Polymers
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2021
·Vol. 13
·期 12
·1998
·
IF 4.329
Ebuka A. Ogbuoji,Amr M. Zaky,Isabel C. Escobar
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020, has accelerated the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) masks as one of the methods to reduce and/or eliminate transmission of the coronavirus across communities. Despite the availability of different coronavirus vaccines, it is still recommended by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and local authorities to apply public safety measures including maintaining social distancing and wearing face masks. This includes individuals who have been fully vaccinated. Remarkable increase in scientific studies, along with manufacturing-related research and development investigations, have been performed in an attempt to provide better PPE solutions during the pandemic. Recent literature has estimated the filtration efficiency (FE) of face masks and respirators shedding the light on specific targeted parameters that investigators can measure, detect, evaluate, and provide reliable data with consistent results. This review showed the variability in testing protocols and FE evaluation methods of different face mask materials and/or brands. In addition to the safety requirements needed to perform aerosol viral filtration tests, one of the main challenges researchers currently face is the inability to simulate or mimic true aerosol filtration scenarios via laboratory experiments, field tests, and in vitro/in vivo investigations. Moreover, the FE through the mask can be influenced by different filtration mechanisms, environmental parameters, filtration material properties, number of layers used, packing density, fiber charge density, fiber diameter, aerosol type and particle size, aerosol face velocity and concentration loadings, and infectious concentrations generated due to different human activities. These parameters are not fully understood and constrain the design, production, efficacy, and efficiency of face masks.Keywords:coronavirus;SARS-CoV-2;personal protection equipment;aerosol;filtration
研究领域:
公共卫生
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医学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Xiaohua Li,Shuaibing Guo,Shengjie Zhang,Chunxiao Li,Bing Yu,Hailin Cong,Youqing Shen
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial and viral transmission have brought a significant burden on public health security. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital in impeding their spread and protecting our safety. However, the existing PPE can only play a certain filtering role and cannot clean itself. Long-term wearing will lead to the accumulation of bacteria and viruses, there is a certain risk, and frequent replacement has caused a lot of white pollution. Here, we prepared a biocompatible polyacrylonitrile/thermoplastic polyurethane-polytetrahydropyrimidine (PAN/TPU-PTHP, PT-P) nanofiber membrane with a three-dimensional network structure by electrospinning, which has good air permeability and filtration performance. In addition, the excellent encapsulation effect of nanofibers ensures the sustained release of antibacterial and antiviral PTHP, and the good mechanical properties ensure its long-term use without damage. When the nanofiber membrane is used as the intermediate filter layer of mask, good air permeability, filtration efficiency, mechanical properties, and sustained drug release give it a service life of more than 5 days (an ordinary mask is only 4–7 h), which dramatically reduces environmental pollution. This is of great significance in the research and application of the next generation of durable and self-cleaning personal protective equipment.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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公共卫生
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 7.7
Nan Jiang,Qian Wang,Huiqiong Zhang,Ziwei Liu,Hao Yang,Rong Chen,Zhong Lu
Aerosol-based transmission contributes to infection by various pathogens. Consequently, it is urgent to design antimicrobial personal protective equipment (PPE) and address the potential biological contamination of discarded PPE. We report a novel ZIF-67-modified PP fabric for photothermal disinfection; our work provides a fast, one-step, and low-cost preparation approach for incorporating zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) nanoparticles (NPs) onto polypropylene (PP) fabric. First, we prepared ZIF-67-water NPs and ZIF-67-methanol NPs using relevant solvents and characterized them by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. We then used only ultrasonication to prepare ZIF-67-modified fabrics by incorporating ZIF-67 NPs onto PP fabric with a 0.5－1.5 mg/cm 2 loading rate (18.5－40.5 wt%). The ZIF-67-modified fabrics were subjected to the same characterization, and then they were evaluated for photothermal performance, hydrophobicity and antimicrobial ability. The fabric of ZIF-67-water@PP-1.5 was selected to repurpose an antimicrobial mask. We demonstrated that the ZIF-67-modified fabrics have excellent photothermal performance with near-infrared (NIR) radiation and exhibit increased hydrophobicity, which is determined by the loading rate of ZIF-67 NPs. The surface temperature reached and maintained peak levels (70 °C and 90 °C) with NIR radiation, whilst the highest contact angle was over 140°. The photothermal behaviour could kill over 99.9% of gram-negative and gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria, whilst the haemolytic behaviour was less than 5%. The repurposed mask retained controllable photothermal properties. The application of these fabrics not only addresses the demand for affordable antimicrobial PPE but also contributes to reducing potential biochemical threats in discarded PPE.
研究领域:
材料科学
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医学
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生物工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering
·
2023
·Vol. 17
·期 10
·1544-1554
·
IF 4.5
Shao Xinyi,Wang Jian,Liu Zetan,Hu Na,Zhang Ruimin,Quan Cailin,Yao Xinjie,Dong Cuihua
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in the widespread use of personal protective equipment, particularly face masks. However, the use of commercial disposable face masks puts great pressure on the environment. In this study, nano-copper ions assembled cotton fabric used in face masks to impart antibacterial activity has been discussed. To produce the nanocomposite, the cotton fabric was modified by sodium chloroacetate after its mercerization, and assembled with bactericidal nano-copper ions (about 10.61 mg·g −1 ) through electrostatic adsorption. It demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli because the gaps between fibers in the cotton fabric allow the nano-copper ions to be fully released. Moreover, the antibacterial efficiency was maintained even after 50 washing cycles. Furthermore, the face mask constructed with this novel nanocomposite upper layer exhibited a high particle filtration efficiency (96.08% ± 0.91%) without compromising the air permeability (28.9 min·L −1 ). This green, economical, facile, and scalable process of depositing nano-copper ions onto modified cotton fibric has great potential to reduce disease transmission, resource consumption, and environmental impact of waste, while also expanding the range of protective fabrics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Advanced Research
·
2021
·
IF 10.479
Chao Deng,Farzad Seidi,Qiang Yong,Xiangyu Jin,Chengcheng Li,Ling Zheng,Zhenghong Yuan,Huining Xiao
Introduction Face masks are regarded as effective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the dominant polypropylene (PP)-based masks are devoid of antiviral/antibacterial activities and create enormous environmental burdens after disposal. Objectives Here we report a facile and potentially scalable method to fabricate biodegradable, breathable, and biocidal cellulose nonwovens (BCNWs) to address both environmental and hygienic problems of commercially available face masks. Methods TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nonwovens are rendered antiviral/antibacterial via covalent bonding with disinfecting polyhexamethylene guanidine or neomycin sulfate through carbodiimide coupling chemistry. Results The obtained results showed that the BCNWs have virucidal rate of >99.14%, bactericidal efficiency of >99.51%, no leaching-out effect, and excellent air permeability of >1111.5 mm s −1 . More importantly, the as-prepared BCNWs can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 instantly. Conclusions This strategy provides a new platform for the green fabrication of multifunctional cellulose nonwovens as scalable bio-protective layers with superior performance for various PPE in fighting COVID-19 or future pandemics. Additionally, replacing the non-biodegradable non-antimicrobial PP-based masks with the cellulose-based masks can reduce the plastic wastes and lower the greenhouse gas production from the incineration of disposed masks.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物学
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医学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2025
·
IF 10
Yating Ji,Weifeng Yang,Xiaoyan Li,Zhuizhui Fan,Bi Xu,Zaisheng Cai
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a favored component in composites owing to their high porosity and synthetic tunability. However, loading MOF powders into a polymer matrix to form composites often relies on organic solvents and rigorous manufacturing processes. Here, we propose a biomimetic mineralized molecular engineering strategy, enabling robust, large-scale fabrication of MOF-fabric composites without organic solvents. This strategy allows MOF nodes to be embedded between highly elastic state polymer molecular chains, achieving strong physical anchoring. The preparation process realizes a significant reduction in carbon emissions (30%–50%) and high production efficiency (10 kg/h) while maintaining excellent fixation fastness, including resistance to washing (over 25 times), rubbing (over 100 times), and light (over 12 h). Furthermore, the applications of MOF-fabric composites in personal protective equipment are demonstrated, including organic gas adsorption, UV protection, and antibacterial. Our work provides a sustainable pathway towards the practical application of MOF-fabric composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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生物医学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Xiaotong Zhang,Shan Wang,Xuanyin Chen,Zhongxue Cui,Xue’er Li,Yingying Zhou,Honghong Wang,Runjun Sun,Qiushi Wang
Currently, multifunction has become an essential direction of personal protective equipment (PPE), but achieving the protective effect, flexibility, physiological comfort, and intelligent application of PPE simultaneously is still a challenge. Herein, inspired by the meso-structure of rhinoceros skin, a novel strategy is proposed by compounding an ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) solution soaked gelatin hydrogel with the high weight fraction and vertically interwoven Kevlar fibers to manufacture a flexible and wearable composite with enhanced puncture resistance and strain-sensing properties. After (NH4)2SO4 solution immersion, the hydrogel’s tensile strength, toughness, and fracture strain were up to 3.77 MPa, 4.26 MJ/m3, and 305.19%, respectively, indicating superior mechanical properties. The Kevlar/hydrogel composites revealed excellent puncture resistance (quasi-static of 132.06 N and dynamic of 295.05 N), flexibility (138.13 mN/cm), and air and moisture permeability (17.83 mm/s and 2092.73 g m–2 day–1), demonstrating a favorable balance between the protective effect and wearing comfort even after 7 days of environmental exposure. Meanwhile, salt solution immersion endowed the composite with excellent strain-sensing properties at various bending angles (30–90°) and frequencies (0.25–1 Hz) and allowed it to monitor different human motions directly in real-time. The rhinoceros-skin-inspired Kevlar/hydrogel composites provide a simple and economical solution for antipuncture materials that combine high protective effects, a comfortable wearing experience, and good strain-sensing properties, promising multifunctional PPE in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物仿生学
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生物医学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
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2022
·
IF 7.392
Ying Zhang,Ting-Ting Li,Bing-Chiuan Shiu,Jia-Horng Lin,Ching-Wen Lou
The protective clothing may face acid, high temperature, and bacterial attack in the process of use, affecting its protection efficiency, and multifunctional protective clothing that can meet a variety of needs appear more potential applications. However, multifunctional personal protection clothing has remained an unmet challenge. Here we report a new type of multifunctional clothing via a simple, environmentally friendly wet spinning method to load the urushiol with acid corrosion and antibacterial functions on sodium alginate fiber. This structure uniformly disperses a certain content of urushiol in sodium alginate solution, allowing alginate fibers to have flame retardant properties while having high acid resistance and excellent targeted antibacterial properties. Compared to alginate fibers, the fabricated fibers were treated with different concentrations of sulfuric acid, although the strength was reduced to a certain extent, the fibers retained their original shape and were not dissolved. The thermal analysis showed the fiber also has good flame retardant better than viscose fiber. In addition, the fabricated fiber has targeted antibacterial properties, with an efficiency of 99.99% against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) , and good biocompatibility under low concentration conditions. Our work may provide new insights for the development of “green” multifunctional protective clothing. It also provides a research possibility for absorbable surgical sutures.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纺织工程
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生物医学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2021
·
IF 10.588
Shuaibing Guo,Bing Yu,Adeel Ahmed,Hailin Cong,Youqing Shen
Emerging infectious diseases caused by the spread of bacteria and viruses are a major burden on global economic development and public health. At present, most personal protective equipment has weak antibacterial and anti-viral properties. The PAN/PTHP nanofibers reported in this article provide a new method for the development of personal protective equipment. In this study, a mixture of PTHP and PAN was prepared into PAN/PTHP nanofibers with high-efficiency and long-lasting antibacterial effects (>99.999%) through the electrospinning process. Live/dead staining and cell proliferation experiments showed that the preparation of PAN/PTHP nanofibers has good cell compatibility. In addition, PAN/PTHP nanofibers show obvious destructive effects on lentiviruses. Based on these characteristics, PAN/PTHP nanofibers were applied to facial masks, which can be used as the inflatable biocidal layer of facial masks and have an excellent interception effect on particles in the air. The successful synthesis of these fascinating materials may provide new insights for the development of new protective materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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纳米技术
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公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
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2025
·
IF 14.2
Zonghe Huang,Yaokun Sun,Yuan Chen,Lizhen Lu,Haoyu Zhang,Xuemei Wu,Mengnan Qin,Jian Ku Shang,Qi Li
To overcome the easy detachment issue faced by surface-loaded photocatalytic nanoparticles or structures on textiles for personal protective equipment (PPE) applications, a Cu 2 O@polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite photocatalytic nanofiber film was created by a simple and robust electrospinning process. The photocatalytic PAN shell encapsulated photocatalytic Cu 2 O nanoparticles, which solved the detachment issue and ensured its long-time stability and durability because Cu 2 O nanoparticles were well protected by PAN to prevent their loss and the potential leakage of copper ions from their direct contact with the environment. The Cu 2 O/PAN heterojunction facilitated the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in both of them due to their matched electronic band structures, which induced a higher light response behavior, reduced the interface resistance, improved the charge transport efficiency, and subsequently enhanced its photocatalytic performance. Thus, it demonstrated a largely enhanced photocatalytic organic degradation on phenol and bacteria disinfection performance on Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) than the pure PAN photocatalytic nanofiber film. The Cu 2 O@PAN composite photocatalytic nanofiber film could be utilized as the core material of PPE for the prevention of respiratory infectious disease transmission and infection, which could effectively operate under visible light illumination and have good durability/reusability even after washing repeatedly.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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医学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
·
IF 13.2
Xinyi Wang,Shuai Liu,Yunqi Xu,Ziyang Fan,Zimu Li,Chunyu Zhao,Wei Yang,Jianpeng Wu,Shuyu Lai,Xinglong Gong,Shouhu Xuan
Despite the rapid development of wearable electronics in sports rehabilitation and healthcare, traditional wearable electronics still have limitations such as poor personal protection, limited multifunctional sensing capabilities, and weak balancing between comfort and intelligence. This study introduces a breathable, comfortable, and protective Leather/MXene-AgNWs/Aerogel (LMAA) wearable electronic that combines stress-humidity dual-modal sensing, impact attenuation, and temperature management. The Janus porous integration is realized by heterogeneity modulating the natural three-dimensional woven leather structure and the isotropic porous aerogel (with air permeability of 3 mm/s and water vapor transmission of 877.6 g·m −2 ·d −1 ). Through optimizing the sandwiched MXene-AgNWs conductive layer and hierarchical structure, the LMAA can provide stress deformation detection via resistance variation (>10,000 cycles) and environmental humidity monitoring through capacitance changes (1.4 % RH −1 sensitivity, R 2 > 0.997), together with multifunctional personal protection, such as anti-impact (attenuate>30 % of impact force), joule heating (reaching 57.1 °C at 2.5 V), electromagnetic interference shielding (SE T = 38.3 dB), and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, a prototype smart knee pad showcases real-time monitoring of joint movement and skin moisture, along with therapeutic heating capabilities. By integrating machine learning, the smart knee pad successfully collects and recognizes various running data. LMAA offers a comfortable and durable solution for sports rehabilitation and health monitoring applications.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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柔性电子
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智能穿戴
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康复工程
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传感器技术
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材料科学
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健康监测
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 22
·期 19
·6357-6371
·
IF 9.48
Kai Chen,Xueqing Qiu,Dongjie Yang,Yong Qian
Airborne pollutants including particulate matter (PM) and microorganisms threaten public health. Fibrous filters in personal protection equipment have shown good PM removal ability but a poor biocidal effect. Herein, a series of highly biocompatible amino acid-grafted enzymatic hydrolysis lignin derivatives (EHL-AA-x) with both cationic/anionic groups were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution. The structures of EHL-AA-x were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, GPC, DLS, potentiometric titration, surface charge and elemental analysis. In vitro biological assays showed that the inhibition efficiency of EHL-AA-x against Gram-negative bacteria increased from 10 to 57% when the grafting amount of amino acids varied from 0 to 0.62 mmol g−1 at a concentration of 10 mg mL−1, while that against Gram-positive bacteria reached 99%. It is not only 4 times higher than that of birch wood hydrotropic lignin, but also comparable to that of lignin/nanosilver composites. The morphological changes observed by SEM indicated that EHL-AA-x damaged the cell membrane of bacteria, suggesting a membrane disruption mechanism. QCM-D and AFM analysis showed that the increase of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between EHL-AA-x and bacteria is the key factor for the improvement of the antimicrobial activity. Subsequently, a mask fabricated from the optimal EHL-AA-x-coated non-woven fabrics could inhibit >95% bacteria in 30 min, while a number of living bacteria were detected on the inner layer of the control commercial mask. In addition, the mask with EHL-AA-x could prevent the adhesion of bacteria by the formation of anionic and cationic hydration layers. Using this strategy, ideal lignin-based antimicrobial materials with good bacteriostatic activity and anti-bio-adhesion properties could be designed and used in personal protection equipment.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物学
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医学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）