FUEL
·
2019
·
IF 5.128
Kejia He,Qiang Song,Zhennan Yan,Na Zheng,Qiang Yao
Alkaline injection is an effective way to control the emission of high concentration SO 3 caused by the use of high-sulfur coal and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), but its performance is affected by the competitive absorption of SO 2 . A fixed-bed reactor was used to study the competitive absorption of SO 3 and SO 2 by Ca(OH) 2 . The dynamic absorption curves in different atmospheres were obtained, the intermediate products were characterized, and the competitive absorption mechanism was discussed. The absorption of SO 3 and SO 2 consists of the chemical kinetics-controlled and product layer diffusion-controlled stages. In the chemical kinetics-controlled stage, the SO 3 and SO 2 removal efficiencies were around 90% and 55% at first and then decreased; the SO 3 selectivity was around 0.1 at first and then increased. In the product layer diffusion-controlled stage, the SO 3 removal efficiency gradually decreased but kept greater than 10%, while the SO 2 removal efficiency deceased to zero; the SO 3 selectivity continued to increase and reached 0.31 at most when SO 2 absorption ceased. There existed significant competition between SO 3 and SO 2 absorption. The increasing SO 3 concentration promoted the SO 3 absorption and the increasing SO 2 concentration decreased it. The absorption of SO 3 increased the intensity of the SO 4 2 - band, decrease the intensity of the SO 3 2 - band, and made the product layer more compact. The possibility of SO 3 reacting with the components (CaSO 3 , CaSO 4 and CaCO 3 ) on the reacted Ca(OH) 2 surface was analyzed. Ionic diffusion was proposed as the main mechanism of the continuous SO 3 absorption after the formation of a dense product layer.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2022
·
IF 4.654
Fei Wang,Fu-Peng Song,Chang Li,Meng-Ting Sun
The natural gas hydrate (NGH) technology has aroused more attention due to its great promise in natural gas (mainly containing methane) storage and transportation. Micronized swollen hydrogel poly(styrenesulfonate-co-acrylamide) (PSS-co-AAm), which included ample −SO3– groups, could remarkably promote methane hydrate formation kinetics. To further improve the promotion efficiency of this hydrogel-based promoter, we optimized the monomer ratio, that is, the molar ratio of styrenesulfonate to acrylamide (MRSA), during hydrogel preparation and investigated the effects of −SO3– density on the promotion efficiency of the hydrogel. Results indicated that the hydrogel at an appropriate MRSA performed better at promoting methane hydrate formation kinetics. Hydrate formation processes within hydrogels at MRSAs of 1:2 and 1:3 reached the highest hydrate formation rates of 0.0741 ± 0.0132 mmol mL–1 min–1 and the highest storage capacities of 126.5 ± 9.35 v/v, respectively. At MRSAs of 1:1 and 1:2, hydrate formation processes occurred with short induction durations of 24.33 ± 25.73 min and 34.33 ± 59.47 min, respectively. This revealed that high −SO3– density could be in favor of accelerating methane hydrate formation. Additionally, −SO3– density could also influence absorption capacity and water distribution of the hydrogel, which further affected promotion efficiency in methane hydrate formation kinetics. This work might be beneficial to large-scale applications of the PSS-co-AAm hydrogel promoter and be significant for the industrialization of the NGH technology.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 12.5
Qi Ao,Lin Jiang,Jun Tang
Biodiesel, a renewable bio-based transport fuel consisting of alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids, is gaining attention as an alternative to non-renewable petroleum diesel. We prepared adjustable interlayer spacing urea-crosslinked 3D graphene oxide/MXene-SO 3 /cyclodextrin (MGUC) film to achieve efficient and sustainable biodiesel production. Ti 3 C 2 T X (MXene) grafted sulfonic acid groups as acid-catalytic sites of the film with graphene oxide (GO) via urea cross-linking and doping cyclodextrin (CD) to construct multistage pore structures (internal pore structures generated by urea cross-linking as well as CD host-guest structures) synergistically catalyzed biodiesel production. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous carbon-based materials based on GO and MXene-S have excellent photothermal efficiency, which can achieve 95.6 % biodiesel conversion at 4 h and maintain 75.32 % activity after 8 cycles. We verified the reason for the high catalytic activity of the MGUC films, which rationalized the fast mass transfer mechanism of CD by Density functional theory (DFT)and verified the transport mechanism of the heterojunction for efficient photothermal. Therefore, this CD carbon-based solid acid film catalytic platform provides a new direction for the green and efficient preparation of bioenergy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源化学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Zaizheng Jiang,Zhiliang Tu,Zhihe Xin,Guodong Zhang,Fei Wang,Yongtao Zhang
Low-concentration coalbed methane (LCCBM) is an abundant unconventional natural gas resource, but the utilization efficiency of methane (CH4) is very low. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) enhances hydration for CH4 recovery but generates foams during hydrate dissociation, limiting continuous production. To address this issue, the –SO3– group was fixed on the polystyrene nanopolymers (named –SO3–@PSNS) for enhancing hydration to recover CH4 from 21.59 mol % CH4/78.41 mol % N2 in this work. The optimal CH4 recovery effect was obtained when SDS concentration was 4 mmol/L and –SO3–@PSNS concentration was 8 mmol/L. Due to the foams generated by the addition of SDS during the hydrate decomposition, THF in the system decreased from 1 mol % to 0.37 mol % after the reaction but only decreased to 0.96 mol % when –SO3–@PSNS was added. –SO3–@PSNS has important prospects for the application of hydrate-based CH4 recovery from LCCBM.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2020
·
IF 3.871
Xiaoke Ma,Bing Liu,Tianxiang Ma,Hai-Kui Zou,Guang-Wen Chu,Bao-Chang Sun,Liangliang Zhang,Yong Luo,Jian-Feng Chen
In this work, petroleum sulfonate (PS), which can be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), was synthesized by sulfonation of distillate oil using gaseous SO 3 in a rotating packed bed. The prepared PS was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, negative electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry [(−) ESI FT-ICR MS] and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that the PS contains N1, O1, O2, O3, N1O2, O3S, O4S, and N1O3S classes, among which O3S, O4S, and N1O3S are the three main classes. And the chemical composition of the PS was obtained by the combined analysis of the double-bond equivalent (DBE) and carbon number (CN). TGA results showed that PS is thermally stable at the conventional reservoir temperature (less than 200 °C). In addition, the EOR performance of PS was studied by measuring surface tension, interfacial tension (IFT), wettability alteration and core-flooding experiments. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the prepared PS with a value of 0.2% was also determined by surface tension method. An ultra-low oil-water IFT value 1.327 × 10 −3 mN/m was obtained at the CMC of PS solution. It was also found that adding PS into brine can decrease the contact angle below 90°, indicating that it can alter the rock wettability from oil-wet to water-wet surface which contributes to enhancing oil recovery. Finally, core-flooding experiments were carried out with different PS concentrations. The results showed that an additional recovery of about 30% after conventional water flooding can be obtained at a PS concentration of 0.3%. This study indicated that the PS synthesized by gas-phase SO 3 sulfonation in RPB has good EOR performance, and the work is helpful for the learning of the relationship between PS composition and EOR performance and give the guidance for PS’s synthesis.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
石油工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Bowen Li,Zhen Zhang,Tingfeng Shan,Qi Zhang,Yusi He,Xiangfu Wang,Hongmin Yang
The by-product SO 3 , generated by the conventional catalyst V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 employed in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, has garnered attention in pollution control efforts. Studies on existing control have predominantly concentrated on the tail gas section, with insufficient understanding of in-situ suppression theories and methods at the source of SO 3 generation. We propose for the first time the introduction of low-valence reduced sulfur to synthesize a novel SCR catalyst, V 2 O 5 -WS 2 /TiO 2 , which elucidates the remarkable effect and in-situ mechanism of action in inhibiting SO 3 formation at its source. Compared to conventional catalysts, the new catalysts showed enhanced SO 3 inhibition, particularly at 350 °C, where SO 3 production was 64.1 % and 33.9 % lower than that with VTi and VW/Ti catalysts, respectively. This was due to their reduced surface area, smaller pore volume, and fewer alkaline sites, which hindered SO 2 adsorption and oxidation. The results revealed that S 2− on the catalyst surface reacts with V 5+ , reducing it to V 4+ and V 3+ . This reaction hinders the interaction between V 5+ -OH and adsorbed SO 2 , thereby reducing the formation of VOSO 4 intermediates. Furthermore, the W S bond in WS 2 impedes the formation of intermediate HSO 4 − , and the reduction of these intermediates ultimately leads to a decrease in SO 3 generation. Additionally, the incompletely depleted S 2− reacts with the final SO 3 produced, forming SO 2 and SO 4 2− , which further decreases the SO 3 generation rate and supports the maintenance of a reduced state on the catalyst surface. It is evident that low-valence reduced sulfur plays a crucial role in inhibiting SO 3 generation.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Tingfeng Shan,Zhen Zhang,Bowen Li,Qi Zhang,Xiangfu Wang,Yusi He,Hongmin Yang
The utilization of commercial vanadium-titanium based catalysts (V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 ) within the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process is a prominent contributor to the emergence of sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ) in coal-fired boiler environments. The direct modification of vanadium-titanium based catalysts has big potential to be an efficacious strategy for in-situ inhibiting SO 3 formation. This research evaluates the effectiveness of MoS 2 modified V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 catalyst on SO 2 oxidation under diverse conditions, using controlled condensation for SO 3 collection. The results showed that V 2 O 5 -MoS 2 /TiO 2 catalysts outperformed conventional V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 catalysts in inhibiting the oxidation from SO 2 to SO 3 between 200 and 400 °C, with optimal performance at 350 °C. No significant effect was observed on the catalytic oxidation of SO 2 when the O 2 concentration was lower than that of SO 2 , whereas the introduction of appropriate quantities of NO promoted the generation of SO 3 . The excessive inclusion of NH 3 nearly doubled the SO 3 generation rate, increasing it from 0.284 % to 0.434 %. The NO and NH 3 mixture markedly reduced SO 3 generation to 0.085 % at a 62 mL/min mixture concentration, just 30 % of the rate without the mixture. Following the reaction of SO 2 and O 2 , the reacted catalyst exhibited reduced pore volume, enhanced thermochemical stability, and lower susceptibility to SO 2 catalytic oxidation. The addition of low-valence sulfur improves catalyst reducibility, reduces V 5+ –OH reactions in various atmospheres, and decreases the formation of sulphate and gaseous SO 3 . The Mo-S-Mo group also effectively prevents the formation of HSO 4 − intermediates. Additionally, MoS 2 reacts with SO 3 via a reduction reaction, significantly lowering the SO 3 levels. Finally, in diverse atmospheric conditions, the catalysts maintained their V 5+ content and catalytic efficiency, thus improving SCR performance stability.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
催化
·
化学工程
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2016
·Vol. 5
·期 6
·2640-2648
·
IF 8.262
Fei Wang,Gang Guo,Sheng-Jun Luo,Rong-Bo Guo
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been confirmed to be the most efficient promoter of gas hydrate formation; however, the foam generation during hydrate dissociation severely limits its application. In this study, the –SO3− group, similar to the hydrophilic group of SDS, was covalently fixed on polystyrene nanoparticles to prepare –SO3−-coated nanopromoters (–SO3−@PSNS) for methane hydrate formation. The existing form of –SO3− groups was controlled by varying the ratio of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers during emulsion polymerization, which produced significant influence on the promotion efficiency. At the initial pressure of 5 MPa, when –SO3− groups existed irregularly with the macromolecules of –SO3−@PSNS in solution (–SO3−@PSNS-1), the growth rate was merely 8.02 ± 0.95 × 10−6 mol min−1 mL−1; however, when –SO3− groups were uniformly arrayed on the surface of the –SO3−@PSNS nanospheres (–SO3−@PSNS-2-3-4), the growth rate reached 18.08 ± 3.29–40.97 ± 2.89 × 10−6 mol min−1 mL−1. When nanopromoters with regularly arrayed –SO3− groups (–SO3−@PSNS-2-3) were used at the initial pressure of 6 MPa, the entire hydrate formation process was completed within 1–2 h and the methane storage capacity reached 142 and 137 v/v, indicating much better promotion compared to other common promoters, such as SDS, nanofluids, and activated carbon. Moreover, –SO3−@PSNS-3 resulted in no foam generation during hydrate dissociation and produced excellent recycling performance in 8 cycles of methane hydrate formation. Therefore, the –SO3−-coated nanopromoters developed in this study have significant potential in the industrial application of hydrate-based natural gas storage and transportation.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Fei Wang,Fu-Peng Song,Chang Li,Meng-Ting Sun
Natural gas hydrate (NGH) technology holds great promise in natural gas storage and transportation. Utilization of promotor can effectively improve NGH formation kinetics. In this work, we constructed -SO 3 - -rich hydrogel clathrate (poly(styrenesulfonate-co-acrylamide), (PSS-co-AAm)) as promoter for methane hydrate formation , with aims of achieving rapid formation rate as well as high storage efficiency. Within swollen PSS-co-AAm hydrogel particles at swelling ratio of 120 g g −1 , induction time was 141.0 ± 121.6 min, hydrate growth rate was 0.1773 ± 0.0152 mmol mL −1 min −1 , and storage capacity was 110.84 ± 1.01 v/v, indicating that PSS-co-AAm strongly promoted hydrate formation kinetics. This was principally because PSS-co-AAm could accelerate hydrate formation via abundant -SO 3 - groups, and meanwhile increase mass transfer via enlarged gas–liquid interface. More importantly, PSS-co-AAm could slightly improve hydrate compactness and completely avoid foaming problem, and meanwhile scarcely cause severe pollution during utilization. The promoting efficiency of PSS-co-AAm were vulnerable to swelling ratio, and the swelling ratio in the range of 60 ∼ 120 g g −1 was preferable. This hydrogel-based promoter was effective and eco-friendly for methane hydrate formation, which might be benefit for large-scale industrialization of NGH technology.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2019
·
IF 5.128
Jianyi Lu,Zhiyong Zhou,Hanzhi Zhang,Zhe Yang
SO 3 generated in coal-fired boiler and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process has become a significant problem due to its adverse effects on boiler facilities and air environment. The factors influenced conversion rate of SO 2 to SO 3 (SO 2 /SO 3 ) during SCR process were studied and evaluated, which included the effects of flue gas composition and SCR catalyst components on the conversion of SO 2 /SO 3 . SO 3 was trapped by the condensation and isopropanol absorption method, and SO 4 2− concentration was detected by spectrophotometer. The results showed that a certain concentration of NH 3 in the flue gas significantly promoted the conversion rate, but when NH 3 and NO coexisted, NO inhibited the catalytic action of NH 3 , while NO itself and O 2 had small effect on the conversion rate. Besides, the conversion rate of SO 2 increased with the increase of Ti and V content in the catalyst, and SiO 2 and BaO abated the catalytic oxidation of SO 2 , while WO 3 promoted the formation of SO 3 .
研究领域:
环境工程
·
化学工程
·
能源技术
·
空气污染控制
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 7.149
Zequn Yang,Hailong Li,Wenqi Qu,Mingguang Zhang,Yong Feng,Jiexia Zhao,Jianping Yang,Kaimin Shih
Mineral sulfide based sorbents were superior alternatives to traditional activated carbons for elemental mercury (Hg0) immobilization in industrial flue gas. A systematical study concerning the influence of sulfur trioxide (SO3) on Hg0 adsorption over a nanosized copper sulfide (Nano-CuS) was for the first time conducted. SO3 was found to significantly inhibit the Hg0 removal over Nano-CuS partially because SO3 oxidized the reduced sulfur species (sulfide) with high affinity to mercury to its oxidized sulfur species (sulfate). Moreover, a brand new “oxidation-reduction” mechanism that led to a simultaneous oxidation of sulfide and reduction of mercury on the immobilized mercury sulfide (HgS) was responsible for the inhibitory effect. Even though the released Hg0 from the reduction of mercury in HgS could be oxidized by SO3 into its sulfate form (HgSO4) and recaptured by the sorbent, the “oxidation-reduction” mechanism still compromised the Hg0 capture performance of the Nano-CuS because HgSO4 deposited on the sorbent surface could be easily leached out when environmentally exposed. These new insights into the role of SO3 in Hg0 capture over Nano-CuS can help to determine possible solutions and facilitate the application of mineral sulfide sorbents as outstanding alternatives to activated carbons for Hg0 immobilization in industrial flue gas.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
·
污染控制
·
汞去除
·
气相吸附
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2017
·Vol. 5
·期 35
·18486-18493
·
IF 8.867
Fei Wang,Gang Guo,Sheng-Jun Luo,Rong-Bo Guo
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been reported to be the most efficient promoter for hydrate-based natural gas storage and transportation, however, foam generation during hydrate dissociation seriously affects its application. Nano-metal particles have also been demonstrated to be efficient promoters, nevertheless their poor stability is a serious problem. In this work, we first fixed –SO3− groups (similar to the hydrophilic group of SDS) covalently on polystyrene through soap-free emulsion polymerization to synthesize –SO3−-coated nanopolymers, and by tuning their morphology they existed as amorphous polystyrene macromolecules (–SO3−@PSMM) or uniform polystyrene nanospheres (–SO3−@PSNS). Afterwards, we grafted nano-Ag particles with the size of 2–5 nm on the –SO3−-coated nanopolymers through electrostatic adsorption and in situ reduction to prepare Ag&–SO3−-coated nanopolymers (denoted as Ag&–SO3−@PSMM and Ag&–SO3−@PSNS), which were then used for the first time to promote methane hydrate formation. When 0.5 mmol L−1 amorphous Ag&–SO3−@PSMM was used at an initial pressure of 6 MPa and temperature of 275.15 K, the induction period was 32.2 ± 7.9–60.8 ± 14.2 min, the growth period was 108.8 ± 8.2–177.1 ± 38.9 min and the methane storage capacity reached 143.9 ± 3.7–145.2 ± 1.2 v/v, whereas when the spherical Ag&–SO3−@PSNS was used at 0.5 mmol L−1, the induction period and growth period were 17.8 ± 2.8–38.5 ± 8.0 and 39.6 ± 2.8–42.1 ± 0.9 min, respectively; and the storage capacity reached 149.3 ± 1.2–151.3 ± 3.0 v/v, indicating that Ag&–SO3−@PSNS were much better promoters compared with Ag&–SO3−@PSMM. Moreover, Ag&–SO3−@PSNS exhibited excellent recycling performance for 10 cycles of methane hydrate formation–dissociation. To sum up, the Ag&–SO3−-coated nano-promoters developed in this work showed significant potential in achieving the industrial application of hydrate-based natural gas storage and transportation.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）