Nanomaterials
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 14
·2125
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IF 5.3
Tingting Hu,Panpan Feng,Liping Guo,Hongqi Chu,Fusheng Liu
A series of Ti2O3@TiO2core-shell heterojunction composite photocatalysts with different internal electric fields were synthesized using simple heat treatment methods. The synthesized Ti2O3@TiO2core-shell heterojunction composites were characterized by means of SEM, XRD, PL, UV–Vis, BET, SPV, TEM and other related analytical techniques. Tetracycline (TC) was used as the degradation target to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized Ti2O3@TiO2core-shell heterojunction composites. The relevant test results show that the photocatalytic performance of the optimized materials has been significantly enhanced compared to Ti2O3, while the photocatalytic degradation rate has increased from 28% to 70.1%. After verification via several different testing and characterization techniques, the excellent catalytic performance is attributed to the efficient separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carriers derived from the built-in electric field formed between Ti2O3and TiO2. When the recombination of electrons and holes is occupied, more charges are generated to reach the surface of the photocatalyst, thereby improving the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Thus, this work provides a universal strategy to enhance the photocatalytic performance of Ti2O3by coupling it with TiO2to build an internal electric field.Keywords:photocatalysis;Ti2O3@TiO2core-shell heterojunction;built-in electric field
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Shuai Zhang,Yin Zhang,Yanping Huang,Bingqun Lin,Shengjie Ling,Changtong Mei,Mingzhu Pan
With the acceleration of urbanization, energy-efficient, comfortable, and lightweight materials have been growing widely used. An ideal real-time monitoring strategy integrated with prominent fire sensing capability, flame retardancy, and embedded in communication network Internet of Things (IoT) remains a huge concern. Here, we develop a sensitive and durable fire alarm intelligent coating strategy based on a metal-insulator transitional Ti 3 O 5 via a layer-by-layer assembly (LBL). We elucidate the atomic structure, electronic band, and orbital structure of Ti 3 O 5 correlated from the charge-ordered β-phase (electrical insulation state) to valence-delocalized of α-phase (electrical conduction state) during switchable temperature by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Accordingly, a thermally activated electron jump among the localized states facilitates the early fire alarm with a sensitive fire response time (∼3.78 s) and an excellent response repeatability. Moreover, the fire alarm coating also performs the remarkable flame retardancy, smoke suppression and weatherability. This work provides a promising routine to realize the condensed matter as advanced fire sensors, offering insights into fire alarm towards smart phones, cloud service, and a central control system through IoT for fire prevention and protection application.
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NATURE
·
2023
·Vol. 622
·期 7983
·499-506
·
IF 64.8
Yang Bo,Zhang Zhiming,Liu Peitao,Fu Xiankai,Wang Jiantao,Cao Yu,Tang Ruolan,Du Xiran,Chen Wanqi,Li Song,Yan Haile,Li Zongbin,Zhao Xiang,Qin Gaowu,Chen Xing-Qiu,Zuo Liang
Solar steam interfacial evaporation represents a promising strategy for seawater desalination and wastewater purification owing to its environmentally friendly character 1 , 2 , 3 . To improve the solar-to-steam generation, most previous efforts have focused on effectively harvesting solar energy over the full solar spectrum 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . However, the importance of tuning joint densities of states in enhancing solar absorption of photothermal materials is less emphasized. Here we propose a route to greatly elevate joint densities of states by introducing a flat-band electronic structure. Our study reveals that metallic λ-Ti 3 O 5 powders show a high solar absorptivity of 96.4% due to Ti–Ti dimer-induced flat bands around the Fermi level. By incorporating them into three-dimensional porous hydrogel-based evaporators with a conical cavity, an unprecedentedly high evaporation rate of roughly 6.09 kilograms per square metre per hour is achieved for 3.5 weight percent saline water under 1 sun of irradiation without salt precipitation. Fundamentally, the Ti–Ti dimers and U-shaped groove structure exposed on the λ-Ti 3 O 5 surface facilitate the dissociation of adsorbed water molecules and benefit the interfacial water evaporation in the form of small clusters. The present work highlights the crucial roles of Ti–Ti dimer-induced flat bands in enchaining solar absorption and peculiar U-shaped grooves in promoting water dissociation, offering insights into access to cost-effective solar-to-steam generation.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2021
·
IF 7.963
Xule Pei,Tong Zhang,Jingyi Zhong,Zaihao Chen,Chuanjia Jiang,Wei Chen
Oxygen-deficient substoichiometric titanium oxides, or “titanium suboxides,” are produced incidentally from coal combustion and are environmentally abundant. Additionally, titanium suboxide nanomaterials are promising new materials with likely future environmental release. How these materials may affect contaminant fate differently than stoichiometric TiO 2 (nano)materials is largely unknown. Here, we show that Ti 2 O 3 (selected as a model titanium suboxide) exhibits significantly greater efficiency in enhancing the hydrolysis of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA), a common groundwater contaminant, than the stoichiometric anatase and rutile TiO 2 . At environmentally relevant pH (6.5–7.5), the surface area-normalized pseudo-first-order hydrolysis rate constant in the presence of Ti 2 O 3 is approximately an order of magnitude higher than those associated with TiO 2 . The superior catalytic efficiency of Ti 2 O 3 can be attributed to both its higher surface hydrophobicity , which renders higher adsorption affinity for TeCA, and its higher concentration of Lewis acid sites (mainly the Ti 3+ and the five-coordinated Ti 4+ ). Particularly, the deprotonated hydroxyl groups attached to Ti 3+ (a weaker Lewis acid than Ti 4+ ) exhibit higher basicity and thus, are more effective in catalyzing the base-promoted hydrolysis reaction. The findings call for further understanding of the environmental implications of titanium suboxide (nano)materials, which may not be readily predictable based on the knowledge acquired for TiO 2 .
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2021
·
IF 3.764
Haonan Li,Rong Chen,Xun Zhu,Qiang Liao,Dingding Ye,Yang Yang,Wei Li,Dongliang Li,Yijing Yang
Use of the photothermal effect to control droplet evaporation shows great promise in various applications. Droplet evaporation initiated by direct photothermal conversion between light and fluid is limited by the interaction between the wavelength and fluid type. Here, we report laser-induced sessile droplet evaporation on a hydrophobic photothermal conversion substrate formed by embedding Ti2O3 particles into polydimethylsiloxane. Our results indicated that the photothermal conversion substrate could efficiently convert light energy into heat to enable droplet evaporation on it. Unlike droplet evaporation actuated by direct photothermal conversion, in which higher interface temperature was located at the laser projection region, the droplet evaporation on the photothermal conversion substrate showed higher temperature near the triple-phase contact line because of heat transfer from the substrate to the droplet and small heat transfer resistance resulting from small height at the edge. Due to the increased substrate temperature, the droplet evaporation on the photothermal conversion substrate could exhibit a relatively stable and long-term constant contact angle mode even under the localized heating effect. Moreover, by controlling the laser beam position, droplet evaporation could exhibit a directional long-term constant contact angle mode. The obtained results will be helpful for the design and operation of droplet microfluidics based on the photothermal conversion substrate.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2020
·Vol. 8
·期 13
·4518-4533
·
IF 7.059
Guo-Hui Pan,Liangliang Zhang,Huajun Wu,Xuesong Qu,Hao Wu,Zhendong Hao,Ligong Zhang,Xia Zhang,Jiahua Zhang
Monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2) is an attractive material for photonic applications due to its low site symmetry and phonon energy. In this paper, we present detailed studies on the luminescence properties of Ti4+ and Eu3+ in m-ZrO2. In view of the continuing controversy over the origin of “intrinsic” white-blue luminescence in pristine m-ZrO2, more spectroscopic information obtained by characterizing m-ZrO2 intentionally doped with Ti4+, Ti3+ and other metal ions and extensive discussions on the general characteristics of different luminescence processes were provided to evidence the luminescence as the Ti3+ → O− charge transfer transition in the [Ti(IV)O7]10− complex due to the trace amount of Ti4+ impurity in ZrO2 reagent. Competitive absorption was observed between host exciton and oxygen–metal charge transfer processes (O2−–Ti4+, O2−–Eu3+), and even between the two types of charge transfer process because of the sharing of electrons at the top of the valence band, which greatly influenced the absorption and excitation processes. The spectral components comprising the broad excitation band of O2−–Ti4+ white-blue or Eu3+ red emissions in different phosphors were identified, and their evolutions with doping concentration were explained. The energy state locations of oxygen defects produced by intrinsic charge compensation in m-ZrO2:Eu3+ were proposed to be ∼2.41 eV above the top of the valence band by using Eu3+ for the luminescent probe. Efficient energy transfer from the [Ti(IV)O7]10− complex to Eu3+ was first observed in m-ZrO2:Ti4+,Eu3+ phosphors, which were demonstrated to be high performance ratiometric self-referencing optical thermometric materials based on the dual-emitting combination strategy, with the relative sensitivity amounting to ∼3.84% K−1. Optical thermometry not only covering the physiological temperature range but also with high relative sensitivity could be achieved upon appropriate doping.
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Nanoscale
·
2020
·Vol. 12
·期 12
·6717-6728
·
IF 6.895
Dong-Dong Qin,Ying-Jie Zhu,Ri-Long Yang,Zhi-Chao Xiong
Solar energy-driven interfacial water evaporation is a promising energy utilization technology in the field of seawater desalination and water purification. However, the accumulation of salt on the heating surface severely impairs the water evaporation performance and long-time stability. Herein, we demonstrate a new kind of photothermal paper comprising a high-temperature-resistant paper made from ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and glass fibers and black nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles for solar energy-driven desalination. Owing to the high photothermal conversion ability, fast water transportation in the air-laid paper, and good heat insulation, the hydrophilic HN/NiO photothermal paper can achieve efficient, stable and recyclable water evaporation performance. In addition, a Janus HN/NiO photothermal paper based on hydrophobic sodium oleate-modified ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires has been developed, and it has a high water evaporation efficiency of 83.5% under 1 kW m−2 irradiation. In particular, with the bottom hydrophobic ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire layer and water-transporting channels in the air-laid paper to facilitate salt exchange, the as-prepared Janus evaporator exhibits no salt accumulation on the surface, high performance and long-time stable desalination using simulated seawater (3.5 wt% NaCl). Furthermore, the Janus evaporator with the hydrophobic ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire substrate can be extended to support other photothermal materials such as black titanium oxide (Ti2O3) and Ketjen black carbon. The as-prepared Janus HN/Ti2O3 and Janus HN/KB photothermal paper also exhibit salt-resistant desalination function. The as-prepared Janus salt-resistant photothermal paper with efficient, stable and recyclable merits has great potential in solar energy-driven desalination and water purification.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2021
·
IF 9.229
Haijun Chen,Jie Liang,Li Li,Baozhan Zheng,Zhesheng Feng,Zhaoquan Xu,Yonglan Luo,Qian Liu,Xifeng Shi,Yang Liu,Shuyan Gao,Abdullah M. Asiri,Yan Wang,Qingquan Kong,Xuping Sun
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) enabled by introducing Ti3+ defect sites into TiO2 through a doping strategy has recently attracted widespread attention. However, the amount of Ti3+ ions is limited due to the low concentration of dopants. Herein, we propose Ti2O3 nanoparticles as a pure Ti3+ system that performs efficiently toward NH3 electrosynthesis under ambient conditions. This work has suggested that Ti3+ ions, as the main catalytically active sites, significantly increase the NRR activity. In an acidic electrolyte, Ti2O3 achieves extraordinary performance with a high NH3 yield and a Faradaic efficiency of 26.01 μg h–1 mg–1 cat. and 9.16%, respectively, which are superior to most titanium-based NRR catalysts recently reported. Significantly, it also demonstrates a stable NH3 yield in five consecutive cycles. Theoretical calculations uncovered that the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Ti2O3 originated from Ti3+ active sites and significantly lowered the overpotential of the potential-determining step.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2019
·
IF 8.456
Ri-Long Yang,Ying-Jie Zhu,Dong-Dong Qin,Zhi-Chao Xiong
The direct transformation of external energy into mechanical work by the self-propelled motor inspires and promotes the development of miniaturized machines. Several strategies have been utilized to realize the self-driven motion, but in some cases multiple power sources are needed, and this would complicate the operation in diverse environments. In this regard, the dual-mode self-propelled system based on a single power source is highly desirable. In this work, single-light-actuated dual-mode propulsion at the liquid/air interface is realized by using flexible, superhydrophobic, and thermostable photothermal paper made from flexible ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires, titanium sesquioxide (Ti2O3) particles, and poly(dimethylsiloxane) coating. The superhydrophobic surface enables the thermostable photothermal paper to float on the water surface spontaneously and significantly reduces the drag force. In the usual situation, the heat power produced by the photothermal effect is utilized to trigger the Marangoni propulsion. While the Marangoni effect is quenched in water containing the surfactant, the propulsion mode can be directly switched into the vapor-enabled propulsion mode by simply increasing the light power density. Particularly, the light-driven motion in a linear, curvilinear, or rotational manner can be realized by designing the self-propelled machines with appropriate shapes by using the processable photothermal paper. It is expected that the as-prepared dual-mode self-propelled, flexible, superhydrophobic, and thermostable photothermal paper-based devices have promising applications in various fields such as microrobots, biomedicine, and environmental monitoring.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2019
·
IF 8.456
Weiwei Wang,Yibing Cai,Mingyue Du,Xuebin Hou,Jingyan Liu,Huizhen Ke,Qufu Wei
It is important to explore and develop multifunctional phase change composites with high latent-heat capacity and photothermal conversion capability. A novel ultralight and flexible carbon foam (CF)-based phase change composite was fabricated by encapsulating n-eicosane into a CF skeleton that had been precoated with titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3) nanoparticles (NPs). Morphological structures, as well as the properties of leakage-proof, thermal energy storage, temperature regulation, and photothermal conversion, of the fabricated phase change composites were investigated. The results indicated that the flexible CF skeleton derived from melamine foam (MF) through stabilization in air followed by carbonization in nitrogen was highly porous, which ensured excellent mechanical support and large mass ratio of n-eicosane for the composites. The loading percentage of n-eicosane as high as 84% which acted as thermal storage unit guaranteed high latent-heat capacity and good temperature regulation property of the composite; the melting/crystallization temperatures and enthalpies of the corresponding composite was 36.4/33.7 °C and 200.1/200.6 kJ·kg–1, respectively. The CF skeleton modified with Ti2O3 NPs endowed the fabricated phase change composites with enhanced leakage-proof property, photothermal conversion capability, superior thermal reliability, and temperature regulation ability. Therefore, the resultant phase change composites are believed to have promising and potential applications in solar thermal-energy storage, waste-heat recovery, and infrared stealth of military targets, and so forth.
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Nano Energy
·
2024
·
IF 16.8
Sijia Sun,Chaozheng Liu,Shuai Zhang,Qinglin Wu,Dan Tian,Changtong Mei,Mingzhu Pan
Regulating structural phase transitions of metal insulator transition (MIT) correlated materials is an ideal approach to modulate their properties. However, due to phase transition hysteresis, ultrasensitive electron transition is difficult to achieve. Here, we develop a convenient method via Fe ions surface doping-induced oxygen vacancies (OVs) at the Ti 3 O 5 surface to enable ultrasensitive electronic transitions. The Fe doping promotes the formation of free electrons , which is attributed to the reduced bandwidth, making it relatively easy for valence band electrons to leap to the conduction band . The formation of OVs increase the electron concentration and enhance the electronic conductivity (2.49×10 −4 S/cm) at low temperatures, resulting in an ultrasensitive sensing over a wide temperature range before metal insulator transition. This unique property facilitates its application in fire warning with ultrasensitive sensing (response time 0.63 s, and response temperature 150 °C) and good durability. Moreover, the as-obtained MIT correlated material with rich-OVs structure exhibits excellent oxygen sensing and photothermal conversion properties. These results offer a novel design for MIT correlated materials and provide an innovative insight for modulating their multifunctional properties.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 26.8
Mingtai Hou,Hao Chen,Song Li,Xinru Zhang,Jie Chen,Zeyi Jiang,Cunhai Wang,Nien-Chu Lai,Yulong Ding
Solar-thermal-electric conversion shows great promise, especially in off-grid aerospace and navigation. However, low output density and intermittency of solar energy limit its application. Herein, a microencapsulated phase change material (MPCMs) is designed with a n-Tetracosane core and TiO 2 /Ti 2 O 3 composite shell to address the above issue. The MPCM exhibits a latent heat of 144.5 J g −1 , a photothermal conversion efficiency of 93.7% and 100% energy storage capacity. The thermoelectric system resulting from coupling the multifunctional film composed of polydimethylsiloxane and MPCMs with the thermoelectric module is capable of successfully achieving adaptive 24 h uninterrupted power generation on account of its functions of photothermal conversion, energy storage, and radiative cooling. The output power density of the TES ranged from 6.1 to 21.1 W m −2 at light intensities of 1000–5000 W m −2 . The material design innovatively endows a single material with the functions of photothermal conversion, phase change energy storage, and radiative cooling, making it can adaptively harvest energy from both the sun and cold space. This multifunctional material offers new insights into the repeatable storage and high-quality utilization of solar energy, holding significant scientific implications for the development of all-day solar-thermal-electric power generation technology.
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