ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 98
·期 31
·23130-23141
·
IF 7.3
Chen Zhuoer,Sun Qi,Lei Xianlu,Chen Wei,Le Tao
Aptamers are valuable recognition elements for biosensing
and therapeutic
applications; however, an accessible strategy to link structure with
function during postselection engineering remains challenging. Here,
we introduce the concept of a structure–function landscape
for aptamers, constructed by systematic single-point mutagenesis that
maps the contribution of each nucleotide to target binding. Using
OTC2, an aptamer that recognizes multiple tetracycline antibiotics,
as a model, we identified critical binding sites and variable regions
within the landscape. Guided by this landscape, we engineered OTC2
through combinatorial mutagenesis of only five nucleotides, yielding
an evolved aptamer (OTC2M1) with enhanced affinity and substantially
improved binding kinetics. The improved performance translated directly
into sensing applications: an aptamer switch based on OTC2M1 achieved
a 40-fold improvement in detection sensitivity for tetracycline antibiotics
compared to the original aptamer. This work establishes the structure–function
landscape as an informative and accessible platform for rational aptamer
engineering and highlights its potential to guide the development
of high-performance biosensors.
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Chemosensors
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 8
·175
·
IF 4.4
Qinwen Wang,Yiqing Wang,Yang Huang,Jidong Jiang
The widespread use of tetracycline (TC) has resulted in its frequent occurrence in aquatic environments because of incomplete metabolism and continuous release, raising increasing concerns regarding water quality and environmental safety. Reliable determination of trace TC in real water samples remains challenging owing to its low concentration and the complex sample matrix. In this work, an aptamer-functionalized extended-gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (EG-ISFET) was developed for sensitive TC detection. The sensing interface was constructed by immobilizing a TC-specific aptamer on a Ta2O5extended gate. Upon target recognition, aptamer folding redistributes the interfacial charge, thereby modulating the surface potential of the extended gate and producing a measurable field-effect response. The proposed sensor exhibits a broad linear detection range from 1 pM to 1 μM with a detection limit of 0.33 pM. To facilitate practical applications, a compact plug-and-play point-of-care testing (POCT) platform integrating the EG-ISFET sensor was further developed for rapid on-site analysis. The portable system demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and reliability for the determination of TC in river water samples, highlighting its potential for environmental monitoring and point-of-use water quality assessment.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.3
Meiting Kang,Qiang Zhao
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one commonly used antibiotic, and its overuse has led to contamination in environment and food, posing substantial risks to both human health and ecology systems. Development of sensitive and rapid methods for OTC detection is in demands. High-affinity DNA aptamers (OTC5) for OTC recently have been selected, providing new tools for OTC detection. In this work, based on aptamer-binding induced increase of fluorescence anisotropy (FA) of OTC, we utilized FA analysis to systematically characterize affinity of aptamers and mutant sequences. We identified the key regions of OTC5 aptamer for OTC recognition and conserved bases of aptamer sequence by fully testing single base mutation. In addition, we found the OTC5 aptamer with mutation of C10 base to deoxyuridine (dU) (OTC5-C10dU) showed enhanced affinity. We further developed a direct FA sensor for OTC detection by using this mutated aptamer with internal tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) label. The OTC binding caused significant changes in FA signals of TMR due to the conformational changes of the TMR-labeled aptamers. We screened out the aptamer with TMR label at the 18th T base, which produced the most sensitive FA response to OTC. Using this TMR-labeled aptamer, we achieved sensitive and selective FA detection of OTC within a short analysis time of 10 min, with a detection limit as low as 0.6 nM (0.28 µg L −1 ). This FA aptamer sensor allowed the detection of spiked OTC in diluted skim milk and lake water samples, showing potential for application in real food and environmental samples.
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Biosensors-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 2
·103
·
IF 6.2
Luwei Chai,Yarong Wang,Shuang Jiang,Xue Wang,Yong Xie,Tao Le
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is widely used in livestock production, and its residues can enter water and soil environments, posing potential risks to human health and ecosystems. This study focuses on environmental samples and constructs an AuNP-based colorimetric aptasensor using the SMZ1S aptamer for the rapid visual detection of SMZ. Under optimized conditions, the aptasensor showed a wide linear range from 0.05 to 0.4 µg/mL and a limit of detection of 0.039 µg/mL. Molecular dynamics simulations have demonstrated that the aptamer’s binding to SMZ is stable, providing a theoretical basis for the high selectivity of the aptasensor. Spike-and-recovery experiments yielded recoveries of 87.3–105.5%, 88.6–102.8%, and 87.5–103.4% for SMZ in lake water, tap water, and soil samples, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 5.9–8.3%, 8.0–10.6%, and 4.8–9.6%, showing good agreement with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results (R2≥ 0.981). Overall, the proposed aptasensor provides a simple and effective approach for rapid detection of SMZ in environmental samples.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·Vol. 193
·期 4
·262
·
IF 5.4
Sun Guoran,He Jinxing,Yang Rongrong,Han Zhonghui,Zhao Xiaolei
A facile “layer by layer” strategy was used to fabricate core-shell-structured magnetic molecularly imprinted fluorescence encoded microspheres, by integrating a Fe 3 O 4 magnetic core, a ZIF-8 inner-layer, an in-situ grown imprinting shell, and the final encoded quantum dots. This architectural design not only offered the capability of rapid magnetic separation, specific recognition, and sensitive fluorescence response, but also effectively avoided direct contact between the magnetic core and quantum dots, resulting in excellent fluorescence performance. Considering the strong magnetic responsiveness, the obtained microspheres were further employed into magnetic solid phase extraction to selectively capture tetracycline for fluorescence analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the sensor achieved ultra-rapid detection time with 1 min, and exhibited a closely linear relationship (R 2 = 0.9941) in the range 3–200 µg L − 1 with a method detection limit of 3 µg L − 1 . The spiked recoveries ranged from 83.2% to 112.8% in milk, egg, honey, and pork samples, with RSD value < 7.63%. This work offers an ultra-rapid fluorescence analytical strategy with high accuracy, reliability, and anti-interference capability, and could be considered as an ideal alternative for the rapid detection of various trace contaminants.
Section
Graphical
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
·
2026
·
IF 9.2
Nabi Bux,Danruo Luo,Shan Qian,He Guo,Sadam Hussain Tumrani,Razium Ali Soomro,Guodong Zhang,Qiuling Ma,Jian Zhou,Tiecheng Wang
The wide occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics in water environments poses a great threat to ecological system and human health. Cobalt-based catalysts are well known for advanced oxidation processes (AOP), but the synergistic role of heteroatoms is still uncertain. In this work, a new type of heterogeneous Co based catalyst with sulfur as the ligand (Co@S-N-C) was transferred through a straightforward one-pot pyrolysis approach for efficient activating peracetic acid (PAA) to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ). Systematic characterization confirmed that the co-doping by S and N in carbon induced the formation of several cobalt species (Co 0 , Co 2+ , and Co 3+ ) and built a unique electronic structure featuring in abundant defects and large specific surface area. The Co@S-N-C/PAA system exhibited exceptional catalytic efficacy, accomplishing total SDZ degradation in 25 min and a substantial mineralization rate of 78.2% within 90 min, markedly surpassing the performance of single heteroatom-doped catalysts (Co@N-C and Co@S-C). Mechanistic investigations indicated that •OH and CH 3 COO• contributed 66.4% and 34.1% to SDZ degradation, respectively. DFT calculations revealed that S-N co-doping increased the electron transfer from low-valent cobalt sites to PAA, promoting O-O bond splitting. The catalyst exhibited excellent stability with 71% activity retention and minimal Co leaching (5%) after four cycles. Based on these results, five primary degradation pathways for SDZ were proposed, and the results of ecotoxicity analysis showed that the transformation products were less toxic. Overall, this work provides significant insights into the development of high-performance dual-heteroatom-doped catalysts to form the PAA-mediated AOP for wastewater treatment.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Yanling Hu,Yanshu Chen,Ruitong Li,Ximan Wang,Sigen A,Yunfeng Wu,Dehui Bian,Siqi Bao
Constructed an S-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /Ce-MgAl-LDH heterojunction via hydrothermal method. • Achieved complete TC-HCl degradation in 20 min under visible light with H 2 O 2 synergy. • Identified superoxide radicals as dominant species and proposed three degradation pathways. • Revealed enhanced charge separation via Ce doping and S-scheme interfacial transfer. • Demonstrated 85.3% stability after five cycles with reduced ecotoxicity of intermediates. Antibiotic contamination, especially by tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl), presents significant environmental and health challenges. In this study, a 3D flower-like g-C 3 N 4 /Ce-MgAl-LDH composite was synthesized for effective TC-HCl degradation. In situ XPS and DFT calculations confirmed that the formed S-scheme heterojunction enhances charge separation while maintaining strong redox capabilities. Response surface methodology (RSM) identified pH as the key factor influencing degradation efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the catalyst achieved complete TC-HCl removal within 20 min and a mineralization efficiency of 39.8% based on TOC analysis. Quenching experiments and EPR spectroscopy revealed superoxide radicals (·O 2 - ) as the primary reactive species. The composite also demonstrated excellent environmental adaptability, broad-spectrum activity, and cyclic stability, retaining 85.3% of its activity after five successive cycles. This work combines an advanced S-scheme photocatalyst design with RSM-guided optimization, offering a practical strategy for antibiotic wastewater treatment. Mechanism diagram of TC-HCl degradation in the CN/LDH-15%/H 2 O 2 /Vis system Download: Download high-res image (190KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Tongtong Ma,Xinyue Ma,Qiao Huang,Lin Zhang,Baiyi Lu,Kaiyu He,Yibin Ying,Yingchun Fu
Integrated PNCE enables dual-interface confinement and electrochemical sensing. • ZIF-8 confined growth regulates transport and enhances selective adsorption. • Sensitive TC detection with low LOD (0.22 ng mL −1 ) and high enrichment (>85%) in chicken samples. Nanochannel-based electrochemical sensors show great promise for food analysis, yet small-molecule detection remains challenging due to insufficient molecular recognition and limited interface utilization. Herein, we report a portable paper-based nanochannel electrode (PNCE) integrated with selective adsorption elements, in which nanoporous gold layers were modified on both sides of the nanochannels, and its application in small-molecule analysis was explored. ZIF-8 was controllably grown across the outer surfaces and internal fibrous pathways through counter-diffusion, narrowing the local transport pathways and restricting ion and probe transport. Combined with the strong adsorption capability of ZIF-8, the resulting ZIF-8/PNCE system directly captured target small molecules and suppressed the diffusion of electrochemical probes, thereby enabling sensitive small-molecule detection without requiring additional labeling or biological recognition elements. Based on the cooperative contribution of outer-surface interaction and inner-channel confinement, the ZIF-8/PNCE system achieved preferential adsorption and sensitive class-level detection of tetracycline-class antibiotics (TCs), with TC selected as a representative model analyte and a detection limit of 0.22 ng mL −1 , comparable to or even surpassing many sensing systems that rely on biological recognition probes. Moreover, electrostatic potential and binding-energy simulations further confirmed the strong interaction between TC and ZIF-8. Reliable recoveries (94.16–115.6%) in real chicken samples demonstrated the practical applicability of the platform. This work establishes a dual-interface confinement-regulated electrochemical sensing strategy for portable and label-free small-molecule analysis. Download: Download high-res image (168KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2015
·Vol. 407
·期 20
·6071-6079
·
IF 3.436
Du Fuyou,Sun Lin,Zhen Xian,Nie Honggang,Zheng Yanjie,Ruan Guihua,Li Jianping
High-internal-phase-emulsion polymers (polyHIPEs) show great promise as solid-phase-extraction (SPE) materials because of the tremendous porosity and highly interconnected framework afforded by the high-internal-phase-emulsion (HIPE) technique. In this work, polyHIPE monolithic columns as novel SPE materials were prepared and applied to trace enrichment of cytokinins (CKs) from complex plant samples. The polyHIPE monoliths were synthesized via the in-situ polymerization of the continuous phase of a HIPE containing styrene (STY) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in a stainless column, and revealed highly efficient and selective enrichment ability for aromatic compounds. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a method using a monolithic polyHIPE column combined with liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) was developed for the simultaneous extraction and sensitive determination of trans -zeatin ( t Z), meta -topolin ( m T), kinetin (K), and kinetin riboside (KR). The proposed method had good linearity, with correlation coefficients ( R
2 ) from 0.9957 to 0.9984, and low detection limits (LODs, S/N = 3) in the range 2.4–47 pg mL −1 for the four CKs. The method was successfully applied to the determination of CKs in real plant samples, and obtained good recoveries ranging from 68.8 % to 103.0 % and relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 16 %.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Xi Li,Zhigang Yu,Jiaqing Ye,Xiaolong Wang,Huai Lin,Liusheng Lei,Wenjin Hu,Yi Luo
Numerous disinfectants have been discharged into the environment through anthropogenic activities, leading to ubiquitous coexistence of multiple disinfectants in the real environment. Previous studies reported that individual disinfectants induce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, the impacts of the coexposure to multiple disinfectants on the development of AMR and its toxicity associated with bacterial pathogenicity are still unclear. Here, we conducted a 30-day stepwise exposure experiment to investigate the impacts of the commonly used disinfectants polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), benzalkonium chloride (BAC), and their combination on AMR and pathogenicity of Wild-Type Escherichia coli. Results reveal that the coexistence of dual disinfectants dramatically led to higher levels of AMR (2.0- to 14.8-fold) and pathogenicity (8.7-fold) in the evolved strains. Dual disinfectant-induced bacterial evolution is primarily driven by the alteration in the expression of key functional genes, such as those involved in biofilm formation and cell motility. In contrast, genetic mutations may not account for the increased AMR and pathogenicity in combination of dual disinfectant treatment, as similar gene mutations are responsible for both dual and single disinfectant stress. The evolved strains induced by disinfectant combination, characterized with transcriptional regulation, exhibited a synergistic or additive response on AMR and pathogenicity, which was further confirmed by a toxicology prediction model. This study demonstrated that dual disinfectants synergistically enhanced AMR and the associated pathogenicity, advancing our understanding of the risks posed by coexistence of multiple chemical pollutants in the environment.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Xiangrong Li,Xianfei Liu,Jingjing Zhao,Yujie Sun,Yuxin Liang,Qiongya Hu
The combination of lysozyme with antibiotics has emerged as a promising strategy to combat bacterial resistance; however, the lack of mechanistic understanding regarding their molecular-level interactions remains a critical knowledge gap, hindering the rational design of optimized synergistic therapies. Through integrated spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, CD, UV-vis, fluorescence), thermodynamic analyses, molecular docking, and 200-ns molecular dynamics simulation, we established that doxycycline/tigecycline bind lysozyme via moderate-affinity hydrophobic interactions ( K a ∼10 4 L mol -1 ) but with distinct binding patterns-tigecycline forms additional hydrogen bonds through its glycylamino side chain, yielding higher stability and lower free drug fraction ( f u ) compare to doxycycline. Additionally, doxycycline and tigecycline have a relatively mild effect on lysozyme conformation, but doxycycline has a greater impact on lysozyme conformation than tigecycline. Key findings reveal a paradoxical efficacy relationship: while doxycycline exhibits stronger intrinsic antibacterial activity, the lysozyme-tigecycline complex demonstrates synergistic enhancement (particularly against E. coli ) through stable binding-mediated protection and optimized release kinetics, whereas lysozyme-doxycycline’s weaker binding leads to premature release and reduced activity. These results fundamentally advance protein-drug interaction paradigms by demonstrating that optimal therapeutic outcomes require balanced binding stability, with broader implications for designing lysozyme-based delivery systems where moderately strong interactions enable synergistic effects while preserving structural integrity, offering a template for developing combination therapies against antimicrobial resistance.
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Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Wenxiao Liu,Guohao Chen,Yue Li,Hongpo Dong
By virtue of genetic engineering technology, we developed a highly sensitive biosensor for tetracycline detection based on the interaction between the tetracycline regulator TetR and tetracycline. In the absence of tetracycline, TetR binds to the tetO sequence, inhibiting the expression of the sfGFP reporter gene. When tetracycline is present, it induces TetR to release from tetO , allowing sfGFP expression. The biosensor was optimized through the selection of transcription factors and reporter genes, and the optimization of spacer lengths. Chassis cells were grown to mid-log phase in a tetracycline-supplemented medium for subsequent fluorescence intensity measurement. The biosensor exhibited a strong linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and tetracycline concentration (I = 37620.7 × [C(Tc)] + 4048.5, R ² = 0.998), demonstrating high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.0097 mg/L. The response time of the biosensor ranged from 2 to 4 hours within the working concentration range, making it suitable for real-time detection. It shows potential for application in actual water sample analysis and as an early warning technology for water pollution risks.
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