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本产品用于检测小鼠抗凝血或脾细胞中,Th1和Th2细胞在T淋巴细胞 (或CD4⁺辅助T细胞) 中的比例。通常所说的 Th1、Th2 和 Th17,是指在各种生理与病理条件下有能力分化为 Th1、Th2和Th17 的T辅助细胞 (严格意义上为Th0细胞)。静息状态 (即未受任何刺激,如小鼠正常生理状态) 下,Th0 分化为 Th1、Th2 和 Th17的能力极弱,所以外周血中仅含有极少量的 Th1、Th2 和 Th17 细胞,这时所能检测到的 IFN-γ、IL-4 和 IL-17A 也微乎其微。而当Th细胞受到外界因素 (如刺激素、病原体等) 刺激,其中 Th0 即会向 Th1、Th2 或 Th17 分化,具体分化趋向取决于细胞因子的种类,此时,检测到的 IFN-γ、IL-4 或 IL-17A 也较多。实验中检测的 Th1、Th2 和 Th17 实际上是检测 Th 细胞对刺激素刺激的反应能力。
通常选用的刺激素为 Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA, 佛波酯) 和 Ionomycin (离子霉素)。其中 PMA 为 PKC (蛋白激酶C) 的激活物,PKC 则可激活下游众多的蛋白激酶的磷酸化,形成级联反应,导致许多蛋白的表达,进而引起T细胞的活化。在细胞内,PKC可被 DAG (二脂酰甘油) 和 Ca²⁺ 的共同作用而激活,因此在 Ionomycin (Ca²⁺的转运剂,可将细胞器内的 Ca²⁺ 转运至胞浆内) 的参与下,T细胞内PKC 可被进一步激活。可见,PMA与 Ionomycin 协同活化T细胞。
活化的T细胞可分泌多种细胞因子至细胞外,而流式细胞仪仅能检测细胞内的抗原,所以应将细胞因子阻断在胞内。细胞因子在高尔基体中合成,某些蛋白通过内质网运输以可溶性形式分泌至细胞外。破坏高尔基体即可切断细胞因子的转运途径,阻断其分泌。通常选用的阻断剂为 Brefeldin A (BFA, 布雷非德菌素 A) 和/或 Monensin (莫能霉素)。
在我们的试验中,有时样本经淋巴细胞分离液分离后,检测的细胞因子比例更高。用户可自行摸索样本经淋巴细胞分离液分离后的检测效果,以确定最佳检测方案。
组分与储存:
| 储运单元货号 | 储运单元名称 | 组分货号 | 组分名称 | 物理外观 | 25T | 100T | 储存 |
| M1521289NT | 小鼠Th1/Th2染色试剂盒 (常温组分) | M1521289G | 固定破膜剂试剂 A | 液体 | 3 mL | 12 mL | 室温 |
| M1521289H | 固定破膜剂试剂 B | 液体 | 3 mL | 12 mL | 室温 | ||
| M1521289WT | 小鼠Th1/Th2染色试剂盒 (2-8℃组分) | M1521289I | 流式染色缓冲液 (1×) | 液体 | 125 mL | 3×125 mL | 2-8℃. |
| M1521289A | 抗小鼠CD3ε, FITC (克隆号: 145-2C11) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289B | 抗小鼠CD4, PerCP-Cy5.5 (克隆号: GK1.5) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289C | 抗小鼠IFN-γ, PE (克隆号: XMG1.2) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289D | 抗小鼠IL-4, APC (克隆号: 11B11) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289DT | 小鼠Th1/Th2染色试剂盒 (-20℃组分) | M1521289E | 佛波酯/离子霉素混合物 (250×) | 液体 | 30 μL | 120 μL | -20℃,避光 |
| M1521289F | 布雷非德菌素A/莫能霉素混合物 (250×) | 液体 | 30 μL | 120 μL | -20℃,避光 |
自备仪器和试剂:
1. 自备试剂
⁕ 细胞培养基(如RPMI1640、DMEM)
⁕ 胎牛血清(可选,根据实验需求准备)
⁕ 补偿调节微球(可选,根据实验需求准备)
⁕ 淋巴细胞分离液(可选,根据实验需求准备)
⁕ 4%多聚甲醛(可选)
2. 自备仪器
⁕ 12×75mm圆底流式管
⁕ 震荡器
⁕ CO₂恒温培养箱
⁕ 水平离心机(配备15ml离心管转子)
⁕ 流式细胞仪
实验步骤:
1. 样本收集与处理:
① 使用肝素或其它抗凝剂 (如 EDTA、枸橼酸钠) 作为抗凝剂,收集适量抗凝血,室温或2-8℃保存,并于当天进行检测。
② 对于脾脏组织,采集新鲜样本后通过适当的方法制备成单细胞悬液,并去除团块,于当天进行检测。
2. 样本制备:
① 对于肝素抗凝血,取 125μl 抗凝血至流式管中,加入 125μl 不含血清的培养基和 1μl 佛波酯/离子霉素混合物 (250×) 和 1μl 布雷非德菌素A/莫能霉素混合物 (250×)。取 125μl 抗凝血和 125μl 不含血清的培养基,作为对照。混匀,37℃ 孵育 4-6 小时,每隔 1-2 小时取出震荡混匀。
注:肝素抗凝血样本也可选择方法 ② 进行处理,在我们的试验结果中,比全血样本能检测到更多的细胞因子。最佳方案需用户自行摸索。
② 对于使用其它抗凝剂 (如EDTA、枸橼酸钠) 抗凝血,用淋巴细胞分离液分离外周血单个核细胞 (PBMCs)。用含10%胎牛血清的培养基重悬沉淀,使细胞浓度为1×10⁷/ml。取 250μl PBMCs 至流式管中,加入 1μl 佛波酯/离子霉素混合物 (250×) 和 1μl 布雷非德菌素A/莫能霉素混合物 (250×)。以只含 PBMCs 的样本作为对照。混匀,37℃孵育 4-6 小时,每隔 1-2 小时取出震荡混匀。
③ 对于脾脏组织,使用适当的方法制备成单细胞悬液,并去除团块。
(可选) 使用淋巴细胞分离液分离制备脾单个核细胞。
用含10%胎牛血清的培养基重悬沉淀,使细胞浓度为1×10⁷/ml。取 250μl 细胞悬液至流式管中,加入 1μl 佛波酯/离子霉素混合物 (250×) 和 1μl 布雷非德菌素A/莫能霉素混合物 (250×)。以只含细胞悬液的样本作为对照。混匀,37℃ 孵育 4-6 小时,每隔 1-2 小时取出震荡混匀。
注:在我们的试验中,脾细胞经淋巴细胞分离液分离后,有时能检测到更多的细胞因子。最佳方案需用户自行摸索。
佛波酯/离子霉素混合物 (250×) 和布雷非德菌素A/莫能霉素混合物 (250×) 极易挥发,使用后请及时旋紧管盖。
3. 从样本管和对照管中取 100μl 细胞悬液至新的流式管中,加入 5μl 抗小鼠CD3ε, FITC 和 5μl 抗小鼠CD4, PerCP-Cy5.5。震荡混匀,室温避光孵育15 分钟。
4. 每管加入100μl 固定破膜剂试剂 A,震荡混匀,室温避光孵育15分钟。
5. 每管加入 1ml 预冷流式染色缓冲液 (1×),300 x g 离心5分钟,弃上清。
注:液体尽量倒干净,不要有残留。
6. 每管加入100μl 固定破膜剂试剂 B、5μl 抗小鼠IFN-γ, PE 和 5μl 抗小鼠IL-4, APC。震荡混匀,室温避光孵育15分钟。
7. 每管加入1ml 流式染色缓冲液 (1×),300 x g 离心5分钟,弃上清。
8. 每管加入 500μl 流式染色缓冲液 (1×) 重悬,上机检测:或者加入 500μl 1-4%多聚甲醛重悬,2.8℃避光,于 24小时内检测。
流式检测:
1. 调节电压和补偿
使用补偿微球对流式细胞仪进行电压和补偿调节。补偿微球通常比目的细胞小,在调节 FSC/SSC 电压和细胞设门时需要注意。
2. 正确设门以得到Th1和Th2细胞在 CD3⁺CD4⁺辅助T细胞中的比例。
注:至少获取 20,000-30,000 CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞。对于某一细胞因子,因品系和个体差异,分泌该细胞因子的细胞比例差异很大。为了进行统计学差异比较,请获取足够多的细胞样本。
需要注意的是,佛波酯/离子霉素刺激的细胞中,分泌 IL-4 的细胞非常低,甚至可忽略。此时,可考虑 IL-4 的极化培养。
荧光素激发波长和发射波长:
荧光素 | 最大激发波长 (nm) | 最大发射波长 (nm) |
|---|---|---|
FITC | 495 | 519 |
R-Phycoerythrin (PE) | 480; 565 | 578 |
PerCP-Cy5.5 | 488 | 682 |
APC | 650 | 660 |
注意事项:
1. 本产品仅用于科学研究,非诊断试剂,严禁用于临床诊断。
2. 请在产品标记的有效期内使用,过期试剂请勿使用。
3. 本产品各组件试剂不可与其他批号、其他来源的试剂混合使用,以免影响实验结果。
4. 佛波酯/离子霉素混合物 (250×) 和布雷非德菌素A/莫能霉素混合物 (250×) 极易挥发,使用后需立即旋紧管盖,避免试剂损耗和污染。
5. 所有孵育步骤需严格遵循避光要求,避免荧光素淬灭,影响检测信号。
6. 离心操作时,严格控制离心转速和时间,避免细胞破裂或丢失;弃去上清时,动作轻柔,避免残留液体影响后续染色。
7. 样本需在收集当天进行处理和检测,脾脏组织需保证新鲜,避免细胞死亡影响实验结果;经多聚甲醛固定的样本,需在24小时内完成检测。
8. 试剂储存需严格遵循推荐条件,避免冻融循环 (尤其是-20℃保存的试剂),防止试剂失效。
特别说明:
发货时各组分依据储存温度 (室温/2-8℃/-20℃) 独立包装,差异化温控运输以保障产品性能。同一订单含多温区物料可能分批次送达,请以实际收货为准。收货后按组分表标注温度分类存放,有效期自生产之日起 12 个月。
| Storage Unit No. | Storage Unit Name | Component No. | Component Name | Appearance | 25T | 100T | Storage |
| M1521289NT | Mouse Th1/Th2 Staining Kit (RT Components) | M1521289G | FIX & PERM Medium A | Liquid | 3 mL | 12 mL | Room temperature |
| M1521289H | FIX & PERM Medium B | Liquid | 3 mL | 12 mL | Room temperature | ||
| M1521289WT | Mouse Th1/Th2 Staining Kit (2-8℃ Components) | M1521289I | Flow Cytometry Staining Buffer (1×) | Liquid | 125 mL | 3×125 mL | 2-8℃. |
| M1521289A | Anti‑Mouse CD3ε, FITC (Clone: 145‑2C11) | Liquid | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃. Store in the dark. | ||
| M1521289B | Anti‑Mouse CD4, PerCP‑Cy5.5 (Clone: GK1.5) | Liquid | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃. Store in the dark. | ||
| M1521289C | Anti‑Mouse IFN‑γ, PE (Clone: XMG1.2) | Liquid | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃. Store in the dark. | ||
| M1521289D | Anti‑Mouse IL‑4, APC (Clone: 11B11) | Liquid | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃. Store in the dark. | ||
| M1521289DT | Mouse Th1/Th2 Staining Kit (-20℃ Components) | M1521289E | PMA/Ionomycin Mixture (250×) | Liquid | 30 μL | 120 μL | -20℃. Store in the dark. |
| M1521289F | BFA/Monensin Mixture (250×) | Liquid | 30 μL | 120 μL | -20℃. Store in the dark. |
Required User‑Supplied Instruments and Reagents:
1. User‑Supplied Reagents
⁕ Cell culture medium (e.g., RPMI 1640, DMEM)
⁕ Fetal bovine serum (optional, prepare according to experimental requirements)
⁕ Compensation beads (optional, prepare according to experimental requirements)
⁕ Lymphocyte separation medium (optional, prepare according to experimental requirements)
⁕ 4% paraformaldehyde (optional)
2. User‑Supplied Instruments
⁕ 12×75 mm round‑bottom flow cytometry tubes
⁕ Vortex mixer
⁕ CO₂ incubator
⁕ Horizontal centrifuge (with rotor compatible with 15 mL centrifuge tubes)
⁕ Flow cytometer
Experimental Procedure:
1. Sample Collection and Processing
① Collect an appropriate volume of anticoagulated blood using heparin or other anticoagulants (e.g., EDTA, sodium citrate). Store samples at room temperature or 2‑8 °C and perform detection on the same day.
② For spleen tissue, prepare a single‑cell suspension from fresh specimens using an appropriate method, remove cell clumps, and test on the same day.
2. Sample Preparation
① For heparin‑anticoagulated blood: Transfer 125 μL anticoagulated blood into a flow cytometry tube. Add 125 μL serum‑free medium, 1 μL PMA/Ionomycin Mixture (250×), and 1 μL BFA/Monensin Mixture (250×). For the control, combine 125 μL anticoagulated blood with 125 μL serum‑free medium. Mix thoroughly and incubate at 37 °C for 4‑6 hours. Vortex the tubes every 1‑2 hours during incubation.
Note: Heparin‑anticoagulated blood may also be processed using procedure ②. Our assay data show higher cytokine signals compared with whole‑blood samples. Users should empirically determine the optimal protocol.
② For blood collected with other anticoagulants (e.g., EDTA, sodium citrate): Isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using lymphocyte separation medium. Resuspend the cell pellet in medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum to a cell concentration of 1 × 10⁷ cells/mL. Transfer 250 μL PBMC suspension into a flow cytometry tube, then add 1 μL PMA/Ionomycin Mixture (250×) and 1 μL BFA/Monensin Mixture (250×). Use PBMCs without added stimulants as the control. Mix well and incubate at 37 °C for 4‑6 hours. Vortex every 1‑2 hours.
③ For spleen tissue: Generate a single‑cell suspension and eliminate cell clumps by suitable methods. (Optional) Isolate splenic mononuclear cells with lymphocyte separation medium. Resuspend the pellet in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum to 1 × 10⁷ cells/mL. Pipette 250 μL cell suspension into a flow tube, add 1 μL PMA/Ionomycin Mixture (250×) and 1 μL BFA/Monensin Mixture (250×). Use cell suspension without stimulants as control. Mix thoroughly and incubate at 37 °C for 4‑6 hours; vortex every 1‑2 hours.
Note: In our assays, splenocytes processed by lymphocyte separation medium sometimes yield stronger cytokine signals. Users need to empirically optimize the protocol.
PMA/Ionomycin Mixture (250×) and BFA/Monensin Mixture (250×) are highly volatile. Tighten tube caps promptly after use.
3. Transfer 100 μL cell suspension from sample and control tubes into new flow cytometry tubes. Add 5 μL Anti‑Mouse CD3ε, FITC and 5 μL Anti‑Mouse CD4, PerCP‑Cy5.5. Vortex and incubate for 15 minutes at room temperature protected from light.
4. Add 100 μL FIX & PERM Medium A to each tube. Vortex and incubate 15 minutes at room temperature in the dark.
5. Add 1 mL pre‑chilled Flow Cytometry Staining Buffer (1×) to each tube. Centrifuge at 300 × g for 5 minutes and discard supernatant.
Note: Remove supernatant completely and avoid residual liquid.
6. Add 100 μL FIX & PERM Medium B, 5 μL Anti‑Mouse IFN‑γ, PE, and 5 μL Anti‑Mouse IL‑4, APC per tube. Vortex and incubate 15 minutes at room temperature, protected from light.
7. Add 1 mL Flow Cytometry Staining Buffer (1×) to each tube. Centrifuge at 300 × g for 5 min and discard supernatant.
8. Resuspend cells in 500 μL Flow Cytometry Staining Buffer (1×) and acquire data on flow cytometer.
Alternative: Resuspend in 500 μL 1‑4% paraformaldehyde. Store at 2‑8 °C in dark and complete acquisition within 24 hours.
Flow Cytometry Acquisition:
1. Voltage and Compensation Setup
Use compensation beads to set voltage and compensation parameters for the flow cytometer. Compensation beads are generally smaller than target cells; this should be taken into account when adjusting FSC/SSC voltages and establishing cell‑gating strategies.
2. Proper Gating to Calculate the Proportions of Th1 and Th2 Cells within CD3⁺CD4⁺ Helper T‑cells.
Note: Acquire a minimum of 20 000‑30 000 CD3⁺CD4⁺ T‑cells. The percentage of cytokine‑secreting cells varies substantially depending on mouse strain and individual biological variation. Sufficient cell events should be collected to enable valid statistical comparison.
Please note that IL‑4‑secreting cells are very low, sometimes negligible, following PMA/Ionomycin stimulation. Under such circumstances, in‑vitro IL‑4‑polarized cell culture may be considered.
Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Wavelengths:
Fluorophore | Excitation Maximum (nm) | Emission Maximum (nm) |
|---|---|---|
FITC | 495 | 519 |
R-Phycoerythrin (PE) | 480; 565 | 578 |
PerCP-Cy5.5 | 488 | 682 |
APC | 650 | 660 |
Precautions:
1. This product is for research‑use‑only (RUO). It is not a diagnostic reagent and must not be used for clinical diagnosis.
2. Use the product within the shelf‑life indicated on the label. Do not use expired reagents.
3. Do not mix kit components with reagents from alternative lot numbers or other sources, as this may compromise experimental results.
4. PMA/Ionomycin Mixture (250×) and BFA/Monensin Mixture (250×) are highly volatile. Immediately tighten tube caps after use to prevent reagent loss and contamination.
5. All incubation steps must be performed protected from light to prevent fluorophore photobleaching and signal loss.
6. Centrifuge using defined speed and duration to avoid cell lysis or cell loss. Decant supernatants gently; residual liquid may interfere with subsequent staining.
7. Process and test samples on the day of collection. Spleen tissue must be kept fresh to prevent cell death that could distort assay results. Paraformaldehyde‑fixed samples must be acquired within 24 hours.
8. Store all reagents under recommended conditions. Avoid repeated freeze‑thaw cycles (especially for reagents stored at −20 °C), which may cause reagent inactivation.
Important Notes:
Each component is individually packaged according to its storage temperature (Room temperature/2-8 °C/-20 °C) upon shipment, with differentiated temperature-controlled transportation to guarantee product performance. Orders containing materials requiring multiple temperature zones may be delivered in separate batches; please refer to the actual received goods. Upon receipt, store components separately at the temperatures specified in the component list. The shelf-life is 12 months from the date of manufacture.
| 储运单元货号 | 储运单元名称 | 组分货号 | 组分名称 | 物理外观 | 25T | 100T | 储存 |
| M1521289NT | 小鼠Th1/Th2染色试剂盒 (常温组分) | M1521289G | 固定破膜剂试剂 A | 液体 | 3 mL | 12 mL | 室温 |
| M1521289H | 固定破膜剂试剂 B | 液体 | 3 mL | 12 mL | 室温 | ||
| M1521289WT | 小鼠Th1/Th2染色试剂盒 (2-8℃组分) | M1521289I | 流式染色缓冲液 (1×) | 液体 | 125 mL | 3×125 mL | 2-8℃. |
| M1521289A | 抗小鼠CD3ε, FITC (克隆号: 145-2C11) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289B | 抗小鼠CD4, PerCP-Cy5.5 (克隆号: GK1.5) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289C | 抗小鼠IFN-γ, PE (克隆号: XMG1.2) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289D | 抗小鼠IL-4, APC (克隆号: 11B11) | 液体 | 125 μL | 500 μL | 2-8℃,避光 | ||
| M1521289DT | 小鼠Th1/Th2染色试剂盒 (-20℃组分) | M1521289E | 佛波酯/离子霉素混合物 (250×) | 液体 | 30 μL | 120 μL | -20℃,避光 |
| M1521289F | 布雷非德菌素A/莫能霉素混合物 (250×) | 液体 | 30 μL | 120 μL | -20℃,避光 |