梅尔泽试剂 (Melzer's Reagent) 简称梅尔泽。它是1924 年首次由真菌学家瓦茨拉夫·梅尔泽发明并作出描述，并以它的发明者的名字命名。梅尔泽修改了植物学家阿瑟迈耶多年前开发的一种含氯醛的 KI 溶液而得到了梅尔泽试剂。梅尔泽试剂常与 PVLG 溶液一起使用。
梅尔泽试剂由水合氯醛、碘化钾、碘和去离子水等组成。在孢子纹饰或整个孢子的淀粉质分析中具有十分重要的意义，被真菌学家用来辅助鉴定真菌。使用梅尔泽试剂时只需使试剂接触到真菌组织或细胞，然后观察是否出现以下三种颜色反应：①、淀粉质或梅尔泽阳性反应：被测组织颜色呈蓝色到黑色。②、拟淀粉质或似糊精反应：被测组织呈棕色到红棕色。③、非淀粉质或梅尔泽阴性反应：被测组织不改变颜色，或显浅黄棕色。在淀粉质反应中，还可以区分两种类型：A 真淀粉质反应：被测组织可在未经氢氧化钾预处理的情况下变蓝。B 半淀粉质反应：被测组织在鲁戈尔溶液中变红，但在梅尔泽试剂中没任何反应；用氢氧化钾预处理后在两种试剂中均变蓝。
梅尔泽试剂的反应几乎是立即发生的，不过在某些情况下需要 20 分钟才能看到反应现象。构成梅尔泽试剂的化合物有多重功能。氯醛是一种清洁剂，用于漂白和提高很多种暗颜色物质的透明度。碘化钾是用来提高碘的溶解度，无碘化钾时碘在水中只是半可溶。碘被认为是梅尔泽试剂中主要的染色剂，它与淀粉质物质细胞壁中类似淀粉的多糖发生反应。
自备材料：
待测样品、PVLG 溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、载玻片、盖玻片、显微镜、解剖针或移液管、镊子
操作步骤（仅供参考）：
按实验具体要求进行操作。
染色结果：
淀粉质或梅尔泽阳性反应：被测组织颜色呈蓝色到黑色
拟淀粉质或似糊精反应：被测组织呈棕色到红棕色
非淀粉质或梅尔泽阴性反应：被测组织不改变颜色，或显浅黄棕色
真淀粉质反应：被测组织可在未经氢氧化钾预处理的情况下变蓝
半淀粉质反应：被测组织在鲁戈尔溶液中变红，但在梅尔泽试剂中没任何反应；用氢氧化钾预处理后在两种试剂中均变蓝
注意事项：
1、为了您的安全和健康，请穿实验服并戴一次性手套操作。
2、大部分孢子在梅尔泽试剂和鲁戈尔试剂中产生不同的反应结果。有些孢子在梅尔泽试剂中无反应，但在鲁戈尔试剂中，结果从微弱或无反应，到碘阳性反应；有些孢子在梅尔泽试剂中给出淀粉质反应而在鲁戈尔试剂中甚至给出拟淀粉质反应。
3、当与碱性溶液混合时，梅尔泽试剂退化为浑浊的沉淀，因此它不能跟像氢氧化钾或氨水这样的常用真菌学试剂混合使用或直接相继使用。当用氢氧化钾做预处理时，必须在加梅尔泽试剂前中和碱性。
4、当梅尔泽试剂与 PVLG 溶液 1:1 混合使用时，染色反应会略微减小，但是不足以影响整个反应的颜色变化。装片不能保持很久，染色反应通常会在 1-2 年之内褪去。
5、静置 5min 后压片的目的是使试剂略微变干，增加边缘的粘性，压片的时候减少液体流动导致孢子滑动到盖玻片以外。
6、在显微镜下，用铅笔、镊子或是解剖针钝的一端直接按压在盖玻片上，相当于间接对个别孢子施压，这样每个孢子被按压的程度不同，这样就会显露出内部存在的原本很难看见的细微有弹性的内壁。
7、试剂开封后请尽快使用，以防影响后续实验效果。
8、本产品仅供科研实验，严禁他用。
Melzer's Reagent, abbreviated as Melzer's, was first invented and described in 1924 by the mycologist Václav Melzer, and named after its inventor. Melzer modified a chloral hydrate-containing KI solution developed many years earlier by the botanist Arthur Meyer to obtain Melzer's Reagent. Melzer's Reagent is often used together with PVLG solution.
Melzer's Reagent consists of chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, iodine, and deionized water. It is of great significance in the amyloidity analysis of spore ornamentation or entire spores, and is used by mycologists to assist in fungal identification. When using Melzer's Reagent, the reagent only needs to contact fungal tissues or cells, and then observe whether one of the following three color reactions occurs:
① Amyloid or Melzer-positive reaction: The tested tissue appears blue to black.
② Pseudoamyloid or dextrinoid reaction: The tested tissue appears brown to reddish-brown.
③ Inamyloid or Melzer-negative reaction: The tested tissue shows no color change, or exhibits pale yellowish-brown.
Two types can be further distinguished in amyloid reactions:
A. Euamyloid reaction: The tested tissue turns blue without pre-treatment with potassium hydroxide.
B. Hemiamyloid reaction: The tested tissue turns red in Lugol's solution but shows no reaction in Melzer's Reagent; after pre-treatment with potassium hydroxide, it turns blue in both reagents.
The reaction of Melzer's Reagent occurs almost instantaneously, although in some cases up to 20 minutes may be required for the reaction to be observed. The compounds composing Melzer's Reagent serve multiple functions. Chloral hydrate acts as a clearing agent, used for bleaching and increasing the transparency of many dark-colored substances. Potassium iodide is used to improve the solubility of iodine; without potassium iodide, iodine is only partially soluble in water. Iodine is considered the primary staining agent in Melzer's Reagent, which reacts with starch-like polysaccharides in the cell walls of amyloid substances.
Materials Required (User-supplied):
Test sample, PVLG solution, potassium hydroxide solution, glass slides, coverslips, microscope, dissecting needle or pipette, forceps
Procedures (for reference only):
Perform operations according to specific experimental requirements.
Staining Results:
Amyloid or Melzer-positive reaction: The tested tissue appears blue to black.
Pseudoamyloid or dextrinoid reaction: The tested tissue appears brown to reddish-brown.
Inamyloid or Melzer-negative reaction: The tested tissue shows no color change, or exhibits pale yellowish-brown.
Euamyloid reaction: The tested tissue turns blue without pre-treatment with potassium hydroxide.
Hemiamyloid reaction: The tested tissue turns red in Lugol's solution but shows no reaction in Melzer's Reagent; after pre-treatment with potassium hydroxide, it turns blue in both reagents.
Precautions:
1. For your safety and health, please wear a laboratory coat and disposable gloves during operation.
2. Most spores exhibit different reaction results in Melzer's Reagent and Lugol's reagent. Some spores show no reaction in Melzer's Reagent but range from weak or no reaction to iodine-positive in Lugol's reagent; some spores show an amyloid reaction in Melzer's Reagent and even a pseudoamyloid reaction in Lugol's reagent.
3. Melzer's Reagent degrades into a turbid precipitate when mixed with alkaline solutions. Therefore, it must not be mixed or used sequentially with common mycological reagents such as potassium hydroxide or ammonia solution. When potassium hydroxide is used for pre-treatment, the alkalinity must be neutralized before adding Melzer's Reagent.
4. When Melzer's Reagent is mixed with PVLG solution at a ratio of 1:1, the staining reaction decreases slightly, but not sufficiently to affect the overall color change of the reaction. Preparations cannot be preserved for a long time, and the staining reaction usually fades within 1–2 years.
5. The purpose of allowing to stand for 5 min before mounting is to slightly dry the reagent, increase edge adhesion, and reduce liquid flow that would cause spores to slide outside the coverslip during mounting.
6. Under the microscope, press directly on the coverslip with the blunt end of a pencil, forceps, or dissecting needle to apply indirect pressure to individual spores. As each spore is compressed to a different degree, the delicate elastic inner walls that are otherwise difficult to observe will be revealed.
7. Please use the reagent as soon as possible after opening to avoid affecting subsequent experimental results.
8. This product is for research use only; strictly prohibited for other purposes.
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