计算溶液所需的质量、体积或浓度。
,适用于对基线干扰要求严格的色谱和分析工作流程。
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在色谱分析、有机合成和交叉偶联反应领域已被 0 篇同行评审文献引用。
aladdin™荧光细胞连接试剂盒采⽤本公司专利膜标记技术,能够将带有较⻓脂质尾巴的⻩⾊-橙⾊荧光染料结合到细胞膜脂质区域上。染⾊⽅式依赖于细胞与膜的类型,主要⽤于细胞体外标记、体外细胞增殖研究及体内外细胞示踪研究。试剂盒中提供染⾊过程中所需的溶剂(稀释液C),该溶剂可以可以在染⾊过程中,增加染料溶解度和染⾊效率,同时维持细胞活⼒。稀释液C与哺乳动物细胞等渗,且不含去垢剂或有机溶剂,也不含⽣理盐⽔和缓冲盐。根据细胞类型及标记后细胞膜内在的变化,标记后的细胞表⾯会由均⼀透亮变得有点状凸起或补丁状。但在⽣理范围内,aladdin™荧光不受pH的影响,每个细胞的荧光强度与染料标记位置⽆关。
aladdin™ 荧光在⻩⾊-橙⾊区域(λex=551 nm, λem=567 nm),可⽤来标记追踪体内外多种细胞。在细胞毒性分析,荧光蛋⽩、抗体或DNA 染料在该区域发出的紫⾊、绿⾊、红⾊和远红外等,不会与aladdin™ 产⽣⼲扰。aladdin™最常被⽤于基于染料稀释增殖的分析的染料稀释应⽤,包括建⽴抗原特异性前体频谱和正常或肿瘤组织中静⽌或缓慢⼲细胞或祖细胞的鉴定。同时aladdin™ 也可⽤于监测外来病毒、⾎⼩板和其他纳⽶颗粒的摄⼊;⼲细胞分裂过程中膜的分配;细胞-细胞之间膜的转移;细胞吞噬作⽤;抗原呈递;粘附;通过间隙连接的信号传递;以及组织切⽚中的神经元迁移。aladdin™ 荧光稳定性很强,特别是标记的细胞的研究周期超过⼀周时aladdin™ 被⽤于体内细胞追踪研究。
组分:
|
注意事项:
● 染料的工作液随用随配,不要将配好的染料贮存,影响染⾊效果。
●
aladdin™
染色过程中,不能存在叠氮化物或代谢毒性物。
●虽然贴壁细胞也可以染色,但为获得均匀染色,单细胞悬液最佳。因此用蛋白酶(trypsin/EDTA)将贴壁细胞消化成单个悬浮细胞后再染色效果更佳。
●染色前去除血清和脂质以提高染色效果。
●盐的存在会导致染料形成颗粒,干扰染色反应。因此,加染料前细胞重新悬置是很重要的。染料应直接加到细胞悬液中,而不是加到细胞团上。
● 过度的细胞标记将导致膜完整性丧失、细胞数量下降。本样品细胞和染料浓度是参照浓度适合大部分细胞,但最佳染料/细胞由使用者根据细胞类型和实验目的决定,另外使用者还要评估细胞的生存力(排碘),荧光强度,荧光峰值的变异系数,染色的均匀性。
● 染⾊浓度根据细胞种类的不同和每孔内细胞数量的多少⽽异。不同的细胞种类标记后可以⽰踪的代次或时间差异较⼤,请根据实际情况或参考⽂献进⾏检测。
操作注意:快速均匀的混合对标记非常重要,为获得最佳效果应采取下述措施:
1) 混合时细胞悬液和工作染液应等量;
2) 避免染太多(>5ml)或太少(<100ul)的液体。避免用沾血清的移液管加染料;
3) 液体量应尽可能精确以保证细胞和染料浓度被精确复制。
4)染料和稀释液作用于细胞的时间尽量短,有一定毒性。可用稀释液按上述步骤作用于细胞看其受损程度。
5) 加等量血清终止反应,在终止染色反应前别离心稀释液C中的细胞,清洗时用含血清培养基可增加清洗效果。
6) 细胞应单独移至新试管中离心,清洗3次时不用稀释液C而用培养基。
7) 可用于体外干细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、内皮细胞等的标记较理想。
8) 全细胞标记应先于单抗染色的标记,当4℃单抗染色时细胞跟踪探针将保持稳定;如后于单抗染色的标记,很可能出现“盖帽”现象。
9) 染色细胞用2%多聚甲醛固定稳定性达3w以上。
所需材料:
均匀的单细胞悬液;含血清培养基;无血清培养基或不含Ca2+Mg2+的PBS液;血清、白蛋白或与培养基兼容的蛋白源;聚丙烯锥形离心管;温度可控的离心机(0-1000g);荧光分析仪(荧光计,荧光显微镜,流式细胞仪,荧光图象分析仪);超净台;细胞计数仪;载玻片。
操作步骤:
1. 一般细胞膜标记
亲脂性染料结合到细胞膜上完成标记。染⾊强度是染料浓度和细胞浓度的函数,与渗透性⽆关。因此,保证染料添加量不过量⾮常关键。过标记的细胞将会导致细胞膜完整性缺失和或降低细胞活性。
下列过程可⽤于体内体外细胞的标记,包括⼲细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、内⽪细胞、神经细胞或者任何其他细
胞。体内细胞的标记过程需⼀定的改进,如⾎⼩板的染⾊,或者选择性标记吞噬细胞。
下述染⾊过程中细胞浓度和染料浓度代表操作的起始浓度。该浓度被证明适⽤于多种细胞。使⽤者需通过评估染⾊后细胞活率(如,PI染⾊)、荧光强度、染⾊均匀度及是否对所研究细胞功能有影响等,根据实验⽬的,确定最优的染料浓度和细胞浓度。无菌操作示范步骤(总体积2ml,染色终浓度为 2×10-6M
aladdin™
染料和1×107细胞/ml,所有操作在20~25℃)
1. 胰酶和/或EDTA消化细胞形成单细胞悬液,将2×107个细胞于锥形离⼼管中,⽤⽆⾎清培养基洗⼀次。
注意:⾎清蛋⽩和脂质会与染料结合,降低与细胞膜结合的染料浓度。最好在⽤稀释液C重悬细胞染⾊前(第四步)⽤⽆⾎清培养基或缓冲液洗细胞⼀次(第⼀步)。
2. 400×g 离⼼5分钟形成松散的细胞团。
注意:
aladdin™
染料不能直接加到离⼼沉淀中,这样会造成细胞染⾊不均⼀和细胞活⼒降低。
3. 离⼼后,⼩⼼吸弃上层清液,细胞团上剩余液体<25ul。
注意:为得到可重复的实验结果,在⽤稀释液C重悬时,减少残留培养基或缓冲液体积⾮常重要。
4. 加⼊1mL稀释液C,⽤移液管轻轻吹打混匀,制备2×细胞悬液。重悬细胞保证完全离散,别震荡,不要让细胞在稀释液C中保存太⻓时间。
注意:⽣理盐的存在会使得染料结团并⼤幅降低染⾊效率。需确保染⾊时细胞悬浮于稀释液C中,不含培养基或缓冲盐。
5. 临染⾊之前,将4μL
aladdin™
⼄醇溶液加⼊1mL稀释液C中,充分混匀,配制的2×染⾊液(4×10-6M)。
注意1:为减少⼄醇对细胞活率的影响,步骤5加⼊的染料使得步骤6中⼄醇最终浓度不能超过1-2%。
注意2:如果所需染料最终浓度<2×10-6M,需⽤100%⼄醇将
aladdin™
稀释于另⼀单独的容器中,以确保实验结果的可重复性。
6. 快速将1mL 2×细胞悬液(步骤4)加⼊1mL 2×染⾊液(步骤5)中,⽴即⽤吸管均匀快速混合样品,因为均匀的染⾊是在瞬间发⽣的。(最终细胞浓度为1×107/mL,
aladdin™
浓度为2×10-6M)。
注意:由于染⾊瞬间完成,快速将细胞与染料混匀对得到明亮、均匀和可重复的标记结果⾮常重要。为获得最佳效果应采取下述措施:
a.不要将
aladdin™
染料直接加⼊含2×细胞的稀释液C中。
b. 将2×细胞悬液(步骤4)与2×染⾊液(步骤5)等体积混合。
c. 调整2×细胞和2×染料的浓度避免染⾊体积太⼩(<100μL)或太⼤(>5mL)。
d. ⽤电动移液器快速将细胞和染料混匀。⾎清移液管混匀速度太慢⽽使得染⾊不均匀。震荡和旋涡震荡混匀同样混匀较慢,染⾊均⼀性较差。
e. 分配体积尽量准确,以保证样品与样品之间,实验与实验之间的可重复性。
7. 混匀后的染⾊的细胞 25℃孵育的 2-5min,定时轻轻颠倒离⼼管保证在 25℃充分混匀。由于染⾊速度较快,延⻓孵育时间对实验没有帮助。
注意:让细胞在染⾊液中停留尽量短的时间,同时保证得到理想的染⾊强度。因为稀释液C缺少⽣理性盐,过⻓时间的暴露在稀释液C中会造成某些细胞活⼒降低。如果不能确定其影响程度,可增加仅作稀释的对照组和只⽤⼄醇⽽不⽤染料染⾊的对照组。
8. 加⼊等体积的⾎清(2mL)或加⼊等量⾎清或1%BSA中⽌染⾊反应,孵育1min以结合多余的染料。
注意1:⾎清(或等效的蛋⽩浓度)为最优的终⽌液。如果⽤完全培养基(含⾎清的组织培养基)替代,添加体积为10mL。
注意2:不要通过加稀释液C或离⼼来终⽌反应。
注意3:不要⽤⽆⾎清培养基或缓冲盐,他们会使染料产⽣聚集。染料聚集使清洗过程中⽆法洗净,使得分析过程中仍存在未标记的细胞。
9. 将细胞在20-25℃条件下400×g离⼼10 min,⼩⼼吸弃上清。⽤10mL完全培养基(含⾎清的组织培养基)重悬,将重悬液转移⾄另⼀新的⽆菌离⼼管中,20-25℃条件下400×g离⼼5 min。⽤10mL完全培养基再清洗两遍以除去没结合的染料。
注意1:将重悬液转移⾄新离⼼管中,减少了离⼼管壁残留的染料对洗涤效率的影响;注意2:不要⽤稀释液C清洗。
10. 最后⼀步清洗后,⽤10mL完全培养基重悬细胞评估细胞回收率,细胞活率和荧光强度。离⼼重悬细胞⾄所需活细
胞浓度。
注意1:染⾊后的细胞可以⽤中性甲醛固定,避光条件下,荧光强度⾄少3周内保持稳定。
注意2:染⾊荧光强度⼀般为背景的100-1000倍。虽然染⾊的CV值与细胞种类有关,但荧光分布应该尽量均匀对称。
11. 荧光显微镜/流式细胞仪分析细胞。检查细胞复苏情况、传代情况及荧光浓度。染⾊应均匀,⽐本底荧光⾼100-1000
倍。
aladdin™
染⾊优化 
MC-38 TIL 细胞⽤上述指定aladdin™浓度染⾊,最终细胞浓度为1×107/ml。活⼒(▲)由FITC染⾊测定,平均荧光强度(●)⽤流式细胞仪检测。⽤20μM aladdin™标记后,抗肿瘤TIL特异性和效能没有改变。
2. 组织学:
制备和保存含PKH标记细胞切⽚时要冰冻切⽚和特殊的封固标本技术。
切⽚制备:
1、 切除组织后⽴即放⼊⼲冰冰冻。
2、 切⽚前-70℃保存。
3、 ⽤OCT(Tissue-Tek; Miles, INC.)复合物制作冰冻切⽚。
4、 4-5um组织切⽚。
5、 载玻⽚室温下⼲燥1h。
6、 封固盖玻⽚⽤1-2滴氰基丙烯酸盐粘合剂酯胶。
7、 检查和拍⽚时⽤标准的滤光器如FITC(PKH2和PKH67)或TRITC(aladdin™)。
复染切⽚:
1、 将玻⽚浸在丙酮液24-48h,去除盖⽚;
2、 蒸馏⽔清洗去丙酮;
3、 复染切⽚易⽤Mayer或Harris苏⽊精;
4、 封固载玻⽚⽤AS/AP永久性⽔合封固液(Bio/Can America, Inc.,Porland, ME)
注意:由于有机溶剂可析取PKH染液,⽽复染⼜吸收荧光,因⽽同时观察组织学和PKH荧光不可取。
操作步骤:
特别提醒:
1) 本公司所有产品仅限于专业人员用于生命科学研究,不得用于临床诊断或治疗,不得用于食品或药品,不得存放于普通住宅。
2) 本公司所有产品必须由合格专业技术人员操作同时佩戴口罩/手套/实验服并遵守生物实验室安全操作规程!
The aladdin™ Fluorescent Cell Linker Kits use proprietary membrane labeling technology to stably incorporate a yellow-orange fluorescent dye with long aliphatic tails (aladdin™) into lipid regions of the cell membrane.1,2 The labeling vehicle provided in the kits (Diluent C) is an aqueous solution designed to maintain cell viability, while maximizing dye solubility and staining efficiency during the labeling step. Diluent C is iso-osmotic for mammalian cells and contains no detergents or organic solvents, but also lacks physiologic salts and buffers. The appearance of labeled cells may vary from bright and uniform to punctate or patchy, depending on the cell type being labeled and the extent to which membrane internalization occurs after labeling. However, aladdin™ fluorescence is independent of pH within physiologic ranges and fluorescence intensity per cell is typically
unaffected by the pattern of dye localization.
aladdin™ fluoresces in the yellow-orange region of the spectrum (see Figure 1) and has been found to be useful for in vitro and in vivo cell tracking applications in a wide variety of systems. aladdin™ is compatible with violet, green, red, or far-red viability probes used in cytotoxicity assays and with fluorescent proteins, antibodies, or DNA dyes emitting in these spectral regions. One of the most common uses of aladdin™ is proliferation analysis based on dye dilution. Applications of dye dilution proliferation analysis include estimation of antigen-specific precursor frequencies and identification of quiescent or slowly dividing stem or progenitor cells in normal and neoplastic tissues.16-20 aladdin™ has also proven useful for monitoring: uptake of exosomes, viruses, platelets, and other nanoparticles; apportionment of membrane in stem cell division; cell-cell membrane transfer;phagocytosis; antigen presentation; adhesion; signaling through gap junctions, and neuronal migration in tissue slices. Due to its extremely stable fluorescence, aladdin™ is the cell linker dye of choice for in vivo cell tracking studies, particularly when labeled cells are to be followed for periods longer than a few weeks.
Components:
|
Precautions:
● The working solution of the dye is ready for use. Do not store the prepared dye to affect the dyeing effect.
●During the aladdin™ staining process, there must be no azides or metabolic toxicants.
●Although adherent cells can also be stained, a single cell suspension is best for uniform staining. Therefore, the staining effect is better after digesting adherent cells into single suspension cells with protease (trypsin/EDTA).
●Remove serum and lipid before staining to improve staining effect.
●The presence of salt can cause the dye to form particles and interfere with the dyeing reaction. Therefore, it is important to resuspend the cells before adding the dye. The dye should be added directly to the cell suspension, not to the cell mass.
● Excessive cell labeling will result in loss of membrane integrity and decreased cell number. The cell and dye concentration in this sample is a reference concentration suitable for most cells, but the best dye/cell is determined by the user according to the cell type and experimental purpose. In addition, the user must also evaluate the cell viability (iodine excretion), fluorescence intensity, and fluorescence. Coefficient of variation of peak value, uniformity of dyeing.
● The stain concentration varies according to the type of cell and the number of cells in each well. The number of generations or times that can be traced after different cell types are marked is quite different. Please make a test based on the actual situation or reference documents.
Operation Note: Fast and uniform mixing is very important for marking. The following measures should be taken to obtain the best results:
1) The cell suspension and working dye solution should be the same amount when mixing;
2) Avoid staining too much (>5ml) or too little (<100ul) liquid. Avoid adding dye with a pipette stained with serum;
3) The liquid volume should be as precise as possible to ensure that the cell and dye concentration are accurately replicated.
4) The time that the dye and diluent act on the cells is as short as possible and has certain toxicity. The diluent can be used to act on the cells according to the above steps to see the degree of damage.
5) Add the same amount of serum to terminate the reaction. Do not centrifuge the cells in Diluent C before terminating the staining reaction. Use serum-containing medium to increase the cleaning effect.
6) The cells should be transferred to a new tube and centrifuged separately, and the culture medium should be used instead of Diluent C when washing 3 times.
7) Ideal for marking in vitro stem cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, endothelial cells, etc.
8) Whole cell labeling should precede the labeling of monoclonal antibody staining. The cell tracking probe will remain stable when the monoclonal antibody is stained at 4°C; if the labeling is followed by monoclonal antibody staining, the phenomenon of "blocking" is likely to occur.
9) The stained cells are fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and the stability is more than 3w.
Materials needed:
Uniform single cell suspension; serum-containing medium; serum-free medium or PBS without Ca2+Mg2+; serum, albumin or protein source compatible with the medium; polypropylene conical centrifuge tube; temperature controllable Centrifuge (0-1000g); fluorescence analyzer (fluorometer, fluorescence microscope, flow cytometer, fluorescence image analyzer); ultra-clean table; cell counter; glass slide.
Operation steps:
1. General cell membrane markers
Lipophilic dyes bind to the cell membrane to complete labeling. The dye intensity is a function of dye concentration and cell concentration, and is not related to permeability. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the amount of dye added is not excessive. Over labeled cells will result in loss of membrane integrity and/or reduced cell viability.
The following processes can be used for labeling cells both in vivo and in vitro, including lymphocytes, monocytes, monocytes, neurons, or any other small cells
Cell. The labeling process of cells in the body needs some improvement, such as staining of small plates or selective labeling of phagocytic cells.
The cell concentration and dye concentration during the following dyeing process represent the initial concentration of the operation. This concentration has been proven to be applicable to a variety of cells. Users need to evaluate the cell viability (such as PI staining), fluorescence intensity, staining uniformity, and whether it affects the function of the studied cells after staining, and determine the optimal dye concentration and cell concentration based on the experimental objectives. Aseptic operation demonstration steps (total volume 2ml, final staining concentration 2 × 10-6M aladdin) ™ Dye and 1 × 107 cells/ml, all operations at 20-25 ℃)
1. Cells are digested with trypsin and/or EDTA to form a single-cell suspension. 2 × 107 cells are placed in a conical centrifuge tube and washed once with sterile culture medium.
Attention: White egg whites and lipids will bind to dyes, reducing the concentration of dyes bound to the cell membrane. It is best to wash the cells once with a blank medium or buffer before resuspending them with diluent C (step 4).
2. Form loose cell clusters at 400 × g for 5 minutes away from the heart.
be careful: aladdin ™ Dyes cannot be directly added to the sediment, as this can cause uneven staining and reduced cell viability.
After leaving the heart, the heart aspirates and discards the upper clear fluid, leaving less than 25ul of fluid on the cell mass.
Note: To obtain reproducible experimental results, it is important to reduce the volume of residual culture medium or buffer when resuspending with diluent C.
4. Add 1mL of diluent C and gently mix with a pipette to prepare a 2 × cell suspension. Resuspend the cells to ensure complete dispersion, do not shake, and do not store the cells in diluent C for too long.
Attention: The presence of physiological salts can cause dye clumping and significantly reduce dyeing efficiency. Ensure that the cells are suspended in diluent C at the time of staining, without any culture medium or buffer salt.
Before dyeing, add 4 μ L of aladdin ™ Add 1mL of alcohol solution to diluent C, mix thoroughly, and prepare 2 x dye solution (4 x 10-6M).
Note 1: To reduce the effect of alcohol on cell viability, the dye added in step 5 should ensure that the final concentration of alcohol in step 6 does not exceed 1-2%.
Note 2: If the final concentration of the required dye is less than 2 × 10-6M, 100% alcohol should be used to add aladdin ™ Dilute in a separate container to ensure reproducibility of experimental results.
6. Quickly add 1mL of 2 × cell suspension (step 4) to 1mL of 2 × staining solution (step 5), and mix the sample evenly and quickly using a pipette immediately, as uniform staining occurs instantaneously. The final cell concentration is 1 × 107/mL, aladdin ™ The concentration is 2 × 10-6M.
Attention: Due to the instantaneous completion of staining, it is crucial to quickly mix the cells with the dye to obtain bright, uniform, and reproducible labeling results. To achieve the best results, the following measures should be taken:
a. Do not use aladdin ™ Add the dye directly to diluent C containing 2 x cells.
b. Mix 2 x cell suspension (step 4) with an equal volume of 2 x dye solution (step 5).
c. Adjust the concentration of 2 x cells and 2 x dye to avoid staining volumes that are too small (<100 μ L) or too large (>5mL).
d. Quickly mix cells and dye with an electric pipette. The mixing speed of the cleaning pipette is too slow, resulting in uneven staining. The mixing of oscillation and vortex oscillation is also slow, and the uniformity of dyeing is poor.
e. Allocate volumes as accurately as possible to ensure reproducibility between samples and experiments.
7. After mixing, the stained cells were incubated at 25 ℃ for 2-5 minutes, and the centrifuge tube was gently inverted at regular intervals to ensure thorough mixing at 25 ℃. Due to the fast dyeing speed, extending the incubation time is not helpful for the experiment.
Attention: Keep the cells in the dye solution for as short a time as possible while ensuring the desired dye intensity. Due to the lack of physiological salts in diluent C, prolonged exposure to diluent C can cause a decrease in certain cell viability. If the degree of its impact cannot be determined, a control group that is only diluted and a control group that only uses alcohol without dye can be added.
8. Add an equal volume of serum (2mL) or an equal amount of serum or 1% BSA for staining reaction, and incubate for 1 minute to bind excess dye.
Note 1: Qingqing (or equivalent egg white concentration) is the optimal final solution. If using complete culture medium (including clear tissue culture medium) as a substitute, add a volume of 10mL.
Note 2: Do not terminate the reaction by adding diluent C or centrifugation.
Note 3: Do not use blank culture media or buffer salts, as they can cause dye aggregation. The aggregation of dyes makes it impossible to clean during the cleaning process, resulting in the presence of unlabeled cells during the analysis process.
9. Leave the cells at 400 × g for 10 minutes at 20-25 ℃, and carefully aspirate the supernatant. Resuspend 10mL of complete culture medium (including clear tissue culture medium), transfer the resuspension to a new sterile centrifuge tube, and incubate at 400 × g for 5 minutes at 20-25 ℃. Wash twice with 10mL of complete culture medium to remove unbound dye.
Note 1: Transfer the heavy suspension to a new centrifuge tube to reduce the impact of residual dye on washing efficiency; Note 2: Do not clean with diluent C.
10. After the final step of cleaning, resuspend the cells in 10mL of complete culture medium to evaluate cell recovery rate, cell viability, and fluorescence intensity. The required vitality of suspended cells in the heart
Cell concentration.
Note 1: Stained cells can be fixed with neutral formaldehyde, and under dark conditions, the fluorescence intensity should remain stable for at least 3 weeks.
Note 2: The fluorescence intensity of the dye is generally 100-1000 times that of the background. Although the CV value of the dye is related to the type of cell, the fluorescence distribution should be as uniform and symmetrical as possible.
11. Fluorescence microscopy/flow cytometry analysis of cells. Check the cell recovery status, passage status, and fluorescence concentration. The dye should be uniform, with a fluorescence level 100-1000 higher than the background
Twice.
aladdin ™ Dyeing optimization

MC-38 TIL cells were treated with the specified aladdin mentioned above ™ Concentration staining resulted in a final cell concentration of 1 × 107/ml. The vitality (▲) was measured by FITC staining, and the average fluorescence intensity (●) was detected by flow cytometry. ⽤20μM aladdin ™ After labeling, there was no change in the specificity and efficacy of anti-tumor TIL.
2. Histology:
When preparing and storing PKH labeled cell sections, frozen sections and special sealing specimen techniques are required.
Cutting preparation:
1. After removing the tissue, it was immediately frozen with ice.
2. Store at -70 ℃ before cutting.
3. Prepare frozen sections using OCT (Tissue Tek; Miles, INC.) complex.
4 4-5 μ m tissue cutting.
5. Dry the glass at room temperature for 1 hour.
6. Use 1-2 drops of cyanoacrylate adhesive ester glue to seal and cover the glass.
7. Use standard filters such as FITC (PKH2 and PKH67) or TRITC (aladdin) for inspection and photography ™)。
Double dyeing cutting:
1. Soak the glass in acetone solution for 24-48 hours and remove the cover;
2. Wash with distilled water to remove acetone;
3. Easy to use Mayer or Harris spirit for dyeing and cutting;
4. Sealing and fixing glass with AS/AP permanent water-based solid-liquid sealing (Bio/Can America, Inc., Porland, ME)
Attention: Due to the fact that organic solvents can extract PKH staining solution, while counterstaining absorbs fluorescence, simultaneous observation of histology and PKH fluorescence is not advisable.
Steps
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2) All products of our company must be operated by qualified professional technicians while wearing masks/gloves/lab coats and complying with the safety operating procedures of the biological laboratory!