Journal of Cleaner Production
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2026
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IF 10.7
Hao Dong,Nan Zhao,Qianting Xu,Ye Xiao,Weihua Zhang,Rongliang Qiu
Carbazole (CBZ) is a ubiquitous and toxic N-heterocyclic contaminant in water and soil, posing substantial environmental risks. Current remediation strategies for CBZ struggle with low efficiency, high energy consumption, or strict operational conditions, making persulfate-based advanced oxidation a promising alternative. Herein, we synthesized a series of urea-tailored biochars (UBCs) via low-temperature co-pyrolysis. Among them, UBC5 featuring an extremely high N content (21.4%) showed optimal peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation for CBZ degradation. The UBC5/PDS system achieved ∼90% CBZ removal within 1 h across pH 3-9, and exhibited strong resistance to inorganic anions (Cl − , SO 4 2− , H 2 PO 4 − ) and humic acid. Furthermore, the system effectively degraded CBZ in soil (71-82% within 1 h), with residual concentrations falling below safety thresholds for industrial land after 12 h. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrochemical analyses revealed a non-radical degradation pathway: UBC5-PDS∗ mediated electron transfer, with a minor contribution from 1 O 2 . Characterizations and density functional theory calculations elucidated a unique “in-plane to out-of-plane electron transfer” mechanism. The degradation intermediates exhibited reduced toxicity, with negligible adverse effects on soybean growth. Notably, UBC5 has lower production cost ($9.52 kg −1 ) and carbon emissions (18.38 kg CO 2 e kg −1 ) than typical activators. This study provides new insight for the design of carbon-based persulfate activators and an efficient, sustainable approach for the remediation of CBZ-contaminated water and soil.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
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2026
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IF 8.2
Jie Li,Xinghua Zhou
Carbendazim (CBZ), a broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide, is widely detected in agricultural environments, raising concerns about its potential toxicity to organisms. However, the specific molecular mechanisms, particularly the genetic regulators and downstream metabolic effectors, that drive this disruption are still poorly defined. Combining targeted genetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) with non-targeted lipidomics, we demonstrate that CBZ induces substantial lipid accumulation and 1 μg/L CBZ performed at the most by evaluating the Oil Red O staining, triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). Targeted genetic analysis and transcriptional analysis uncovered that this metabolic disruption requires the insulin-like receptor daf-2 and aak-2 , and further CBZ specifically and consistently upregulates the Δ9-desaturases, most prominently fat-6 and fat-7 , identifying them as the key effector enzymes. Moreover, untargeted lipidomic revealed that this was characterized by triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and a significant enrichment in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Integrated correlation analysis further mapped these key lipid species to two antagonistic transcriptional programs, including a catabolic state linked to atgl-1 and an anabolic state linked to the fat-6 and fat-7 . This study elucidates a novel pathway for fungicide-induced metabolic dysfunction, demonstrating how CBZ hijacks the host metabolic network to drive fat storage through specific desaturase-dependent reprogramming, with potential implications for environmental and human health risk assessment.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Runxiao Yu,Jing Lei,Yao-Yin Lou,Sheng-Peng Sun
TiC/TiO 2 ECM has good conductivity, water permeability and compressive strength. • TiC/TiO 2 ECM enables efficient electrocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ). • Direct electron transfer plays a dominant role in degrading CBZ on TiC/TiO 2 ECM. • TiC/TiO 2 ECM has a promising application in actual water matrices. Electrocatalytic ceramic membranes (ECMs) hold great potential for advanced treatment of emerging organic micropollutants in water, however, their application is greatly limited by the tedious and complicated fabrication procedures. This study reported a novel titanium carbide (TiC)/TiO 2 ECM fabricated via a facile compression molding and sintering approach. Characterization results revealed that the TiC/TiO 2 ECM had a dominant pore size distribution of 200–300 nm, water permeability of >200 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 , with good conductivity and compressive strength. Notably, the TiC/TiO 2 ECM enabled highly efficient electrocatalytic filtration removal of representative pharmaceutical micropollutant (e.g., carbamazepine (CBZ)) under a low applied voltage of 5 V with small electrolyte concentration of 8–10 mM Na 2 SO 4 /NaCl. Radical quenching and probe testing results indicated that direct electron transfer (DET) played a predominant role in degrading CBZ, and the electrogeneration of chlorine radical (Cl • ) in NaCl electrolyte contributed to additional CBZ degradation. The TiC/TiO 2 ECM resulted in efficient electrocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals with electron-rich moieties (for instance, CBZ, crotamiton, trimethoprim with almost 100% removal), but with limited degradation efficiencies toward ibuprofen (75%) and diethyltoluamide (30%) because of their less electron-donating capacity. The dominant DET pathway endowed the TiC/TiO 2 ECM a good performance for CBZ degradation in actual water matrices, making it an ideal candidate for application. Download: Download high-res image (126KB) Download: Download full-size image
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XENOBIOTICA
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2026
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IF 1.5
Jia-ou Chen,Ling-li Zhou,Jian-heng Lin,Hao-tian Zhou,Lai-fang Sun,Cheng-ke Huang
1. This study aims to investigate the effects of orally administered paeoniflorin (PF), a major bioactive compound from Paeonia lactiflora, on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme activity in rats to assess potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Following PF treatment, rats received a mixed probe drug solution containing phenacetin (PHE), tolbutamide (TOL), omeprazole, and metoprolol, and plasma concentrations of the substrates and metabolites were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The metabolic ratio, calculated as the ratio of metabolite to parent drug area under the curve (AUC), was used to evaluate CYP activity.2. Results showed that AUCAcetaminophen/AUCPHE values were significantly elevated in PF-treated groups, indicating induction of CYP1A2, whereas AUCOHTOL/AUCTOL values were significantly reduced, suggesting inhibition of CYP2C11. No significant effects were observed on CYP2C or CYP2D2 activities.3. These findings indicate that PF can modulate CYP1A2 and CYP2C11 activities under the experimental conditions tested, as assessed using PHE and TOL as functional markers. However, the magnitude of these effects was modest and observed only at relatively high PF doses (50 and 100 mg/kg). Given the inherent species differences between rat and human CYP enzymes, direct extrapolation of these findings to human CYP1A2 and CYP2C11 requires further validation in human-relevant models.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.4
Fang Li,Mengyuan Zhao,Xinya Xu,Hongyuan Zhao,Sridhar Komarneni
Herein, a facile ultrasonic-assisted strategy was developed to fabricate the hybrid conductive networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SCT)/single-walled carbon nanohorns (SCH) integrated with stellate mesoporous silica nanospheres (SSP), which were utilized to construct an ultrasensitive carbendazim (CBZ) electrochemical sensing platform. SCT with unique one-dimensional quantum wire effect substantially expedited electron transfer kinetics. SCH exhibited an aggregated nanohorn morphology, endowing high purity, large surface area, open structure for small molecule diffusion, and abundant defects for high reactivity. Combined with SCT, SCH established interconnected three-dimensional conductive networks. SSP possessed good monodispersity and complex interconnected pores with substantial volume, facilitating selective the adsorption of CBZ. The SCT/SCH/SSP/GCE enabled the precise electrochemical detection of CBZ with LOD of 9.61 nM across a concentration range of 0.01–25 μM. The fabricated sensing platform demonstrated acceptable CBZ quantitative performance in food sample analysis, achieving the acceptable recoveries of 97.13–102.72% (RSD: 0.99–4.78%).
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2026
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IF 19.7
Ziqi Cai,Yangyang Zhang,Yi Liu,Hongyi Zhang,Zhenghua Zhang
An electrocatalytic Cu-GHM system with tunable nanoconfined spaces is constructed. • The electrified system enables 73%–100% degradation of 13 emerging contaminants. • 100 h of continuous operation is demonstrated without loss of structural integrity. • The electrified system also exhibits high energy efficiency (0.07 kWh/m 3 ). • DFT calculations and MD simulations elucidate the degradation mechanism. Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes are promising for removing refractory contaminants from aquatic systems, however, their performance is often constrained by limited reactive oxygen species utilization and restricted mass transfer. Although spatial confinement engineering of electrocatalytic membranes has improved persulfate activation, the underlying structure–property–performance relationships remain insufficiently understood. Here, we report an electrochemical peroxomonosulfate activation system employing a three-dimensional graphene hydrogel-supported copper nanoparticle membrane (Cu-GHM) as the cathode. The system demonstrated broad applicability, achieving 73%–100% degradation across 13 representative emerging contaminants in real water matrices. Its long-term stability was further confirmed through a 100-h continuous operation test specifically using ranitidine as the model pollutant. By regulating pore architecture through controlled compression, the nanoconfined space was tuned from 13.5 to 5.0 nm, revealing a strong dependence of catalytic performance on confinement scale. The smallest pore size (5.0 nm) resulted in an 8.1-fold enhancement in degradation kinetics, attributed to increased local reactant concentration, improved mass transport, and facilitated interfacial electron transfer. Comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the confinement-enhanced catalytic pathways and mass-transfer behavior. This study provides mechanistic insights into synergistic nanoconfinement and electric-field effects, offering a rational framework for designing energy-efficient electrified membrane systems for water treatment. Download: Download high-res image (250KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
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2026
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IF 3.6
Zheng-Hao Li,Zheng Cheng,Xue-Yuan Guo,Guangdong Chen,Ning-Ning Zhang,Chuipeng Kong,Irshad Hussain,Kun Liu,Yang Yang
Control over crystal polymorphism remains a critical challenge in materials design, with broad implications for pharmaceutical efficacy, device performance, and materials stability. Here, we present a facet-directed strategy for polymorph control of organic molecular crystals using morphology-defined CeO2 nanoparticles as heterogeneous nucleating agents. Cubic and octahedral CeO2, predominantly exposing the (100) and (111) facets, respectively, were employed to regulate the crystallization of three model polymorphic compounds: 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (ROY), tolfenamic acid (TFA), and carbamazepine (CBZ). Under identical conditions, CeO2(100) consistently induced the formation of thermodynamically stable polymorphs─ON for ROY, Form I for TFA, and Form III for CBZ─whereas CeO2(111) preferentially promoted metastable forms─YN, Form II, and Form II, respectively. In situ optical microscopy revealed distinct nucleation kinetics and growth morphologies between the two facets. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of ROY adsorption further revealed stronger binding on the (100) surface, rationalizing the observed polymorph selectivity. These findings establish a generalizable framework for facet-directed heterogeneous nucleation, offering a mechanistic basis for polymorph control via surface atomic structure and enabling rational design of nucleating agents in crystal engineering.
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TALANTA
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2025
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IF 6.1
Limin Hou,Xuelian Hu,Wanyue Pang,Ruoyu Cao,Wenxiu Wang,Xiuying Liu,Yiwei Tang
The development of precise and efficient analysis technologies for acetamiprid (ACE) and carbendazim (CBZ) is of paramount importance for safeguarding the environment, ensuring food safety and protecting human health. In this study, we present a novel dual-channel fluorescent sensing system for the detection ACE and CBZ. This system integrates photoswitchable polymer dots (Pdots) and carbon dots (CDs) with aptamers and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Specifically, when irradiated with 465 nm excitation light, only the Pdots probe emits a fluorescent signal. Conversely, when irradiated with 354 nm excitation light, the Pdots probe's fluorescence is quenched, and only the CDs probe emits a signal. This innovative design eliminates interference between the fluorescent probes, thereby enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of the detection method. Based on competitive binding between the target analytes and the complementary strands (cDNA) immobilized on magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with the fluorescent probes, the sensing system exhibited linear detection ranges of 1–100 ng/mL, with LODs of 0.33 ng/mL for ACE and 0.40 ng/mL for CBZ. We successfully applied this method to the analysis of ACE and CBZ in tap water, apple, and cucumber samples, achieving recoveries of 96.09 %–108.17 % and 94.59 %–109.09 %, respectively. This approach offers a highly promising tool for environmental monitoring and food safety analysis, significantly enhancing the capacity to monitor and manage potential health risks associated with these compounds.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.4
Nguyen Ngoc Huyen,Ngo Xuan Dinh,Vu Thi Huong Mai,Phung Thi Lan Huong,Nguyen Duc Toan,Nguyen Anh Son,De Pham-Cong,Van Tan Tran,Hoang Van Tuan,Nguyen Quang Hoa,Pham Duc Thang,Anh-Tuan Le
This study reports the carbendazim (CBZ) detecting capability of spinel cobaltite MnCo 2 O 4 (MCO) synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach. The MCO-modified screen-printed electrode (MCO/SPE) exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward CBZ oxidation. As a result, the proposed sensor enables sensitive CBZ detection over two distinct linear ranges (0.05–5 μM and 25–500 μM), with a low detection limit of 0.02 μM and a high sensitivity of 6.46 μA μM −1 cm −2 . The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the synergistic redox activity of Co 2+ /Co 3+ and Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ couples, which enhance both electrical conductivity and catalytic activity, together with the nanorod morphology that promotes efficient diffusion of CBZ molecules and electrolyte species. The applicability of the MCO/SPE was further validated through effective CBZ detection in fruit and vegetable samples as compared with the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, showing strong potential for food safety monitoring.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2022
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IF 24.319
Peizhen Yang,Yuhan Long,Wenli Huang,Dongfang Liu
Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 )-dominated advanced oxidation processes has drawn widespread attention for selective oxidation of organic pollutants in complex water environments. However, the high efficiency and selectivity of 1 O 2 generation remains challenging. Herein, we develop single-atom copper anchored on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets (Cu-SA/MXene) by molten salt etching for the generation of 1 O 2 via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Particularly, it exhibits a high selectivity of 99.71% toward 1 O 2 generation by activating PMS, which shows outstanding catalytic activity for multiple pollutants, and strong resistance to inorganic anions. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the Cu single atoms with three oxygen coordination environments (Cu-O 3 ) are more favorable for PMS absorption and selectively adsorb the terminal oxygen of PMS to promote the generation of SO 5 .- , resulting in the generation of 1 O 2 . A continuous-flow wastewater system by dispersing catalysts on poly (vinylidene fluoride) membrane exhibit stable catalytic activity for polycarbonate plant wastewater treatment over 8 h.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2022
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IF 10.753
Xue Bai,Juan Shi,Lu Xu,Xin Jin,Xuan Shi,Pengkang Jin
To overcome the shortcomings of homogeneous Fe ion activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS), such as high pH-dependence, limited cycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and sludge production, graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is chosen as a support for Fe ions, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is employed to facilitate the electron transfer process, thereby enhancing catalysis. Herein, a ternary catalyst, Fe-g-C 3 N 4 /rGO, is first applied under lightless condition for PMS activation , which exhibits ideal performance for contaminant mineralization. 82.5 % of the total organic carbon (TOC) in 100 mL of 5 mg/L bis -phenol A (BPA) was removed within 20 min by the optimal catalyst named 30%rFe 0.2 CN, which shows a strong pH adaptability over the range of 3–11 compared with a common Fenton-like system. Moreover, the highly stable Fe-g-C 3 N 4 /rGO/PMS catalytic system resists complex water matrices, especially those with high turbidity . To unveil the mechanism of PMS activation and pollutant degradation , the physicochemical properties of the as-prepared catalysts are comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques. The Fe(III) contained in both the Fe-N group and α-Fe 2 O 3 component of 30%rFe 0.2 CN not only directly reacts with PMS to produce sulfate radicals ( SO 4 − ) and hydroxyl radicals ( OH), but also combines with PMS to form the essential [Fe(III)OOSO 3 ] + active complex, thereby generating superoxide radicals ( O 2 − ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). Among the various reactive oxidizing species, 1 O 2 plays an important role in pollutant removal , which is additionally generated by the C O moiety of the catalyst activating PMS as well as PMS self-oxidation, indicating the dominance of the non-radical pathway in the pollutant degradation process. Due to the advantages of high efficiency, wide pH adaptability and stability, the proposed lightless Fe-g-C 3 N 4 /rGO/PMS catalytic system represents a promising avenue for practical wastewater purification.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2023
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IF 9.8
Dongqin He,Dongli Wang,Hongwei Luo,Yifeng Zeng,Ganning Zeng,Jun Li,Xiangliang Pan
The most important factor that restricts the decomposition of H 2 O 2 in the Fe 3+ /H 2 O 2 reaction is the slow cycling efficiency of reducing Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . In this study, the addition of tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) as a co-catalyst achieved a rapid cycling of the reaction rate-limiting step and a significant enhancement of H 2 O 2 decomposition, which resulted in the effective degradation of acetaminophen (APAP). Results show that 99.6% of APAP (5 mg L −1 ) could be degraded by H 2 O 2 /Fe 3+ /WS 2 system within 2.5 min. The conversion of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ occurred mainly on the surface of WS 2 due to the redox reaction of the exposed W 4+ active sites with Fe 3+ after the unsaturated S atoms were bound to protons. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching experiments evaluated the contribution of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide radical (O 2 • − ) in the degradation of pollutants. WS 2 showed good recoverability after four cycles of the reaction. This study provides a new perspective to improve the efficiency of Fe 3+ /H 2 O 2 and provides a reference for the involvement of transition metal sulfides in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).
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