NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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2017
·Vol. 41
·期 22
·13365-13369
·
IF 3.269
Cui Zheng,Xueqin An,Tianxiang Yin
New metal-free catalytic systems with carbon dots (CDs) have been presented for the degradation of thymol blue at room temperature. It was found that degradation efficiency was influenced by the pH value, the concentration of H2O2 and the addition of KI. The degradation mechanisms of catalytic systems were studied by means of electron spin resonance and a free radical quenching technique. The results show that HO˙ and ˙O2− originating from the decomposition of H2O2 in the presence of CDs contribute to the degradation of the dyes. The most important merits of the catalytic system are high degradation efficiency of thymol blue in a near-neutral solution and avoiding secondary pollution from metal ions, which make them environmentally-friendly systems for the treatment of pollutants.
研究领域:
环境科学
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催化化学
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 7.514
Yuanpeng Hao,Jiamu Kang,Rui Yang,Hui Li,Hongxia Cui,Hongtong Bai,Andrey Tsitsilin,Jingyi Li,Lei Shi
Numerous species of Origanum (Lamiaceae) have been widely used as spices to extend the shelf life of foods. Essential oils extracted from this genus have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications as bactericides. Here, we evaluated the chemical compositions of eight oregano essential oils (OEOs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assessed their antibacterial activities. The chemical compositions of OEOs were affected by the cultivar factor, and seven common compounds, including carvacrol, were identified among eight OEOs. Partial least squares discriminant analysis enabled the distinction of three groups among these OEOs, as characterized by the proportions of carvacrol, thymol , and sesquiterpenes. OEOs effectively inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with varying antibacterial activities. Spearman correlation network highlighted core antibacterial contributors in the chemical profiles of OEOs. Our results revealed that the bacteriostatic effects of OEOs could be explained by core compounds and their synergistic effects.
研究领域:
植物学
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微生物学
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食品科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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2022
·
IF 7.425
Wenmin Zhang,Rong Liu,Xiaoli Sun,Heng An,Tiantian Min,Zhu Zhu,Yongqiang Wen
Active packaging systems that are sustainable and capable of delivering antimicrobial agents intelligently are in demand in food industry. In this work, an extremely simple strategy inspired by leaf stomata was introduced to smartly trigger thymol release at different relative humidity using EVOH as the “stomata”. Thymol was encapsulated into ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) to form core–shell nanofibers (thymol/EVOH) via coaxial electrospinning. The core–shell structure of the nanofiber was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy . Thymol release could be triggered by the relative humidity (RH), and nanofibers released more thymol at 90% RH than at 30% RH. In addition, this functionalized nanofibers showed excellent antibacterial activity in vitro against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and performed good biocompatibility. The nanofiber film was also applied to fruit preservation, and was found to extend the strawberries shelf-life. Sensory analysis also showed that the strawberries flavor treated by thymol/EVOH nanofibers presented high acceptability. The work will provide an innovative approach to design packaging film.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2021
·Vol. 10
·期 5
·1074
·
IF 4.35
Wei Zhou,Yun Zhang,Ruyi Li,Shengfeng Peng,Roger Ruan,Jihua Li,Wei Liu
Thymol has been applied as a spice and antibacterial agent in commercial products. However, the utilization of thymol in the food and pharmaceutical field has recently been limited by its poor water solubility and stability. In this work, a caseinate-stabilized thymol nanosuspension was fabricated by pH-driven methods to overcome those limitations. Firstly, the chemical stability of thymol at different pH value conditions was investigated. The physiochemical properties of thymol nanosuspensions were then characterized, such as average particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity. Meanwhile, the X-ray diffraction results showed that thymol was present as an amorphous state in the nanosuspensions. The thermal stability of thymol was slightly enhanced by encapsulation through this process, and the thymol nanosuspensions were stable during the long-term storage, and the average particle size of nanosuspensions showed that there was no aggregation of nanosuspensions during storage and high temperature. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of thymol nanosuspensions was evaluated by investigating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) againstSalmomella enterca,Staphlococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andListeria monocytogenes. These results could provide useful information and implications for promoting the application of thymol in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical commercial products.Keywords:thymol;nanosuspensions;caseinate;pH-driven method;water solubility
研究领域:
食品科学
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药物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL LUBRICATION AND TRIBOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 76
·期 6
·759-768
·
IF 1.5
Ting Li,Zhipeng Zhang,Junhai Wang,Tingting Yan,Rui Wang,Xinran Li,Lixiu Zhang,Xiaoyi Wei
PurposeThis study aims to prepare thymol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and use them as lubricates for friction and wear tests to simulate the wear conditions of hybrid bearings.Design/methodology/approachThrough the characterization and analysis of the morphology of wear scars and the elemental composition of friction films, the tribological behavior and wear mechanism of sample materials as lubricants were investigated and the anti-wear mechanism of thymol-based DESs was discussed.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that because of the formation of a fluid lubrication film and excellent kinematic viscosity, the lubrication effect of the prepared DES is improved by about 50% compared to the base lubricating oil. The prepared [Ch]Cl-thymol DES has a better anti-friction and lubrication effect than citric-thymol, EG-thymol and urea-thymol DESs, with an average friction coefficient of about 0.04.Originality/valueIn this work, the friction reduction properties of thymol-based DESs were studied as lubricants for the first time, and the lubrication mechanism of sample materials was investigated.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2024
·
IF 5.3
Deze Mi,Chenyu Liu,Qingzhao Shi,Weihong Qiao
Thymol, a widely utilized essential oil compound, boasts diverse applications as a flavoring agent, antibacterial agent, and preservative due to its potent antibacterial, antiviral, and preservative properties. However, its solid crystal form and limited water solubility pose significant obstacles to practical implementation. So, this study aimed to enhance thymol’s water solubility and broaden its applications by formulating an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion using the green surfactant alkyl polyglycoside (APG). To assess the solubilization capacity of different formulations, a pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed, comparing the area ratio of the single-phase region, and the optimal formulation ratios were determined: a 1:2 mass ratio of thymol to oleic acid for the mixed oil phase and a 3:1 mass ratio of APG0810 to ethanol for the surfactant phase. Achieving a 1:9 mass ratio of oil phase to surfactant phase, with a water content exceeding 70%, yielded an infinitely dilutable O/W microemulsion. Particle size measurements confirmed the microemulsion’s long-term stability across various temperatures. Investigation of thymol’s solubilization within the microemulsion utilized fluorescence spectroscopy and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, revealing preferential dissolution within the palisade layer composed of APG carbon chains. Molecular dynamics simulations and dissipative particle dynamics simulations were employed to calculate the interfacial formation energy of different APG in the ternary system, providing insights into the relationship between molecular structure and interfacial activity. In conclusion, this study presents an APG-based O/W microemulsion with excellent stability as a means to enhance thymol’s solubility, enabling its wider application in various fields.
研究领域:
化学
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生物学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
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2024
·
IF 3.5
Chenchen Zhao,Liang Sun,Yuxin Zhang,Xin Shu,Yujie Hu,Duo Chen,Zhi Zhang,Shengnan Xia,Haiyan Yang,Xinyu Bao,Jingwei Li,Yun Xu
Background Microglia-mediated inflammation is a critical factor in the progression of ischemic stroke. Consequently, mitigating excessive microglial activation represents a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic injury. Thymol, a monophenol derived from plant essential oils, exhibits diverse beneficial biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with demonstrated protective effects in various disease models. However, its specific effects on ischemic stroke and microglial inflammation remain unexplored. Methods Rodent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model was established to simulate ischemic stroke. TTC staining, modified neurological function score (mNSS), and behavioral tests were used to assess the severity of neurological damage. Then immunofluorescence staining and cytoskeleton analysis were used to determine activation of microglia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized to induce the inflammatory response of primary microglia in vitro . Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to exam the expression of inflammatory cytokines. And western blot was used to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of thymol. Results In this study, we found that thymol treatment could ameliorate post-stroke neurological impairment and reduce infarct volume by mitigating microglial activation and pro-inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Mechanically, thymol could inhibit the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), sink serine/threonine kinase (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thereby suppressing the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that thymol could reduce the microglial inflammation by targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating ischemic brain injury. These findings suggest that thymol is a promising candidate as a neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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炎症
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中风
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Nutrition
·
2022
·
IF 6.59
Cai Qizhen,Zhang Yun,Fang Xiaofeng,Lin Suyun,He Zhirong,Peng Shengfeng,Liu Wei
In this study, a novel emulsion, thymol (Thy) and lauric acid (LA) emulsion (Thy/LA-Emulsion) was prepared by homogenizing eutectic solvent (Thy/LA mixture) and caseinate solution. The effects of different thymol and lauric acid mass ratio on the formation, stability, and antibacterial activity of emulsions were studied. Compared with thymol alone, adding lauric acid (25, 50, and 75%) could enhance the antibacterial efficacy of the emulsions. Among them, Thy/LA25%-Emulsion could be stored at room temperature for a month without the increase of particle size, indicating that the addition of LA had not impacted the stability of emulsions. Meanwhile, Thy/LA25%-Emulsion exhibited a greater inhibition zone (3.06 ± 0.12 cm) and required a lower concentration (0.125 mg/mL) to completely inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Consequently, Thy/LA25%-Emulsion demonstrated the best antibacterial activity and physicochemical stability due to its long-term storage stability. Our results suggest that Thy/LA25%-Emulsion may become a more functional natural antibacterial agent with greater commercial potential owing to its cheaper raw materials, simpler production processes, and better antibacterial effect in the food industry.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 1
·1-8
·
IF 5.228
Deng Ling-Li,Taxipalati Maierhaba,Que Fei,Zhang Hui
Attempts were made to solubilize thymol in Tween 80 micelle to study the solubilization mechanism of thymol and the effect of solubilization on its antioxidant activity. The maximum solubilized concentration of thymol in a 2.0% (w/v) Tween 80 micelle solution is 0.2 wt%. There was no significant difference in Z-average diameter between the empty micelles and thymol solubilized micelles. 1 H NMR spectra indicated that 3-H and 4-H on the benzene ring of thymol interacted with the ester group between the hydrophilic head group and the hydrophobic tail group of Tween 80 by Van der Waals’ force. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays showed that the reducing antioxidant activity of free thymol did not change after solubilized in Tween 80 micelles. Compared to free thymol, the solubilized thymol showed higher activities to scavenge DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl radicals. The present study suggested a possible preparation of thymol-carrying micelles with enhanced antioxidant activities that could be applied in food beverages.
研究领域:
食品科学
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化学
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生物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging
·
2022
·
IF 3.009
Qingxiang Li,Ke Xing Huang,Sheng Pan,Chun Su,Juan Bi,Xuan Lu
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a typical kind of symbiotic bacteria, which can cause human pneumonia, food poisoning, and other health problems. Nowadays, the corresponding prevention and treatment have been a hot issue of general concern in related research areas. However, the mechanism of action against S. aureus is not well understood. In order to tackle such problem, we used broth microdilution to discuss the antibacterial effect of 5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol and determine inhibitory concentration. In addition, membrane potential and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured under experimental conditions. The experimental results suggested that 300 μg/mL thymol might cause cell membrane damage and decrease of NADPH concentration and increase of NADP+ and lipid peroxidation level. In such condition, thymol has the potential to result in membrane rupture and disruption of cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, we also found that NOX2 is involved in maintaining the balance of NADPH/NADP+ in cells. Finally, our work confirms that NOX2 is a potential downstream target for thymol in the cell. Such target can provide specific guidance and recommendations for its application in antifungal activity. Meanwhile, our study also provides a new inspiration for the molecular mechanism of thymol’s bacteriostatic action.
研究领域:
微生物学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Packaging and Shelf Life
·
2026
·
IF 10.6
Mi Li,Yuanchang Cao,Yunge Zhang,Jian Ju,Qingmin Chen,Yanli Ma
To address uncontrollable active compound release, high trial-and-error costs, and low design efficiency in traditional active food packaging research, deep learning was introduced into active packaging design in this study, focusing on precise design of thymol-based composite films and their application in cucumber preservation. First, a dataset with 99 samples was constructed, covering 9 input variables and 1 output variable. A 4-layer fully connected neural network with linear/nonlinear activation functions was used to train a prediction model for the "minimum effective concentration" of active compounds. The model’s R² reached 0.84, explaining 84 % of the dependent variable variation. Under this study’s film-forming conditions, the model predicted thymol’s minimum effective addition amount as 0.1245 % (w/w). Based on this, composite films were prepared with actual thymol additions of 0.2 %-0.4 % (w/w). Results showed these films exhibited excellent mechanical, thermal, barrier, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, with the 0.4 % thymol film reducing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus counts by 3 and 2.5 log values, respectively. When applied to cucumber preservation at 4 °C for 15 days, they reduced weight loss by 35 % and total color difference by 26 % compared to unpackaged controls, effectively delayed hardness decline, regulated oxidase (POD, SOD, CAT) activities, and significantly improved preservation effect. In conclusion, this study confirmed deep learning could realize predictive modeling and optimization of active packaging components, providing a standardized and efficient R&D framework for active food packaging with broad industrial application potential.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2015
·
IF 2.679
Peipei Zhu,Yanxin Chen,Jing Fang,Zelin Wang,Chuang Xie,Baohong Hou,Wei Chen,Fengxia Xu
The solubility of thymol in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and acetonitrile with the temperature ranging from (279.15 to 313.15) K at atmospheric pressure was measured by the gravimetric method. For the temperature range investigated, the solubility of thymol in the solvents increased with a rise of temperature. Results of these measurements were correlated by five thermodynamic models-modified Apellblat, λh , van’t Hoff, Wilson and NRTL, in which Wilson model achieved the best fitting results. The enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of dissolution were calculated with the van’t Hoff equation. The results indicated that the processes of solution in all selected solvents were endothermic, entropy-driven and non-spontaneous. The studies of molecular simulation and solubility parameters were carried out to give the explanation for the sequence of solubility in various solvents. The data of quasi-static heat capacity for both solid and liquid phases of thymol were investigated by stochastic temperature modulation DSC technique (TOPEM). The extent to which the assumptions of the differential molar heat capacity (Δ C P ) in the regular solution equation influence the magnitude of the ideal solubility of thymol was examined.
研究领域:
物理化学
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热力学
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药剂学
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化学工程
·
溶液化学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）