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在色谱分析、有机合成和交叉偶联反应领域已被 0 篇同行评审文献引用。
线粒体膜通透性转换孔(mitochondrial permeablity transition pore,MPTP),又称线粒体巨型通道(magachannel),是存在于线粒体内外膜之间的非选择性高导电性通道,由多种蛋白质复合组成。线粒体通透性转换孔(MPTP)可能参与了细胞死亡过程中线粒体成分的释放。通常细胞的线粒体内膜可维持正常的线粒体电位梯度以保证细胞呼吸作用及能量供应,随着 Ca²⁺ 的摄入和释放,一种低电导渗透性转换孔在张开和闭合中来回切换。当细胞发生凋亡时和病理性死亡时,线粒体膜电位转换孔渗透性发生改变,的过载,线粒体谷胱甘肽的氧化,活性氧水平的升高,包括后继细胞色素C的释放,线粒体膜电位下降等都会导致线粒体渗透性转换孔的激活。
线粒体膜通透性转换孔检测试剂盒是一种相对于仅基于线粒体膜电位分析更直接的检测线粒体通透性转换孔开放的检测方法。其原理是:首先通过被动运输加载 Calcein AM,后者是一种对活细胞进行荧光标记的细胞染色试剂,能够轻易穿透活细胞膜,被细胞内的酯酶剪切形成膜非渗透性的极性分子 Calcein,从而被滞留在细胞内,使胞质包括线粒体发出强绿色荧光。加入 CoCl₂后,来自胞浆的荧光被 CoCl₂ 淬灭,仅留下线粒体内的荧光。作为对照,可将细胞加载 Calcein AM 和 CoCl₂ 的同时,对其用 Ionomycin 处理,从而使细胞加载更多的 Ca²⁺ ,引起线粒体通透性转换孔的激活从而使线粒体荧光淬灭。
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自备仪器与试剂
流式细胞术/荧光显微镜/荧光酶标仪,细胞培养孔板,磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH7.4),离心机,可调节式移液枪及枪头。
注意事项
本产品仅供科学研究使用,不适用于临床诊断。
实验流程
试剂准备
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实验步骤
1 流式细胞仪分析
(1) 用预期的方法处理细胞;
(2) 对于悬浮细胞,通过离心(4℃,300 g,5 min)收集细胞。用 PBS 洗涤 2 次,并丢弃 PBS。 对于贴壁细胞,首先使用胰蛋白酶(不含 EDTA)消化细胞,然后离心(4℃,300 g,5 min)收集细胞,用 PBS 清洗两次,弃上清;
注意:需准备悬浮在检测缓冲液的细胞样本,用于流式细胞检测时的阴性对照。
(3) 分别加入适当体积的钙黄绿素 AM 染色液、荧光淬灭液、离子霉素对照品重悬细胞,使细胞密度约为 1×106/mL,37℃避光孵育 30-45 min,不同的细胞最佳孵育时间有所不同。
(4) 孵育完成后,300 g离心 5 min 收集细胞。每个样品加入 1mL检测缓冲液,轻轻重悬,300g离心5 min收集细胞。
(5) 用 400 μL 检测缓冲液重悬细胞后,用流式细胞仪分析(Ex/Em=494/517 nm,推荐 FITC 通道)。
2 荧光显微镜分析
对于悬浮细胞:
(1) 先按照流式细胞分析步骤 中(1)-(3)制样染色。
(2) 300g 离心 5 min,吸除上清液,缓慢加入 1 mL 37℃预热的培养液重悬细胞,37℃再避光孵育 30min,以保证细胞内酯酶充分水解钙黄绿素 AM 以生成有绿色荧光的钙黄绿素。
(3) 300g 离心 5 min,吸除大部分培养液,将细胞重悬后涂片,在荧光显微镜下观察。
对于贴壁细胞,按照以下操作步骤:
(1) 在合适的孔板上培养细胞,在 CO₂细胞培养箱中 37℃培养至少 24 h,再进行后续实验。
(2) 用预期的方法处理细胞,在不含诱导剂条件下孵育细胞建立阴性对照组。
(3) 用 PBS 洗涤细胞 2 次。
(4) 分别加入适当体积钙黄绿素 AM 染色液、荧光淬灭液、离子霉素对照品到细胞中,通常 96孔板每孔加入 100 μL,24 孔板每孔加入 250 μL,12 孔板每孔加入 500 μL,6 孔板每孔加入 1 mL,37℃避光孵育 30-45 min,不同的细胞最佳孵育时间有所不同。
(5) 孵育结束后,更换成新鲜的 37℃预热的培养液,37℃再避光孵育 30 min,以保证细胞内酯酶充分水解钙黄绿素 AM 以生成有绿色荧光的钙黄绿素 。
结果示例

Figure 1. L929细胞用线粒体通透性转换孔(MPTP)检测试剂盒染色结果
A-钙黄绿素 AM 染色液组:线粒体和细胞质都有绿色荧光,荧光信号较强;
B-荧光淬灭液组:仅线粒体有绿色荧光,荧光强度中等;
C-离子霉素对照品组:线粒体和细胞质绿色荧光均被淬灭,荧光信号比几乎没有。
B 和 C 的绿色荧光信号变化说明线粒体通透性转换孔被打开,从而部分钙黄绿素从线粒体内被释放,同时导致 Co²⁺ 进入线粒体内而引起其中的钙黄绿素绿色荧光发生淬灭。
FAQ
1.检测缓冲液可以用细胞培养基替代吗?
不能含酚红和血清。
2.钙黄绿素 AM 染色液、荧光淬灭液、离子霉素对照品这三种试剂是按顺序都加入吗?每一种都需要做吗?
可准备三份样品,三种试剂按说明书配制分别加入,可三组都做,但 钙黄绿素 AM 染色液和离子霉素对照品非必做。
3.离子霉素对照品荧光未完全淬灭?
可调整离子霉素对照品的终浓度,可以在 0.5×-5×之间进行调整。
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Required Instruments and Materials
Flow cytometer/fluorescence microscope/fluorescence microplate reader, cell culture plates, PBS (pH 7.4), centrifuge, adjustable pipettes and tips.
Notes
For research use only. Not for clinical diagnostic applications.
Experimental Procedure
Reagent Preparation
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Experimental Procedures
1 Flow Cytometry Analysis
(1) Treat cells according to your experimental protocol.
(2) For suspension cells: Harvest cells by centrifugation (4 °C, 300 g, 5 min). Wash twice with PBS and discard the supernatant. For adherent cells: Digest cells with EDTA-free trypsin, then collect cells via centrifugation (4 °C, 300 g, 5 min). Wash twice with PBS and remove the supernatant.
Notes: Prepare cell samples suspended in Assay Buffer as the negative control for flow cytometry detection.
(3) Resuspend cells with appropriate volumes of Calcein AM staining solution, Fluorescence quenching solution and Ionomycin control respectively to adjust the cell density to approximately 1×10⁶ cells/mL. Incubate at 37 °C in the dark for 30–45 min; the optimal incubation time varies among different cell types.
(4) After incubation, pellet cells by centrifugation at 300 g for 5 min. Resuspend each sample in 1 mL Assay Buffer gently, then centrifuge again at 300 g for 5 min to collect cells.
(5) Resuspend cells in 400 μL Assay Buffer and analyze by flow cytometry (Ex/Em = 494/517 nm, FITC channel recommended).
2 Fluorescence Microscopy Analysis
For suspension cells
(1) Prepare and stain samples following steps (1)–(3) of Flow Cytometry Analysis.
(2) Centrifuge at 300 g for 5 min and discard the supernatant. Gently resuspend cells in 1 mL pre-warmed culture medium (37 °C), then incubate at 37 °C in the dark for another 30 min to allow sufficient intracellular esterase cleavage of Calcein AM into fluorescent green calcein.
(3) Centrifuge at 300 g for 5 min, remove most of the medium, resuspend cells and smear onto slides for observation under a fluorescence microscope.
For adherent cells
(1) Culture cells in appropriate cell culture plates at 37 °C in a CO₂ incubator for at least 24 h before subsequent treatments.
(2) Treat cells as designed; set up a negative control group incubated without inducer.
(3) Wash cells twice with PBS.
(4) Add appropriate volumes of Calcein AM staining solution, Fluorescence quenching solution and Ionomycin control to cells respectively. Typical volumes per well: 100 μL for 96-well plates, 250 μL for 24-well plates, 500 μL for 12-well plates, 1 mL for 6-well plates. Incubate at 37 °C in the dark for 30–45 min; optimal incubation time varies with cell types.
(5) After incubation, replace with fresh pre-warmed culture medium (37 °C) and incubate at 37 °C in the dark for another 30 min to fully convert Calcein AM to green fluorescent calcein by intracellular esterases.
(6) Wash cells 2–3 times with PBS, add Assay Buffer and observe under a fluorescence microscope (calcein emits green fluorescence, Ex/Em = 494/517 nm).
Representative Results

Figure 1. Staining results of L929 cells stained with Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (MPTP) Assay Kit.
A: Calcein AM staining solution group, intense green fluorescence is observed in both cytoplasm and mitochondria;
B: Fluorescence quenching solution group, moderate green fluorescence is only retained in mitochondria;
C: Ionomycin control group, green fluorescence in cytoplasm and mitochondria is almost completely quenched with barely detectable signals;
The difference in green fluorescence intensity between group B and C indicates MPTP opening, which triggers the efflux of calcein from mitochondria and allows Co²⁺ to enter the mitochondrial matrix, resulting in quenching of mitochondrial calcein green fluorescence.
FAQ
1.Can cell culture medium be used instead of Assay buffer?
No. The substitute medium must be phenol red-free and serum-free.
2.Do I need to add Calcein AM staining solution, Fluorescence quenching solution and Ionomycin control in sequence and prepare all three groups?
Prepare three parallel samples with the three working solutions separately as instructed. All three groups are recommended, while Calcein AM staining solution group and Ionomycin control group are optional.
3.Why is the fluorescence of Ionomycin control not fully quenched?
Adjust the final concentration of Ionomycin control within the range of 0.5×–5×.
| 项目号 | 物理外观 | 组件 | 50T | 100T | 储存 |
| M1525763A | 液体 | 钙黄绿素 AM(1000 ×) | 50 µL | 100 µL | -20℃. Store in the dark. |
| M1525763B | 液体 | 氯化钴(100×) | 0.5 mL | 1 mL | -20℃ |
| M1525763C | 液体 | 离子霉素 (200×) | 250 µL | 500 µL | -20℃. Store in the dark. |
| M1525763D | 液体 | 检测缓冲液 | 100 mL | 100 mL×2 | -20℃ |