PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Bingxue Li,Chao Xie,Minghui Yan,Bingwei Chen,Xiangdong Zeng,Xiyue Zhang,Guangyu Yu,Mengxue Luo,Shaoling Zhang,Minsheng You,Shijun You,Lei Xiong
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are key Phase II detoxification enzymes involved in insect xenobiotic metabolism; however, the functional contribution of individual UGT genes to abamectin response in Plutella xylostella remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a candidate gene, PxUGT33W1 , using a combination of molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches. PxUGT33W1 exhibited broad expression across developmental stages and tissues, with elevated transcript levels in the midgut, epidermis, and reproductive organs. Its expression was significantly induced following abamectin exposure in a time-dependent manner, suggesting a stress-responsive pattern. Heterologous expression of PxUGT33W1 in Sf9 cells was associated with increased cellular survival under abamectin treatment, although whether this effect reflects direct enzymatic activity remains to be determined. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of PxUGT33W1 was associated with a 3.1-fold increase in larval susceptibility to abamectin, accompanied by a significant reduction in overall UGT activity toward α-naphthol. Furthermore, the knockout strain exhibited reduced fecundity, along with altered expression of vitellogenin ( Vg ), vitellogenin receptor ( VgR ), and juvenile hormone signaling-related genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that PxUGT33W1 may contribute to variation in abamectin susceptibility and reproductive performance in P. xylostella . However, direct biochemical evidence for abamectin metabolism by PxUGT33W1, such as its glycosylation, and the mechanistic basis of the observed phenotypes remain to be established.
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 4.1
Yifan Li,Shujun Ni,Yunping Wang,Ruichi Li,Hong Sun,Xuan Ye,Zhen Tian,Yalin Zhang,Jiyuan Liu
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance continuously poses a threat to agricultural production. Chemosensory protein-mediated resistance is a new mechanism of insecticide resistance discovered in recent years. In-depth research on resistance mediated by chemosensory proteins (CSPs) provides new insight into aid insecticide resistance management. RESULTS Chemosensory protein 1 in Plutella xylostella ( PxCSP1 ) was overexpressed in the two indoxacarb-resistant field populations and PxCSP1 has a high affinity with indoxacarb. PxCSP1 was upregulated when exposed to indoxacarb and the knockdown of this gene elevated sensitivity to indoxacarb, which demonstrate that PxCSP1 is involved in the indoxacarb resistance. Considering that CSPs may confer resistance in insects via binding or sequestering, we explored the binding mechanism of indoxacarb in PxCSP1 -mediated resistance. Using molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed mutation, we found that indoxacarb forms a solid complex with PxCSP1 mainly through van der Waals interactions and electrostatic interactions. Between these, the electrostatic interaction provided by the Lys100 side chain in PxCSP1 , and especially the hydrogen bonding between the NZ atom and the O of the carbamoyl carbonyl group of indoxacarb, are the key factors for the high affinity of PxCSP1 to indoxacarb. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of PxCPS1 and its high affinity to indoxacarb is partially responsible for indoxacarb resistance in P. xylostella . Modification of indoxacarb's carbamoyl group has the potential to alleviate indoxacarb resistance in P. xylostella . These findings will contribute to solving chemosensory protein-mediated indoxacarb resistance and provide a better understanding of the insecticide resistance mechanism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 19
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 2.303
Zeng Liya,Liu Yongchang,Pan Jun,Liu Xiaowen
Background Norcantharidin (NCTD), a demethylated derivative of cantharidin (defensive toxin of blister beetles), has been reported to exhibit insecticidal activity against various types of agricultural pests. However, NCTD applications are limited by its poor water solubility and high dosage requirement. Nanoemulsions have attracted much attentions due to the transparent or translucence appearance, physical stability, high bioavailability and non-irritant in nature. In general, nanoemulsions with small droplet size can enhance the bioavailability of drugs, whereas this phenomenon is likely system dependent. In present study, NCTD nanoemulsions were developed and optimized to evaluate and improve the insecticidal activity of NCTD against Plutella xylostella (Lepidotera: Plutellidae) by a spontaneous emulsification method.Results Triacetin, Cremophor EL and butanol were selected as the constituents of NCTD nanoemulsions via solubility determination, emulsification efficiency and ternary phase diagram construction. Insecticidal activity of NCTD nanoemulsion was associated with the content of surfactant and cosurfactant: (1) Higher effective toxicity exhibited at Smix (surfactant to cosurfactant mass ratio) = 3:1 that may be associated with the changes in interfacial tension; (2) NCTD nanoemulsion at 3:7 < SOR (surfactant to oil mass ratio) < 6:4 was more effective at lower surfactant level, which was attributed to the relatively slow diffusion rate of NCTD hindering by excess surfactant. Interestingly, nanoemulsions with smaller droplets were not found to be more effective in our study.Conclusion sThe optimized NCTD nanoemulsion (triacetin/Cremophor EL/butanol (60/20/20, w/w)) exhibited effective insecticidal activity (LC50 60.414 mg/l, LC90 185.530 mg/l, 48 h) than the NCTD acetone solution (LC50 175.602 mg/L, LC90 303.050 mg/L, 48 h). Spontaneous emulsifying nanoemulsion employed to formulate this poor water-soluble pesticide is a potential system for agriculture application.
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Insects
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 3
·267
·
IF 2.9
Chunyan Yin,Ziyi Chen,Wei Chen,Zhenyu Wang
Simple SummaryManagingPlutella xylostellaandSpodoptera exiguahas traditionally relied on chemical insecticides, but resistance to these chemicals has become a major challenge in controlling these pests. Introducing new insecticides with a different mode of action is crucial for effective resistance management. Our study shows that fluxametamide exhibits strong insecticidal activity againstP. xylostellaandS. exigua. We assessed the susceptibility of field populations from key vegetable-growing regions in China and established a baseline of susceptibility to fluxametamide. The findings indicated thatP. xylostellaandS. exiguaare highly susceptible to this insecticide, and the baseline susceptibility data will serve as a reference for future resistance monitoring inP. xylostellaandS. exiguamanagement.Fluxametamide, an innovative isoxazoline insecticide, acts as an antagonist of γ-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channels. Its distinct mode of action sets it apart, lacking known cross-resistance with current insecticides. This positions fluxametamide as a promising tool for addressing insecticide resistance in Lepidoptera, thysanoptera, coleoptera, and diptera pest insects. To develop and implement successful resistance management strategies, it is crucial to establish the baseline susceptibility to this insecticide before it is registered and widely used in China. In this study, we assessed the baseline susceptibility of two widespread lepidopteran pest species,Plutella xylostellaandSpodoptera exigua, to fluxametamide. The insecticide exhibited remarkably high efficacy against populations of the two lepidopteran species sampled in their primary distribution areas in China. ForP. xylostellaandS. exigua, the median lethal concentrations (LC50) ranged between 0.040 and 0.247 mg/L, and 0.211 and 0.761 mg/L, respectively. Among populations, there was a relative low variability in susceptibility to fluxametamide, showing a 6.18-fold difference forP. xylostellaand 3.61-fold forS. exigua. The suggested diagnostic concentrations forP. xylostellaandS. exiguawere 10 and 15 mg/L, respectively. Fluxametamide exhibited high toxicity to the selected resistant strains, which displayed strong resistance to abamectin, emamectin benzoate, and deltamethrin. No cross-resistance to fluxametamide was detected in the laboratory diamide-resistant strain. Our findings offer essential insights for crafting successful resistance management initiatives to maintain the effectiveness of fluxametamide against these significant pests.
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Insects
·
2023
·Vol. 14
·期 7
·613
·
IF 3
Ruirui Zheng,Jinyu Zhao,Li Ma,Xingtao Qie,Xizhong Yan,Chi Hao
Simple SummaryPlutella xylostellais one of the most destructive insect pests affecting cruciferous vegetables. The use of various plant extracts for controlling this pest is increasing in popularity, as they are multi-bioactive, biodegradable, and ecologically safe. In this study, we evaluated the insecticidal oviposition deterrence and repellent activities ofAngelica pubescensextract and its compounds againstP. xylostella. TheA. pubescensextract, caryophyllene oxide, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, have been proven to have insecticidal and oviposition deterrent activities againstP. xylostella. TheA. pubescensextract and caryophyllene oxide also mediateP. xylostellarepellence. Overall, our results highlighted the potential ofA. pubescensextract, caryophyllene oxide, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid in controllingP. xylostellaand in the development of effective eco−friendly “inhibit and kill” insecticide formulations.AbstractPlutella xylostellaL. is a destructive pest affecting cruciferous vegetables, causing massive economic losses worldwide. Plant−based insecticides are considered promising insect control agents. TheAngelica pubescensextract inhibited female oviposition, with an oviposition deterrence index (ODI) of 61.65% at 12.5 mg/mL. We aimed to identify the bioactive compounds inA. pubescensextract. The compounds fromA. pubescensextract were analyzed using LC−MS techniques. The toxicity and behavioral responses of larvae and adults ofP. xylostellato ten compounds were investigated. We found that the caryophyllene oxide and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid inhibited female oviposition; the ODIs were 98.31% and 97.59% at 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. TheA. pubescensextract, caryophyllene oxide, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid caused larval mortality, with LC50values of 21.31, 4.56, and 5.52 mg/mL, respectively. The EAG response of females was higher than that of males underA. pubescensextract conditions, while the EAG response of males was higher than that of females in caryophyllene oxide and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid conditions. TheA. pubescensextract and caryophyllene oxide showed repellent activity against both female and male adults, while the 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid did not elicit any notable behavioral responses fromP. xylostellaadults.A. pubescensextract and caryophyllene oxide are potential insecticides, oviposition deterrents, and behavioral regulators againstP. xylostella, and they could be potential candidates for the development of biological insecticides to controlP. xylostella.Keywords:Plutella xylostella;Angelica pubescens;extract/compounds;toxicity;repellent effect
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Frontiers in Physiology
·
2020
·
IF 3.367
Li Fan,Li Ke,Wu Li-Juan,Fan Yong-Liang,Liu Tong-Xian
Oviposition is an important reproductive behavior that is triggered by mating in insects, and biogenic amines might be involved in its regulation. The effects of biogenic amines on oviposition have only been studied in a few insect species, and the findings to date have not been conclusive. In addition, there are few studies on the effects of biogenic amines on oviposition of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. Here, we tested how mating and biogenic amines regulate oviposition of P. xylostella by injecting amines and amine receptor antagonists into virgin and mated females and counting the number of eggs laid afterward. Biogenic amines of octopamine and tyramine could induce virgin adults of P. xylostella to lay eggs, while dopamine and serotonin had no such effect on oviposition. Furthermore, the octopamine antagonists mianserin, epinastine, and phentolamine inhibited oviposition by mated females. The tyramine antagonist yohimbine, dopamine antagonist SCH23390, and serotonin antagonist ketanserin did not block oviposition by mated females, and octopamine and tyramine-inducing oviposition by virgin females could be inhibited by the octopamine antagonists mianserin and epinastine instead of the tyramine antagonist yohimbine. We conclude that octopamine and its receptors are involved in mating-triggered oviposition in P. xylostella, while tyramine acts as a subsidiary. Further, the inducing effect of tyramine on oviposition is achieved via octopamine receptors instead of tyramine receptors. This experiment is helpful to further understand the role of biogenic amines in mating regulation and to provide a new strategy for controlling P. xylostella.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2020
·
IF 5.162
Jiyuan Liu,Ruichi Li,Tong Zhou,Shichang Cheng,Chaoxia Li,Xuan Ye,Yue Li,Zhen Tian
Insect pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) are believed to have a high degree of pheromone selectivity, acting as the first filter to discriminate specific pheromones from other volatile compounds. Herein, we provide evidence using homology-based model for the pheromone discrimination of Plutella xylostella pheromone binding protein 3 (PxPBP3). Combining molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro binding assays, two dominant sites are determined to be essential for the PxPBP3 to discriminate (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Hexadecenyl) from (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Hexadecenal). As the first key site for pheromone discrimination, Arg111 is indispensable to the PxPBP3-Hexadecenyl interaction. However, its importance in the binding of Hexadecenal to PxPBP3 is greatly reduced. A second site where pheromone discrimination occurs is a small loop (residues 34–38) in PxPBP3. It is shown that the hydrophobic strength provided by three hydrophobic residues (Phe34, Tyr37, and Trp38) in the small loop is significantly biased in the two complexes formed by PxPBP3 and the two pheromones. The discrimination capacity of PxPBP3 indicates that the P. xylostella pheromones may not share the same peri-receptor pathway, although they both show high affinity to PxPBP3.
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 77
·期 6
·2737-2746
·
IF 4.845
Mei-Mei Wang,Gui-Jun Long,Huan Guo,Xuan-Zheng Liu,Hong Wang,Youssef Dewer,Zhao-Qun Li,Kun Liu,Qiu-Liang Zhang,Yun-Feng Ma,Peng He,Ming He
BACKGROUND Carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) are thought to play a pivotal role in the degradation of sex pheromones and plant-derived odorants in insects, but their exact biochemistry and physiological functions remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, two paralogous antennae-enriched CCEs from Plutella xylostella (PxylCCE16a and 16c) were identified and functionally characterized. High-purity protein preparations of active recombinant PxylCCE16a and 16c have been obtained from Sf 9 insect cells by Ni 2+ affinity purification. Our results revealed that the purified recombinant PxylCCE016c is able to degrade two sex pheromone components Z9-14:Ac and Z11-16:Ac at 27.64 ± 0.79% and 24.40 ± 3.07%, respectively, while PxylCCE016a presented relatively lower activity. Additionally, a similar difference in activity was measured in plant-derived odorants. Furthermore, both CCEs displayed obvious preferences for the two sex pheromone components, especially on Z11-16:Ac ( K m values are in the range 7.82–45.06 μmol L –1 ) which much lower than plant odorants ( K m values are in the range 1290–4030 μmol L –1 ). Furthermore, the activity of the two newly identified CCEs is pH-dependent. The activity at pH 6.5 is obviously higher than that at pH 5.0. Interestingly, only PxylCCE016c can be inhibited by a common esterase inhibitor triphenyl phosphate (TPP) with LC 50 of 1570 ± 520 μmol L –1 . CONCLUSION PxylCCE16c plays a more essential role in odorant degradation than PxylCCE16a. Moreover, the current study provides novel potential pesticide targets for the notorious moth Plutella xylostella . © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 79
·期 12
·5270-5282
·
IF 4.1
Xi-Zhong Yan,Li Ma,Xiao-Fei Li,Le Chang,Qing-Zhao Liu,Cheng-Fei Song,Jin-Yu Zhao,Xing-Tao Qie,Cai-Ping Deng,Chen-Zhu Wang,Chi Hao
BACKGROUND The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , has developed resistance to almost all insecticides used for its control. The ‘push–pull’ method has been shown as an effective control strategy to address this resistance challenge of P. xylostella . The key focus of the strategy is the identification of attractive or repellent volatile components. The aim of this study was to identify attractive volatile compounds released from host plants. Identified compounds were applied in the biological control of this pest. RESULTS Nine active compounds released into the headspace of seven cruciferous plant species were identified using gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Electroantennographic detection-active compounds included five green leaf volatiles (hexanal, trans -2-hexen-1-ol, cis -3-hexen-1-ol, cis -3-hexenyl acetate, and 1-penten-3-ol), three isothiocyanates (isopropyl isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate, and butyl isothiocyanate), and nonanal. Except for nonanal, all the identified green leaf volatiles and isothiocyanates elicited strong electrophysiological and behavioral responses in P. xylostella . The strongest attractive compounds, trans -2-hexen-1-ol and isopropyl isothiocyanate, were further evaluated in oviposition and field-trapping assays. Results showed that they both lured female moths to lay eggs, and were highly attractive to P. xylostella adults in field, especially when used in combination with yellow and green sticky boards. However, a blend of the two compounds showed no synergistic effect, but rather an antagonistic effect. CONCLUSIONS Green leaf volatiles and isothiocyanates were identified as key olfactory cues for host selection of P. xylostella . Trans -2- hexen-1-ol and isopropyl isothiocyanate were identified as candidate attractive compounds to serve in a ‘push–pull’ strategy for P. xylostella control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Xiaoyi Huo,Yinna Wang,Zheming Liu,Jia Liu,Hang Zhu,Yong Zhou,Yilong Man,Xiaomao Zhou,Haihao Ma
The slowpoke channel responds to the intracellular calcium concentration and the depolarization of the cell membrane. It plays an important role in maintaining the resting potential and regulating the homeostasis of neurons, but it can also regulate circadian rhythm, sperm capacitation, ethanol tolerance, and other physiological processes in insects. This renders it a potentially useful target for the development of pest control strategies. There are relatively few studies on the slowpoke channels in lepidopteran pests, and their pharmacological properties are still unclear. So, in this study, the slowpoke gene of Plutella xylostella ( Pxslo ) was heterologous expressed in HEK293T cells, and the I-V curve of the slowpoke channel was measured by whole cell patch clamp recordings. Results showed that the slowpoke channel could be activated at −20 mV with 150 μM Ca 2+ . The subsequent comparison of the electrophysiological characteristics of the alternative splicing site E and G deletions showed that the deletion of the E site enhances the response of the slowpoke channel to depolarization, while the deletion of the G site weakens the response of the slowpoke channel to depolarization. Meanwhile, the nonspecific inhibitors TEA and 4-AP of the Kv channels, and four pesticides were tested and all showed an inhibition effect on the PxSlo channel at 10 or 100 μM, suggesting that these pesticides also target the slowpoke channel. This study enriches our understanding of the slowpoke channel in Lepidopteran insects and can aid in the development of relevant pest management strategies.
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Toxins
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 12
·842
·
IF 4.546
Xing Huang,Yulin Huang,Chunyue Yang,Tiantian Liu,Xing Liu,Haibin Yuan
Many plants show significant biological activity against pests due to their unique chemical constituents. It is important to identify effective constituents for their development and utilization as botanical pesticides. Our previous study showed thatArtemisia lavandulaefoliaessential oil had biological activity againstPlutella xylostella. Here, we isolated and identified the constituents of essential oil fromA.lavandulaefoliaby silica gel column chromatography. The main constituents identified were eucalyptol and caryophyllene oxide, and they were confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Eucalyptol and caryophyllene oxide showed strong contact toxicity againstP. xylostellalarvae after 24 h of application (Median lethal dose, LD50= 76.97 μL/mL and 20.71 mg/mL. Furthermore, the two active constituents againstP. xylostellaadults showed significant fumigant activity (Mmedian lethal concentration, LC50= 3.25 μL/L and 1.06 mg/L, respectively. Finally, we measured the detoxification enzymes and acetylcholinesterase of the larvae treated with active constituents. The eucalyptol-treated larvae displayed enhanced carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in an in vivo experiment, but it was lower for acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. The activities of the CarE and GST significantly decreased when exposed to caryophyllene oxide. In general, the two active constituents, eucalyptol and caryophyllene oxide, showed high insecticidal activity, which demonstrates their potential to be used as natural insecticides.Keywords:Artemisia lavandulaefoliaDC;Plutella xylostella;fractionation;insecticidal activityKey Contribution:To the best of our knowledge, we have systematically separated the components ofA. lavandulaefoliaand identified effective insecticidal active ingredients.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Zhuoda Liu,Yifei Zhou,Dongliang Wang,Ruichi Li,Zhen Tian,Yifan Li,Jiyuan Liu
The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance threatens global food security, with cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification representing a key adaptive mechanism in insects. However, direct biochemical evidence linking specific P450s to pyrethroid metabolism in Plutella xylostella remains limited. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of high-level pyrethroid resistance in P. xylostella. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of a susceptible strain and two highly resistant field populations (resistance ratios >650-fold) identified PxCYP6B4 as the most strongly overexpressed P450 (>95-fold). RNA interference-mediated knockdown of PxCYP6B4 significantly increased larval susceptibility to pyrethroids, while heterologous expression in Drosophila melanogaster conferred a 5.27-fold increase in tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin. Importantly, in vitro assays using recombinant PxCYP6B4 expressed in Sf9 cells, combined with LC–MS/MS analysis, demonstrated direct hydroxylation of lambda-cyhalothrin to 4′-hydroxy-lambda-cyhalothrin. These results establish a direct molecular and biochemical link between PxCYP6B4 overexpression and pyrethroid detoxification.
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