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一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)广泛分布于生物体内神经、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿生殖等系统中,特别是神经组织中含量较丰富。NO 是一种新型的生物信使分子,在细胞间及细胞内发挥信号传递的作用。NO 因含有自由基,易被氧化为 NO₂-和 NO₃-。因此,通常要测定 NO₂- 和 NO₃- 的总量来推算总 NO 的含量。
本试剂盒检测原理是利用改进的格里斯法将 NO₃- 还原为 NO₂- 。在酸性条件下, NO₂- 与磺胺发生重氮化反应,生成的重氮盐与 N-(1-萘基)乙二胺二盐酸盐结合产生紫红色复合物,测定其在 540 nm 处的吸光度值即可计算样本中 NO 的含量。
组分表
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注:整套试剂盒未拆封于−20 ℃避光保存,自生产之日起有效期 12 个月。拆封后各组分稳定性不同:为避免反复冻融,组分 N1527490A、N1527490B、N1527490C、N1527490D 可转至 2‑8 ℃存放,有效期仍为 12 个月;组分 N1527490E 需继续冷冻保存。
*请在实验前检查各组分的量。
*各组分在规格基础上额外提供 10%的量用于进行标准曲线制作或预实验。
自备仪器与试剂
| 自备资源类型 | 资源名称 | 备注 |
| 仪器 | 酶标仪 | 能测 540 nm 处的吸光度 |
| 耗材 | 96 孔酶标板 | 普通透明板 |
| 试剂 | 去离子水/PBS | 试剂配置用/样本清洗用 |
| 其他 | 匀浆器(组织样本) 、低温离心机、恒温箱、制冰机、 可调节式移液枪及枪头 | 检测量较大时合理使用多通道移液器有 助于提高实验效率 |
注意事项
1.正式检测前,建议选择 2-3 个预期差异较大的样本进行预实验。
2.RPMI 1640 等含有较高浓度硝酸盐的培养液容易对本试剂盒的检测产生干扰,请尽量避免。必需使用RPMI 1640 培养液时,在检测一氧化氮前必需先换成其他适当培养液例如 DMEM、MEM、F12 等,或换成 HBSS 或 PBS 等。
3. 对于组织样本及细胞样本等,可通过测定蛋白浓度来进行样本间结果均一化。
4. 建议实验者自行建立标准曲线以提高结果准确度。如未自行建立标准曲线,可参考结果展示部分的典型标准曲线公式进行结果计算。
5. 生化检测试剂普遍具有刺激性、生物毒性等,为了您的安全和健康,请在实验全程做好生物安全防护,穿戴实验服、口罩、手套、头套等安全护具,在通风橱、生物安全柜中进行实验。
6. 本产品仅供科学研究使用,不适用于临床诊断。
试剂准备
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标准品配制
标准曲线设置:取 10 μL NaNO₂ 标准品 (1 M)用 990 μL PBS (pH 7.4)稀释至 10 mM NaNO₂ 标准品储备液Ⅰ。取 10 μL 10 mM 的NaNO₂ 标准品储备液Ⅰ用 990 μL PBS (pH 7.4)稀释至 100 μM NaNO₂ 标准品储备液Ⅱ。用 100 μM NaNO₂ 标准品储备液Ⅱ按下表所示,进行下一步稀释。标准品现配现用;稀释后的标准溶液不稳定,必须在 4 小时内使用。
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样本制备
注意:推荐使用新鲜样本,如果不立即进行实验,样本可在-80℃保存 1 个月。抗氧化剂和亲核剂(例如β-巯基乙醇、谷胱甘肽、二硫苏糖醇和半胱氨酸)可能会干扰检测。在样品制备过程中避免使用这些化合物。
1.动植物组织或细胞样本:称取约 0.1 g 组织样本或收集 5×106 个细胞,加入 1 mL PBS (pH 7.4),冰浴匀浆,14000 rpm,4℃离心 10 min,取上清液脱蛋白后用于检测。
2.细菌样本:收集 5×106 个细菌,加入 1 mL PBS (pH 7.4),冰浴超声破碎 5 min(功率 20%或 200 W,超声 3 s,间隔 7 s,重复 30 次),然后 14000 rpm,4℃离心 10 min,取上清液脱蛋白后用于检测。
3.血浆、血清和尿液(和其他生物体液):血清、血浆、全血、细胞上清和含有 FBS 的细胞培养基等蛋白丰富的样本需要进行脱蛋白后用于检测;尿液及唾液等蛋白含量较低的样本可直接用于检测。
4.样本脱蛋白处理流程:将 150 μL 样本与 8 μL ZnSO₄ 混合在 1.5 mL EP 管中,旋涡,然后 14000 rpm,4℃离心 10 min。将 100 μL 的上清液转移到干净的 EP 管中即获得脱蛋白样本。(脱蛋白操作将对样本产生稀释效果,请在结果计算时考虑此稀释倍数,或对各 Standard 工作液进行相同的脱蛋白流程处理维持相同的稀释
倍数。)
实验步骤
1. 酶标仪准备:预热30 min以上,调节波长到540 nm。
2. 工作液的配制:每孔需要200 μL工作液,为避免损失,按204μL 每单孔体系配制:吸取50 μL格里斯试剂Ⅰ、 50 μL格里斯试剂Ⅱ和104 μLVCl₃试剂。工作液需现配现用。
3. 检测体系配制:将100 μL稀释的标准品和样本添加到单独标记的EP管中(建议样本至少重复测量2次)。
然后在每个样本和标准管中加入200 μL 工作液,混合均匀。
4. 反应体系在 37℃下孵育 30 min。
5. 吸光度检测:将样本反应管 8000g 离心1min以去除不溶物,并分别从每个反应管中取250 μL 液体转移到96孔板中。在540 nm处读取吸光度值,分别标记为 A空白 、 A标准 和 A测定 。
结果计算
1.数据处理
计算 ΔA标准 = A标准 - A空白,ΔA测定 = A测定 - A空白。
2. 标准曲线绘制
以标准品浓度为 x 轴,ΔA标准 为 y 轴,绘制标准曲线。将 ΔA测定 代入方程得到 x 值(μM)。
3. 样本 NO 含量计算
- 按样本质量计算 NO (nmol/g) = x × V样 ÷ (W × V样 ÷ V样总) × n = x ÷ W × n
- 按细胞或细菌数量计算: NO (nmol/10⁴) = x × V样 ÷ (500 × V样 ÷ V样总) × n = x ÷ 500 × n
- 按液体体积计算 脱蛋白处理 NO (nmol/mL) = x × V液样 ÷ V液样 × n = x × 1.05 × n 直接检测 NO (nmol/mL) = x × V液样 ÷ V液样 × n = x × n
- 按蛋白浓度数量计算 NO (nmol/mg prot) = x × V样 ÷ (V样 × Cpr) × n = x ÷ Cpr× n
注:
nmol: 1 μM = 1 nmol/mL;
V样: 加入样本体积,0.1 mL;
V液总: 液体样本及加入的 ZnSO₄ 体积之和,0.158 mL;
V液样: 液体样本体积,0.15 mL;
n: 样本稀释倍数;
Cpr: 样本蛋白质浓度,mg/mL;
W: 样本质量,g;
V样总: 样本提取体积,1 mL;
500: 细胞或细菌数量,5×10⁶,以10⁴为单位。
结果展示
典型标准曲线:y=0.0124x-0.002

示例: 取 0.1 g 小鼠肾脏组织,按照测定步骤操作,用 96 孔板进行检测。测得ΔA 测定=A 测定-A 空白=0.3203-0.1060=0.2143,代入标准曲线,计算 x=17.444。按样本质量计算得:NO (nmol/g) = x× V样 ÷ (W× V样 ÷ V样总 )×n = x÷W×n=174.44 nmol/g。
FAQ
检测得到的样本 ΔA测定 过高或者过低怎么办?
如果样本 ΔA测定 >1.0,则说明样本 NO 含量太高,需用 PBS(pH 7.4)适当稀释(计算公式中乘以相应稀释倍数)。如果样本的 ΔA测定<0.005,可提高样本量。
Nitric oxide (NO) is widely distributed in the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and urogenital systems of organisms, with particularly high content in neural tissues. NO is a novel biological messenger molecule that plays a role in signal transduction between and within cells. Because NO contains free radicals, it is easily oxidized to NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻. Therefore, the total NO content is usually determined by measuring the sum of NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻.
The detection principle of this kit uses an improved Griess method to reduce NO₃⁻ to NO₂⁻. Under acidic conditions, NO₂⁻ reacts with sulfanilamide to form a diazonium salt, which then couples with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to produce a purple-red complex. The absorbance at 540 nm is measured to calculate the NO content in the sample.
Component Table
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Notes: Store the unopened kit at −20 °C protected from light; 12‑month shelf‑life from the date of manufacture. After opening, components differ in stability: to avoid repeated freeze‑thaw cycles, components N1527490A, N1527490B, N1527490C and N1527490D may be stored at 2‑8 °C with the 12‑month shelf‑life unchanged, while component N1527490E must remain frozen.
*Please check the quantity of each component before use.
*Each component is supplied with an additional 10% over the specified volume for standard curve preparation or preliminary experiments.
Reagents, consumables and Equipments not provided
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Precautions
1.Before formal testing, it is recommended to perform preliminary experiments using 2–3 samples with expected large differences.
2.Culture media containing high concentrations of nitrate, such as RPMI 1640, may interfere with the assay and should be avoided. If RPMI 1640 is necessary, it must be replaced with an appropriate medium (e.g., DMEM, MEM, F12) or with HBSS or PBS before NO detection.
3.For tissue and cell samples, result normalization can be achieved by measuring protein concentration.
4.It is recommended that users establish their own standard curve for better accuracy. If not, the typical standard curve formula shown in the Results section can be used for calculation.
5.Biochemical reagents are generally irritating and biologically toxic. For your safety, wear lab coats, masks, gloves, head covers, and other protective equipment. Perform all experiments in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet.
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Standard Preparation
For standard curve: Take 10 μL of NaNO₂ standard (1 M) and dilute with 990 μL PBS (pH 7.4) to obtain 10 mM NaNO₂ standard stock I. Take 10 μL of the 10 mM stock I and dilute with 990 μL PBS (pH 7.4) to obtain 100 μM NaNO₂ standard stock II. Then dilute the 100 μM stock II according to the table below. The standards should be freshly prepared and used within 4 hours.
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Sample Preparation
Note: Fresh samples are recommended. If not assayed immediately, samples can be stored at -80°C for up to 1 month. Antioxidants and nucleophiles (e.g., β-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, DTT, and cysteine) may interfere with the assay and should be avoided during sample preparation.
1.Tissue or cell samples: Weigh ~0.1 g of tissue or collect 5×10^6 cells. Add 1 mL PBS (pH 7.4), homogenize on ice, centrifuge at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C, and collect the supernatant for deproteinization before assay.
2.Bacterial samples: Collect 5×10^6 bacteria. Add 1 mL PBS (pH 7.4), sonicate on ice for 5 min (power 20% or 200 W, pulse 3 s on, 7 s off, 30 cycles), then centrifuge at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C, and collect the supernatant for deproteinization before assay.
3.Plasma, serum, urine, and other biological fluids: Protein-rich samples such as serum, plasma, whole blood, cell culture supernatant, and FBS‑containing media require deproteinization before assay. Low‑protein samples such as urine and saliva can be assayed directly.
4.Deproteinization procedure: Mix 150 μL of sample with 8 μL ZnSO₄ in a 1.5 mL tube, vortex, and centrifuge at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. Transfer 100 μL of the supernatant to a clean tube – this is the deproteinized sample. (Note: Deproteinization dilutes the sample; account for this dilution factor in calculations, or subject the standard working solutions to the same deproteinization process to maintain identical dilution.)
Assay Procedure
1.Microplate reader preparation: Warm up for at least 30 min and set the wavelength to 540 nm.
2.Working solution preparation: Each well requires 200 μL working solution. To avoid loss, prepare 204 μL per well: mix 50 μL Griess Reagent I, 50 μL Griess Reagent II, and 104 μL VCl₃ reagent. The working solution must be freshly prepared.
3.Reaction mixture setup: Add 100 μL of diluted standards and samples to separately labeled EP tubes (it is recommended to run samples in duplicate at least). Then add 200 μL of working solution to each tube and mix well.
4.Incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
5.Absorbance reading: Centrifuge the reaction tubes at 8,000×g for 1 min to remove insoluble matter. Transfer 250 μL from each tube to a 96‑well plate. Read absorbance at 540 nm and record as Ablank , Astandard and Asample .
Results Calculation
1. Data processing Calculate ΔAstandard = Astandard – Ablank, and ΔAsample = Asample – Ablank.
2. Standard curve plotting Plot the standard curve with standard concentration on the x‑axis and ΔAstandard on the y‑axis. Substitute ΔAsample into the equation to obtain the x‑value (μM).
3. Calculation of NO content in samples
-By sample weight: NO (nmol/g) = x × Vsample ÷ (W × Vsample ÷ Vtotal) × n = x ÷ W × n
-By cell or bacterial count: NO (nmol/10⁴) = x × Vsample ÷ (500 × Vsample ÷ Vtotal) × n = x ÷ 500 × n
-By liquid volume: After deproteinization: NO (nmol/mL) = x × Vliquid ÷ Vliquid × n = x × 1.05 × n Direct assay: NO (nmol/mL) = x × Vliquid ÷ Vliquid × n = x × n
-By protein concentration: NO (nmol/mg prot) = x × Vsample ÷ (Vsample × Cpr) × n = x ÷ Cpr × n
Notes:
nmol: 1 μM = 1 nmol/mL;
Vsample: volume of sample added, 0.1 mL;
Vliquid total: total volume of liquid sample plus added ZnSO₄, 0.158 mL;
Vliquid sample: volume of liquid sample, 0.15 mL;
n: dilution factor of the sample;
Cpr: protein concentration of sample, mg/mL;
W: sample weight, g;
Vtotal: extraction volume of sample, 1 mL;
500: cell or bacterial number, 5×10⁶, expressed in units of 10⁴.
Results Example
Typical standard curve: y = 0.0124x – 0.002
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Example: Take 0.1 g mouse kidney tissue, follow the assay procedure, and measure with a 96‑well plate. Obtain ΔAsample = Asample – Ablank = 0.3203 – 0.1060 = 0.2143. Substitute into the standard curve to get x = 17.444. Calculate by sample weight: NO (nmol/g) = x ÷ W × n = 174.44 nmol/g.
FAQ
What should be done if the measured ΔAsample of the test sample is excessively high or low?
If ΔAsample > 1.0, it indicates that the NO content in the sample is too high. Appropriately dilute the sample with PBS (pH 7.4) (multiply by the corresponding dilution factor in the calculation formula). If ΔAsample < 0.005, increase the sample loading volume.
| 组分货号 | 组分名称 | 物理外观 | 48T | 96T | 储存 |
| N1527490A | 格里斯试剂 Ⅰ | 液体 | 4mL | 8mL | 2-8℃. 避光 |
| N1527490B | 格里斯试剂 Ⅱ | 液体 | 4mL | 8mL | 2-8℃. 避光 |
| N1527490C | VCl₃ 试剂 | 液体 | 7.5mL | 15mL | 2-8℃. 避光 |
| N1527490D | ZnSO₄ | 液体 | 0.6mL | 1.2mL | 2-8℃. 避光 |
| N1527490E | NaNO₂ 标准品 (1 M) | 液体 | 1mL | 1mL | -20℃. 避光 |
通过匹配包装上的批号来查找并下载产品的 COA,每批产品都进行了严格的验证,您可放心使用!
| 批号(Lot Number) | 证书类型 | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| 分析证书 | N1527490 |