FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Mengmeng Chen,Mingyang Xue,Yong Zhou,Chen Xu,Nan Jiang,Yuding Fan,Yan Meng
Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV), also known as largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is a highly damaging viral pathogen that causes widespread mortality in cultured largemouth bass and poses a significant threat to the farming industry in China. However, there is a paucity of effective preventive methods for this disease by LMBRaV. Research has established that herbal extracts possess antiviral activity, potentially exerting a controlling effect on viruses in aquaculture. Therefore, the identification of simple and structurally safe herbal extract immunomodulators is critical for largemouth bass health and development. Rhein, an herbal compound, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects in herbal medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the properties and effects of rhein against LMBRaV in epithelioma papilloma cyprinid (EPC) and largemouth bass. In vitro CCK-8 assays were performed to determine the highest safe concentrations. Significantly, 50 mg/L rhein effectively inhibited cytopathic effects (CPE) in EPC induced by LMBRaV, resulting in a 97 % reduction in viral replication rates. Furthermore, a six-point dose-response experiment revealed that rhein doses as low as 6.4 mg/L inhibited LMBRaV and suppressed LMBRaV infection with a dose-dependent manner. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that sustained rhein activity effectively alleviated CPE and nuclear damage caused by LMBRaV infection. Additionally, rhein exerted protective effects against declines in LMBRaV-induced mitochondrial membrane potential. In vivo experiments validated that largemouth bass diets supplemented with 0.075 % rhein exerted a protective effect against LMBRaV infection. Moreover, LMBRaV MCP gene expression levels were lower in several organs of fish in the rhein supplementation group. Immunogene analysis determined that rhein upregulated relevant gene expression levels in multiple organs of largemouth bass, with higher activities observed for the Mx, INF-γ, and IRF3 genes. Histopathological results displayed that a supplemental dosage of 0.075 % rhein significantly mitigated LMBRaV infection-induced pathological damage in the liver, spleen, and kidney. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro results support the effective use of rhein as a promising candidate for the development of antiviral treatment against LMBRaV infection, highlighting its role in aquatic animal husbandry as a wide-spectrum antiviral and immune response booster.
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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Jingya Li,Mingyang Xue,Chen Xu,Nan Jiang,Yiqun Li,Yuding Fan,Yong Zhou,Yan Meng
It is well-established that Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBRaV) induces viral ulcerative syndrome, a highly transmissible and lethal viral disease afflicting largemouth bass aquaculture. Given the urgent need for available prevention and control methods, this study evaluated the antiviral activities of fifteen naturally occurring compounds derived from herbal medicines against LMBRaV using an in vitro cell model. Andrographolide (Andro) was one of the substances that was evaluated and showed highly effective anti-LMBRaV activity of a 99.2 % maximal inhibition rate of at 20 mg/L dosage. Mechanistic investigation revealed Andro prevented viral entry and directly inactivated the virus. Ultrastructural observations and fluorescence staining further supported Andro's protective effects on EPC cells from LMBRaV invasion. In vivo experiments demonstrated Andro's efficacy in reducing mortality rates in LMBRaV-infected largemouth bass by 61.54 % and significantly lowering the viral load. Additionally, Andro upregulated antiviral genes such as ifn-γ , irf-3 , and mx , indicating its immunomodulatory properties. Histopathological analysis revealed that Andro alleviated tissue damage of liver, spleen, and kidney in the infected fish. Andro also changed the microbiotic composition of gut by increasing the amounts of good bacteria and reducing amounts of bad bacteria. These findings collectively highlight Andro's substantial antiviral and immunomodulatory potential, suggesting its promising application as a natural compound for combating LMBRaV infections in largemouth bass aquaculture and potentially other aquatic animal diseases.
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AQUACULTURE
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Guang-shuo Wang,Jia-cheng Qin,Yun-long Qin,Yao Wang,Bin Yang,Xiang Liu,Fei Ling,Gao-xue Wang
Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) poses a serious threat to commercial fish production, resulting in significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. To date, no approved treatment for LMBV infection exists. In response to this urgent need, we conducted an investigation into the anti-LMBV activity of 15 natural compounds. Among these compounds, luteolin (LUT) was the most effective, with a remarkable inhibition rate of 97.27 % on LMBV replication. In vitro antiviral activity assays further demonstrated that LUT significantly inhibited LMBV replication in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was 2.77 μM. Additionally, viral titers and cytopathic effect (CPE) were reduced in the presence of LUT, suggesting its potential to protect infected cells. Mechanistically, LUT could directly affect LMBV particles and weaken their infectivity. Furthermore, LUT was effective in inhibiting LMBV adsorption to host cells and had preventive effects. In vivo studies revealed that LUT improved the survival rate of largemouth bass infected with LMBV. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays demonstrated that LUT significantly decreased viral loads in the liver, spleen, and kidney of largemouth bass at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after infection. These findings suggest that LUT has the potential as a therapeutic agent to protect economically valuable fish from LMBV infection.
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Aquaculture Reports
·
2025
·
IF 3.7
Jing Ni,Mao Lin,Ruifang Wang,Ying Ma,Hejian Xiong
Curcumin (Cur) is a polyphenolic compound with pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, its low solubility and poor stability limit its absorption in vivo. Our laboratory previously synthesized a highly water-soluble valine-curcumin (Val-Cur), increasing its solubility by approximately 9000 times. In this study, based on the evaluation of the antibacterial ability of Val-Cur against three common aquatic pathogens ( Aeromonas hydrophila , Edwardsiella tarda , and Aeromonas veronii ), Val-Cur was added to the feed of juvenile largemouth bass, and for the first time, HPLC was used for Val-Cur detection in vivo; additionally, its pharmacokinetics and effects on disease resistance in fish were investigated. Following a single oral dose (10 mg/kg) of Cur or Val-Cur to largemouth bass, the drug concentration in blood exceeded that in the liver and muscle within 48 h. Compared with Cur, Val-Cur exhibited a delayed peak time in blood, a higher peak concentration (C max = 4.404 μg/mL), a 149 % increase in retention time, and a total drug clearance of 0.005 L·(h·kg) −1 (a 20.4-fold decrease). In the liver and muscle, Val-Cur showed a peak concentration (C max ) 9–10 times higher than Cur, with a 74 %-103 % increase in retention duration and a 15- to 16-fold decrease in clearance. Fecal analysis revealed that Cur excretion was more than five times that of Val-Cur excretion. Compared to those that fed the basal diet (CK) or the diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg curcumin (Cur), the survival rate of largemouth bass infected with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly higher in the group that fed a diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg Val-Cur. Additionally, the Val-Cur-supplemented diet better preserved the integrity of the intestinal tissue structure. This study provides a valuable theoretical foundation for elucidating the mechanisms of Val-Cur and supports the application of water-soluble curcumin in aquaculture.
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Animals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 13
·2032
·
IF 3.2
Jing Ni,Hejian Xiong,Ruifang Wang,Yuanhong Xie,Lixing Huang,Ying Ma,Chuanbo He
Simple SummaryCurcumin holds great potential as a natural immunostimulant in animal nutrition, yet its practical application is severely constrained by low water solubility and poor bioavailability. We previously synthesized a highly water-soluble valine-curcumin conjugate (Val-Cur). This study now presents the first comprehensive in vivo evaluation of Val-Cur in largemouth bass, systematically revealing its enhanced efficacy and underlying physiological mechanisms. We found that dietary Val-Cur at doses as low as 15–30 mg/kg outperforms native curcumin (60 mg/kg) across multiple key metrics: it more effectively promotes growth, improves serum lipid profiles, and strengthens systemic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. These benefits are achieved through a coordinated mechanism that includes reinforcing intestinal barrier integrity, modulating apoptosis-related gene expression, and beneficially reshaping the gut microbiota—specifically by inhibiting potential pathogens while enriching beneficial, short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. The poor water solubility of curcumin is a major bottleneck in animal nutrition. Our findings demonstrate that an amino acid conjugation strategy effectively reduces the effective dose while surpassing native curcumin in efficacy, representing an important step for functional feed development.Curcumin (Cur), a polyphenol with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is widely used in aquaculture. However, its low water solubility limits bioavailability. This study first investigated the effects of a highly water-soluble and bioavailable valine-curcumin (Val-Cur) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory factor expression and gut microbiota in juvenile largemouth bass. A total of 450 healthy largemouth bass (initial weight 12.00 ± 0.45 g per fish) were randomly divided into six groups: the basal diet group (CK), the group supplemented with 60 mg/kg of curcumin (Cur), and groups that were fed with 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg of Val-Cur. Each group had three replicates (25 fish per replicate). After 8 weeks, compared with both the CK and Cur groups, 30–60 mg/kg Val-Cur displayed significantly increased growth rates, specific growth rates, and protein conversion efficiency, and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio. Quadratic regression analysis indicated that the optimal supplementation level was approximately 51.62 mg/kg Val-Cur. The Cur and Val-Cur between 30 and 60 mg/kg groups also displayed significantly improved serum biochemical indicators (↑HDL-C, ALB, LZM, CAT and SOD, and ↓MDA). These groups also promoted the expression of intestinal anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1andIL-10) and physical barrier genes (Claudin1,OccludinandClaudin4). In terms of regulating the intestinal microbiota, both Cur and Val-Cur significantly reduced the bacterial diversity (↓Sobs, Chao1 and PD indices) and increased the evenness of bacterial distribution (↑Simpson, Shannon and Pielou indices). In addition, the abundance of some potential pathogens (e.g.,Plesiomonas,Plesiomonas shigelloides, andPseudomonas fluorescens) significantly decreased, while the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g.,Faecalibaculum,Faecalibaculum rodentiumandLactobacillus murinus) significantly increased. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria was positively correlated with improvement in growth performance, serum biochemical and antioxidant capacity indicators. In summary, Val-Cur exerted superior biological effects at lower dietary inclusion levels than Cur. This study laid a theoretical foundation for elucidating the mechanism of Val-Cur in improving fish immunity and promoting the application of water-soluble curcumin in aquaculture.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.714
Luyun Cai,Wendi Zhang,Ailing Cao,Minjie Cao
This study investigated the effects of different thawing methods on the quality of largemouth bass. The viscoelastic properties of proteins in Ultrasonics combined with microwave thawing (UMT) and Ultrasonics combined with far-infrared thawing (UIT) samples were closer to FS, which was an indication of good gelation and gel quality. Zeta potential, Raman spectra before and after H/D isotope exchange were used to measure the protein aggregation and the secondary structure of protein. Fourier transform Raman spectra and Raman spectra have been used to investigate the chemical changes in fish lipid during lipid oxidation. Results indicated that both UMT and UIT showed protein stability and gelation property. Thus, it was proved that UMT and UIT could be potentially used to improve the fish quality during thawing process.
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JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
·
2022
·Vol. 46
·期 3
·261-271
·
IF 2.58
Mengmeng Wang,Bin Yang,Zongyi Ren,Jietao Liu,Chenwang Lu,Haifeng Jiang,Fei Ling,Gaoxue Wang,Tianqiang Liu
Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a systemic viral pathogen that can cause high mortality rates in cultivated largemouth bass. However, no treatment is currently approved. Therapeutic strategies against LMBV infection are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of piperine against LMBV in vitro and in vivo. In vitro antiviral activity assay showed that 210.28 μM piperine significantly decreased LMBV major capsid protein (MCP) gene expression in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells by a maximum inhibitory rate of >95%. Piperine treatment inhibited LMBV replication in a dose-dependent manner, with the half-maximal activity (IC 50 ) of 34.61 μM. Moreover, piperine significantly decreased the viral titers and cytopathic effects (CPE), contributing to the protection of infected cells. With regard to the steps of piperine affecting the life cycle of viruses, piperine had a direct inactivating effect on LMBV. During the virus adsorption phase, piperine prevented the adsorption of LMBV to EPC cells. Furthermore, piperine played an antiviral role mainly in the later stages of viral infection (4–8 h). To further evaluate the antiviral activity of piperine against LMBV in vivo, largemouth bass as a model organism was carried out in relevant experiments. Intraperitoneal injection of piperine (25 mg/kg) effectively improved the survival rate of LMBV-infected largemouth bass by 20%. In addition, RT-qPCR results of viral replication in liver, spleen, kidney, gill and swim bladder tissues showed that piperine significantly inhibited LMBV replication in vivo, thus protecting largemouth bass from LMBV-induced death. Together, our results suggested that piperine is a therapeutic and preventative agent against LMBV infection.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 85
·期 3
·582-591
·
IF 2.479
Luyun Cai,Jiangli Wan,Xiuxia Li,Jianrong Li
To evaluate the physicochemical properties and structure of thawed fillets, following six treatments were used: conventional thawing, microwave thawing, microwave or ultrasound combined with vacuum thawing, magnetic nanoparticles combined with microwave or far-infrared thawing. The thawing loss, cooking loss, pH, color, texture change, water-holding capacity, and water migration of fish fillets were determined. The total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid were used to determine the degree of protein degradation and lipid oxidation. Microscope observations and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe fiber microstructure. Results indicated that both microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing had desirable physicochemical properties as compared to other thawing methods. The lower total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid values had less effect on protein degradation and lipid oxidation of thawing process. Besides, both microwaves combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing samples had no significant difference in immobilized and bond water compared with fresh sample. SEM and microscopic observation showed that the myofibril bundles were arranged regularly and smoothly in microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing samples compared with other thawed methods. Thus, the microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing as potential thawing methods could be used to maintain the quality of thawed fish fillets. Practical Application Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) is a good source of animal protein. The fish needs to be frozen for circulation because of geographical and seasonal factors, so thawing methods can directly affect the quality of thawed fish. The results showed that the microwave combined with vacuum and the magnetic nanoparticles combined with far-infrared thawing could better maintain the quality of thawed fish.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Xuan Liu,Chuanfeng Hu,Yonghui Xu,Lan Wang,Yu Qiao
Thermal processing can enhance the nutritional quality and flavor of aquatic products; however, hazardous compounds such as acrylamide formed during the process may exert adverse effects on proteins and intestinal health. In this study, myofibrillar protein (MP) extracted from Largemouth Bass was used as a model to systematically investigate the regulatory effects of quercetin on acrylamide-induced protein damage and intestinal health impairment. The results showed that AA treatment significantly increased the particle size of MP, promoted protein aggregation, and markedly reduced the α-helix content, indicating severe structural disruption. Quercetin pretreatment effectively mitigated these structural alterations, with the most pronounced effect observed at a concentration of 3%, where the particle size decreased to 106.98 μm and the α-helix content increased to 22.42%. Furthermore, results from in vitro digestion and gut microbiota fermentation revealed that AA significantly decreased the digestibility of MP (from 76.68% to 54.87%, p < 0.01), reduced Caco-2 cell viability, and increased the apoptosis rate. Pretreatment with 3% quercetin markedly improved protein digestibility (71.88%), enhanced Caco-2 cell viability, and inhibited apoptosis. Overall, this study elucidates the detrimental effects of acrylamide on MPs and intestinal health and demonstrates the potential of quercetin in alleviating acrylamide-induced damage, providing a theoretical basis for the application of natural bioactives in improving the nutritional quality of aquatic products and controlling hazardous compounds during processing.
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JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
·
2022
·Vol. 45
·期 11
·1599-1607
·
IF 2.58
Xin-Yuan Jiang,Zong-Yi Ren,Nian-Kun Zhang,Ke-Chen Yang,Gao-Xue Wang,Hai-Feng Jiang
Nocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae is a major threat to the aquaculture industry. Given that prolonged therapy administration can lead to a growth of antibiotic resistant strains, new antibacterial agents and alternative strategies are urgently needed. In this study, 80 medicinal plants were selected for antibacterial screening to obtain potent bioactive compounds against N. seriolae infection. The methanolic extracts of Magnolia officinalis exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against N. seriolae with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/ml. Honokiol and magnolol as the main bioactive components of M. officinalis showed higher activity with the MIC value of 3.12 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively. Sequentially, the evaluation of antibacterial activity of honokiol in vivo showed that honokiol had good biosafety, and could significantly reduce the bacterial load of nocardia-infected largemouth bass ( p < .001). Furthermore, the survival rate of nocardia-infected fish fed with 100 mg/kg honokiol was obviously improved ( p < .05). Collectively, these results suggest that medicinal plants represent a promising reservoir for discovering active components against Nocardia , and honokiol has great potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to control nocardiosis in aquaculture.
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International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science
·
2019
·
IF 0
Jiangli Wan,Ailing Cao,Luyun Cai
In order to estimate the effects of vacuum (Vacuum boiling (VB), Vacuum steaming (VS)) or sous-vide cooking (SV) methods on the quality of largemouth bass compared with traditional cooking methods (Boiling (BT), Steaming (ST)), the pH, cooking loss, color and texture indicator were used to evaluate physicochemical changes. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used to analyze lipid oxidation. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used to explore the water migration and distribution. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure. Raman spectroscopy was carried out to determine the structural changes. The results showed that the VS and SV samples had desired quality, showing more stable protein secondary structure and lower lipid oxidation. In addition, the VS and SV samples had more regular and smooth myofibril bundles compared with other cooked samples. Thus, the VS and SV cooking methods could be used to better maintain the quality of fillets.
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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Mengmeng Wang,Bin Yang,Tao Liu,Pengfei Li,Shangjie Bai,Zhengyang Zhou,Xiang Liu,Maosheng He,Fei Ling,Gaoxue Wang
The largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a commonly encountered pathogen in aquaculture and presents significant challenges to development of the largemouth bass industry due to the lack of effective treatment methods. Here, the inhibitory potential and underlying mechanisms of adamantoyl chloride (AdCl) against LMBV were assessed both in vitro and in vivo . The results showed that AdCl (IC 50 = 72.35 μM) significantly inhibited replication of LMBV in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and cytopathic effect (CPE) assays confirmed that AdCl inhibited replication of LMBV in EPC cells and significantly reduced the CPE effect, respectively. As a potential mechanism, AdCl inhibited apoptosis as determined by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate was decreased by 69 % in the AdCl-treated group as compared to the LMBV-infected group. Additionally, AdCl inhibited viral release. In vivo , the survival rate was 16.2 % higher in the AdCl-treated group as compared to the LMBV-infected group (26.9 % vs. 10.7 %, respectively). Additionally, the results of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that AdCl significantly reduced the viral load of the fish liver, spleen, and kidneys at 3, 6, and 9 days postinfection. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis found that AdCl upregulated expression of immune-related genes to suppress replication of LMBV. Collectively, these results confirmed the anti-LMBV activities of AdCl for use in the aquaculture industry.
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