Taltirelin (TA-0910) is an orally effective analogue of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and a TRH receptor (TRH-R) superagonist ( IC 50 at 910 nM). Taltirelin can cross the blood-brain barrier. Taltirelin stimulates an increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration ( Ca 2+ release) with an EC 50 value of 36 nM. Taltirelin increases cell viability and reduces apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and primary rat mesencephalic neurons treated with MPP+ or Rotenone. Taltirelin has neuroprotective effects in both cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease. Taltirelin alleviates fatigue-like behavior in mouse models of cancer-related fatigue.