NLRP3-IN-41 (compd S-9) is an orally active and brain-penetrant NLRP3 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activities, anti-neuroinflammatory effect and without obvious cytotoxicity. NLRP3-IN-41 inhibits the priming and activation stages of the NLRP3 inflammasome and can be used for inflammasome-related diseases research.