NLRP3-IN-49 (compound Z48) is a potent and specific NLRP3 inhibitor ( IC 50 =0.26 μM in THP-1 cells, IC 50 =0.21 μM in mouse bone marrow macrophages). NLRP3-IN-49 can directly bind to NLRP3 protein ( K d =1.05 μM), effectively preventing the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. NLRP3-IN-49 can be used in the study of inflammatory bowel disease.