计算溶液所需的质量、体积或浓度。
,适用于对基线干扰要求严格的色谱和分析工作流程。
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在色谱分析、有机合成和交叉偶联反应领域已被 6 篇同行评审文献引用。
Phenformin hydrochloride 是一种双胍类的抗糖尿病剂,能够使 AMPK 活化。
Information
Phenformin (NSC-756501) HCl Phenformin HCl (NSC-756501, Phenethylbiguanide) is a hydrochloride salt of phenformin that is an anti-diabetic drug from the biguanide class. It activates AMPK , increasing activity and phosphorylation.
In vitro
Phenformin stimulates the phosphorylation and activation of AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2 without altering LKB1 activity. Phenformin increases AMPK activity and phosphorylation in the isolated heart, the increase in AMPK activity is always preceded by and correlated with increased cytosolic [AMP]. Phenformin is a 50-fold more potent inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I than metformin. Phenformin robustly induces apoptosis in LKB1 deficient NSCLC cell lines. Phenformin at 2 mM similarly induces AMPK signaling as shown by increased P-AMPK and P-Raptor levels. Phenformin induces higher levels of cellular stress, triggering induction of P-Ser51 eIF2α and its downstream target CHOP, and markers of apoptosis at later times. Phenformin induces a significant increase in survival and therapeutic response in KLluc mice following long-term treatment. Phenformin and AICAR increases AMPK activity in H441 cells in a dose-dependent fashion, stimulating the kinase maximally at 5-10 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Phenformin significantly decreases basal ion transport (measured as short circuit current) across H441 monolayers by approximately 50% compared with that of controls. Phenformin and AICAR significantly reduce amiloride-sensitive transepithelial Na+ transport compared with controls. Phenformin and AICAR suppress amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport across H441 cells via a pathway that includes activation of AMPK and inhibition of both apical Na+ entry through ENaC and basolateral Na+ extrusion via the Na+,K+-ATPase. Phenformin-treated rats reveals a tendency towards a decrease in blood insulin level (radioimmunoassay).
In vivo
Phenformin also increases levels of P-eIF2α and its target BiP/Grp78 in normal lung as well as in lung tumors of mice.
Cell Data
cell lines:
Concentrations:
Incubation Time:
Powder Purity:≥96%
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| 批号(Lot Number) | 证书类型 | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| 分析证书 | P408094 |