio-based environmental-friendly plasticizer . EARABAE was synthesized from ricinoleic acid and binary alcohol ether and it's chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, ESI-TOF-MS. EARABAEE was mixed with the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and mechanical property was investigated. The static mechanical property tests indicated that the PVC film plasticized by epoxy benzoylated ricinoleic acid ethylene glycol butyl ether ester (2c) has better tensile strength and the film plasticized by epoxy acetylated ricinoleic acid propylene glycol methyl ether ester (3d) has higher elongation at break. The dynamic mechanical property was evaluated by balanceable torque and mixing process energy, Haake rheometer tests showed that the 3d-plasticized PVC film has bigger balanceable torque and mixing process energy. In addition, the proportion of 3d and DOTP markedly affected the dynamic mechanical property. When the 3d content was more than 25%, the balanceable torque and mixing process energy decreased significantly with the 3d content increased.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2021
·
IF 5.541
Tian-Tian Meng,Hua Zhang,Fan Lü,Li-Ming Shao,Pin-Jing He
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used plastics in the world. When PVC is heated, HCl will form, causing equipment corrosion, product quality decline, environmental pollution and other problems. Therefore, more attention is paid to recycling of PVC than other plastics. In this study, the reaction mechanisms of PVC with different metal oxides (MO x : CaO, ZnO, CuO, MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 ) at low temperature (310 °C) were compared, with focus on chlorine capture and dehydrochlorination product (De-Cl PVC) property. The results showed that when the radius of metal ion was smaller, the extrapolated onset temperature ( T i ) of PVC-MO x pyrolysis tended to be lower, such as PVC-ZnO, PVC-CuO and PVC-Al 2 O 3 . Direct reaction of PVC and MO x was deduced for PVC-CuO and PVC-ZnO pyrolysis, based on the lower T i and peak temperature ( T max ) than that of PVC pyrolysis. MO x that did not significantly lower T max was supposed to react with HCl that dissociated from PVC. The addition of ZnO significantly reduced the release of HCl (0.5%) and captured 97.6% of chlorine as inorganic chloride salts. However, the chloride salts produced from PVC-MgO pyrolysis could decompose at low temperature, thus releasing HCl again, and the C atoms in PVC-CuO system could react with copper chloride salts and H 2 O, to form and release HCl. The capture effects of chlorine by Fe 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 were not good. With addition of MO x , all De-Cl PVCs were rich in C=C-H and (C) 3 C-H structures. Fe 2 O 3 , MgO and CuO reduced the release of volatile hydrocarbons, while CaO, ZnO and Al 2 O 3 increased the release of volatile hydrocarbons. Except for CaO and CuO, the other MO x increased the amount of residual hydrocarbon (De-Cl PVC).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 45
·期 7
·3441-3447
·
IF 3.591
Mei Wang,Xianghai Kong,Xianghai Song,Yunliang Chen,Quan Bu
Developing lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base grafted PVC materials (PVC-ML-g, g = 1, 2, 3, 4, where the lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base is abbreviated as ML) via clean and efficient strategies is an effective way to resolve the increasing diseases in humans and environmental pollution caused by toxic dioctyl phthalate (DOP) traditionally used to plasticize PVC materials. Thus, in this study, the lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base, which contains both phosphate ester groups and highly flexible long carbon chains, was grafted onto PVC chains to efficiently plasticize PVC materials. The PVC-ML-g materials displayed a lower glass transition temperature than pure PVC and were comparable to conventional DOP plasticized PVC. The good plasticization behavior in the PVC-ML-3 materials was due to the simultaneous introduction of more ester groups and mobile, unentangled longer alkyl chains into the structure of PVC, which decreased the molecular interactions between the PVC chains. Moreover, the PVC-ML-g materials showed improved thermal stability and outstanding anti-migration ability because of the covalent bonds between PVC and lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base grafts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）