Xaliproden hydrochloride (SR57746A) is a potent, selective and orally active agonist of 5-HT 1A receptor , shows a high affinity for 5-HT 1A specific binding sites in the rat hippocampus ( IC 50 =3 nM). Xaliproden hydrochloride is also a selective antagonist of dopamine D 2 receptor , has moderate affinity ( IC 50 =0.1-1 μM). Xaliproden hydrochloride exhibits anti-depression and anti-anxiety effects, and it may possess therapeutic potential for the research of neurodegenerative diseases.