MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 8
·1733
·
IF 4.2
Shuo Zhang,Ze Liu,Xinyu Xu,Ruihua Zhao,Shujiang Zhang,Rong Luo
In traditional Chinese medicine, Aurantii Fructus Immatures (AFIs) have been utilized for more than 2000 years. The proportions of different fruit parts are crucial for evaluating AFI quality in China. However, the basis for this statement’s substance is unclear. Differences in quality are intimately correlated with a plant’s metabolite composition. On the basis of a widely targeted metabolome, this study intended to investigate the metabolite composition and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the peel and pulp of an AFI. Metabolites were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS. To assess their antioxidant ability, DPPH and ABTS assays were carried out. There were 1327 chemical compounds identified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS. After screening the differential metabolites using a multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were 695 significant differences in the metabolites between the peel and the pulp. Among them, it was discovered that the content of active ingredients in the peel group was higher than that in the pulp group. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts from the peel showed stronger antioxidant capacities than those from the pulp. The metabolites and antioxidant capacities were significantly different between the peel and the pulp. This study of different fruit parts might provide a guide for AFI quality assessments.
研究领域:
药理学
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中药学
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代谢组学
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植物科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2011
·Vol. 402
·期 3
·1337-1346
·
IF 3.841
Fan Jie-Ping,Zhang Lu,Zhang Xue-Hong,Huang Jun-zhong,Tong Sheng,Kong Tao,Tian Zhe-You,Zhu Jian-Hang
In this work, molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) has been used to selectively enrich, purify, or remove synephrine from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus . To this end, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by self-assembly from the template synephrine, the functional monomer methacrylic acid, and the crosslinker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in 1:4:20 molar ratio. Subsequent molecular interrogation of the MIP binding sites revealed preferential structural selectivity for synephrine relative to other structurally related naturally occurring compounds (i.e. octopamine and tyramine ). This selectivity was subsequently exploited to achieve substantial sample clean-up of extracts of crude Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus stir-baked with bran. The purity of synephrine in the extracts after MISPE represented approximately 24.21-fold enrichment of the synephrine in the untreated extracts of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus stir-baked with bran. High recoveries (85–90%) from the samples proved that the method was valid for selective enrichment, purification, or removal of synephrine from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus .
The Molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective extraction of synephrine
研究领域:
药物分析
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天然产物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Alexandria Engineering Journal
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2024
·
IF 6.2
Xinyu Wang,Chenghui Zhu,Yongli Ma,Liquan Liu,Wen Wen,Shujing Wang,Jianwei Jiang
A sensitive and selective molecularly imprinted polymer-graphene oxide (MIP@GO) electrochemical sensor was fabricated for the determination of naringin and neohesperidin in "Quzhiqiao" (immature fruit of Citrus paradisi 'Changshan Huyou'). The MIP@GO was prepared by electropolymerization using naringin and neohesperidin as templates. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited linear ranges of 0.1–50 μM for naringin and 0.2–60 μM for neohesperidin, with low detection limits of 0.03 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively. The imprinting factors for naringin and neohesperidin were 3.8 and 2.5, respectively. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, reproducibility (RSD < 3.6 %), stability (>94.5 % retention after 30 days), and reusability (>92.8 % retention after 10 cycles). The MIP@GO sensor was successfully applied to Fructus aurantii samples, with recoveries ranging from 95.5 % to 104.2 %. This work presents a rapid, cost-effective, and highly sensitive approach for the quality control of Quzhiqiao and related citrus products.
研究领域:
分析化学
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食品科学
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植物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 4.8
Zhuojun Zhang,Jin Gao,Junpeng Wang,Zishuo Mi,Haoyang Li,Zhicen Dai,Yujing Pan,Jiming Dong,Sihan Chen,Shu Lu,Xiaodong Tan,Hao Chen
Ethnopharmacological relevance Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction (ZSXBGZD) is a traditional herbal manuscript used to treat cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The decoction has demonstrated its capability to protect arteries and resist atherosclerosis. Its mechanisms for anti-atherosclerosis effect, nevertheless, remain unknown. Aims of the study The goal of the present study is to explore the effectiveness of ZSXBGZD acting on atherosclerosis and its key components based on experimental verification and network pharmacology analysis. Materials and methods The ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and databases were used to identify chemical components in ZSXBGZD. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking were implemented in order to reveal the possible therapeutic targets of ZSXBGZD. To form the model of atherosclerosis, we gave Apolipoprotein E knocked out mice a high-fat diet. H&E staining was performed to observe the effects of ZSXBGZD on atherosclerosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to investigate whether ZSXBGZD could affect autophagy, apoptosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and other related mechanisms. Results In total, 30 core compounds were screened through intersecting UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and the databases. The anti-atherosclerotic effect of ZSXBGZD might relate to the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway via network pharmacology analysis. ZSXBGZD could inhibit apoptosis, activate autophagy and ease inflammation by modifying AGE-RAGE signaling pathway to reduce the area of atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion ZSXBGZD could treat atherosclerosis by regulating autophagy and apoptosis via adjusting the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway.
研究领域:
药理学
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心血管疾病
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中医药
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.36
Rifa Qiao,Lifen Zhou,Minyong Zhong,Min Zhang,Lin Yang,Yuanfeng Yang,Haifang Chen,Wuliang Yang,Jinbin Yuan
Ethnopharmacological relevance Nowadays, gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMD) have reduced the quality of people's daily life worldwide, but there is still a lack of effective western medicine treatment. Fructus aurantii (FA), a representative regulating-qi herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat GMD in China for thousands of years, but it is not clear that which specific components contribute to the efficacy. Aim of the study The efficacy differences of various fractions of FA on normal mice and GMD rats were compared, so as to find out the main effective fraction of FA, and to screen the main regulating-qi components based on spectrum-effect relationship and multivariate statistical analysis. Materials and methods The fingerprints of different fractions of FA were established and main compounds were identified with UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique. The promoting gastrointestinal motility activities of FA were evaluated by defecation test, gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion test in mice, and further investigated according to the biochemical analysis of 5-HT, SP , MLT, GAS and VIP in GMD rats’ plasma. One-way ANOVA was used to find out the difference of efficacy. The active components were screened through spectrum-effect relationship with PCA-X, Pearson bivariate correlation analysis and OPLS analysis. Conclusions Ethyl acetate fraction is the main active fraction, and nine compounds are the major regulating-qi components. The developed spectrum-effect analysis can be used for the screening of bioactive components in natural products with high accuracy and reliability.
研究领域:
药理学
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民族药理学
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分析化学
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中药学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 5.4
Xueping Wei,Junsong Jing,Rongrong Huang,Ting Zhou,Lianhao Wu,Guoteng Ou,Youping Wu,Jingjin Hu,Wenwen Zhu,Yueguo Wu,Yuanyuan Li,Sheng Zhang,Zhenqiang You
Ethnopharmacological relevance Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible lung disease that severely affects human respiratory function. Traditionally, the natural plant Quzhou Fructus Arantii (QFA) has therapeutic effects on respiratory diseases. However, the effects and the mechanism of anti-fibrotic have not been elucidated. Aim of the study In this study, QFAE-nB was extracted from QFA, the aims of this study include understanding the correlation between Bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and STING pathway in mice, as well as exploring the role and mechanisms of QFAE-nB in the treatment of PF. Materials and methods QFAE-nB was extracted from QFA, six main chemical components in QFAE-nB were identified by HPLC–QTOF–MS/MS, and quantitative analysis was conducted by HPLC. qPCR and Western blot were used to verify the molecular mechanism of QFAE-nB, and the anti-fibrotic effect of QFAE-nB was determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining as well as immunohistochemistry. TREX1-KO and STING-KO mice were used to verify the relationship between STING and PF and the important target action of QFAE-nB. Results Six main flavonoids in QFAE-nB were identified as eriocitrin (0.76%), neoeriocitrin (2.79%), narirutin (4.31%), naringin (35.41%), hesperidin (1.74%), and neohesperidin (27.18%). The results showed that BLM-induced PF was associated with its exacerbated release of proinflammatory factors and chemokines in lung tissues. In addition, QFAE-nB alleviated BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the activation of the STING signaling pathway and reducing the signal transduction of TBK1–IRF3 and TBK1–NF-κB pathways. Notably, knockout of the TREX1 gene caused massive inflammation and even induced PF in the lung tissues, whereas QFAE-nB effectively alleviated inflammation and reduced PF. The deletion of the STING gene suppressed BLM-induced PF and inflammation, but STING-KO mice treated with QFAE-nB showed even lower expression levels of proinflammatory factors and chemokine. Conclusions The STING pathway plays an important role in PF, and QFAE-nB alleviates PF by mainly targeting the inhibition of the STING pathway to reduce inflammation. Together, the study paves the way for targeting the STING pathway in PF treatment.
研究领域:
药理学
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民族药理学
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分子生物学
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免疫学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Hua Du,Yaodeng Wang,Yi Wu,Wenhui Wu,Bixing Gao,Jiaqi Yang,Jing Leng,Min Yang
Traditional extraction methods of essential oil suffer from limitations such as low extraction efficiency or the use of toxic solvents, which fail to meet the principles of green chemistry. To address these issues, this study established a high-efficiency, eco-friendly method for extracting essential oils from Fructus Aurantii by integrating natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) with the COSMO-RS tool. We initially screened 18 types of NADESs through theoretical analysis (COSMO-RS) and experimental validation, ultimately identifying the optimal extraction solvent (Gly-Laa, molar ratio 1:3). Subsequently, the extraction process was optimized using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach. The results revealed that the optimal conditions were 10 % water content, a 5:1 (g/g) liquid/solid ratio, and 7 h extraction time, respectively—achieved a maximum yield of 2.82 %. This represents a 4.7-fold increase compared to steam distillation (0.6 %) and a 1.76-fold enhancement over petroleum ether extraction (1.6 %). Furthermore, the extraction mechanism was investigated through MD simulations and RDG analysis. The results indicated that NADES enhanced its interactions with limonene via hydrogen bonding (average bond length: 0.14–0.22 nm) and van der Waals forces. Finally, the biological activities of the extracted essential oil were analyzed and compared. The results revealed that the NADES-extracted essential oil exhibited superior antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS scavenging rates >80 %), significant antibacterial efficacy against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zone diameter >10 mm), and demonstrated notable anti-tumor activity. In summary, the combination of NADES and COSMO-RS model is a sustainable and efficient essential oil extraction strategy.
研究领域:
绿色化学
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提取技术
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计算化学
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植物化学
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药理学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FITOTERAPIA
·
2024
·
IF 2.5
Wenjun Cai,Shuo Zhang,Yaonan Wang,Changli Liu,Rong Luo
Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) was structurally divided into two parts named “peel” and “pulp”. The exocarp and mesocarp of materials named “peel”. The endocarp separated into multiple compartments and the cystic hair attached to it named “pulp”. In order to explore the distribution and content of constituents in AFI, an efficient method to explore the distribution of constituents was developed based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-FTICR-MSI). After simple processing, thirty-two constituents with distinct localization in the mass range of 101–1200 Da were identified by MALDI-FTICR-MSI. In addition, the identified four flavnoids (poncirin, sinensetin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptemthoxyflavone, and tangeritin) were analyzed for differences between using LC-MS. Quantitative analysis results supported the quantitative results from MALDI-FT-ICR-MSI. The results implied that different parts had different constituents in AFI, and demonstrated MALDI-MSI have high potential in the direct analysis of constituents.
研究领域:
生药学
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分析化学
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植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
·
IF 8.2
Jia-Ying Zhao,Tao Hong,Yan-Jie Hou,Xiao-Xiao Song,Jun-Yi Yin,Fang Geng,Shao-Ping Nie
The structural characteristics of two water-extracted pectic polysaccharides from Fructus aurantii were investigated, and the impacts of their structures on the emulsifying stability were evaluated. FWP-60 (extracted by cold water and followed 60 % ethanol precipitation) and FHWP-50 (extracted by hot water and followed 50 % ethanol precipitation) were both high methyl-esterified pectins, which were composed of homogalacturonan (HG) and highly branched rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) regions. The weight-average molecular weight, methyl-esterification degree (DM) and HG/RG-I ratio of FWP-60 were 1200 kDa, 66.39 % and 4.45, respectively, which were 781 kDa, 79.10 % and 1.95 for FHWP-50. The methylation and NMR analysis of FWP-60 and FHWP-50 demonstrated that the main backbone consisted of different molar ratios of →4)-α-Gal p A-(1 → and →4)-α-Gal p A-6- O -methyl-(1 →, and the side chains contained arabinan and galactan . Moreover, the emulsifying properties of FWP-60 and FHWP-50 were discussed. Compared with FHWP-50, FWP-60 had better emulsion stability. Overall, pectin had a linear HG domain and a small number of RG-I domain with short side chains to facilitate the stabilization of emulsions in Fructus aurantii. A comprehensive knowledge of the structure characteristic and emulsifying property would enable us to provide more information and theoretical guidance for the structure and emulsion preparation of Fructus aurantii pectic polysaccharides.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
化学
·
生物材料
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 5.399
Yongliang Cui,Jing Zhao,Jie Zhou,Guiyu Tan,Qiyang Zhao,Yaohai Zhang,Baomin Wang,Bining Jiao
Nobiletin, a polymethoxyflavone mainly found in citrus fruits, have been reported to exhibit various beneficial biological activities for human health. It is an important bioactive compound in traditional Chinese medicine, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Fructus Aurantii . To detect the contents of nobiletin in citrus and herb samples, we developed an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies. It possessed a median inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) of 2.43 ± 0.19 ng/mL and a working range of 0.52–12.3 ng/mL. The assay exhibited the average recoveries of 72.5–85.3% in citrus peel, pulp and juice samples. Moreover, eleven citrus cultivars samples and four herb samples were also detected by the icELISA. The nobiletin content varied in different citrus cultivars samples and herb samples, which were confirmed by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). These results indicated that the developed immunoassay was suitable for detecting nobiletin in citrus and herb samples.
研究领域:
分析化学
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药理学
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食品科学
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中医药
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chinese Medicine
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Min Fu,Yuan Li,Jingjing Liu,Junjie Liu,Jiaoxia Wei,Yuxin Qiao,Hanxin Zhong,Dongyang Han,Haitao Lu,Li Yao
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe cardio-pulmonary vascular disease, involves complex molecular mechanism especially during the pathological process of pulmonary vascular remodeling, brings a significant challenge to clinical treatment and thus resulting in high mortality rates. Classic Traditional Chinese medicine formula, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction (ZXGD), holds therapeutic potential for PH. In present study, we sought to explore therapeutic potential of ZXGD against PH in rats. Methods We employed a combination methods of chemical profiling, echocardiographic, morphologic measurements, molecular biology, rats models and cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) to achieve this. Results Eighteen compounds were precisely identified in ZXGD using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Our data demonstrated ZXGD could alleviate PH by reducing pulmonary artery pressure and alleviating pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats. Specifically, ZXGD was found to intervene in abnormal expansion of PASMCs, thereby attenuating pulmonary vascular remodeling. ZXGD was also observed to modulate expressions of HIF-1α, ROS, and Nrf2 to alleviate hypoxia and oxidative stress. Additionally, ZXGD significantly regulated disorders in pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus mitigating inflammation. Furthermore, ZXGD decreased levels of decadienyl- l -carnitine and LDL-C, while elevating HDL-C and lipid droplet counts, thereby reducing cholesterol and lipid toxicity and preserving mitochondrial function. Importantly, inhibition of HIF-1α reversed expression of key pathological triggers for pulmonary vascular remodeling. Neohesperidin and naringin in ZXGD extract were identified as the primary contributors to its pharmacological effects against PH. Conclusion Altogether, our study empirically explored therapeutic potential and pharmacological mechanisms of ZXGD in treating PH, offering a groundwork for the development of novel anti-PH drugs. Graphical Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-024-01039-0.
研究领域:
药理学
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心血管疾病
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传统中药
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
·
2022
·
IF 2.65
Qixuan Mu,Yaping Zhang,Ying Cui,Xin Chai,Junlian Liu,Yongzhi Li,Huijuan Yu,Yuefei Wang
As the representatives of closely related Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) originated from Rutaceae family, Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI), Aurantii fructus (AF), Citri reticulatae pericarpium viride (CRPV), and Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) have better functions in regulating qi and promoting gastrointestinal motility. However, differences in the quality of closely related Citrus CMMs have not yet been revealed until now. Herein, this study focused on the systematic differentiation and in-depth understanding of closely related Citrus CMMs by a strategy integrating chemometrics and network pharmacology. Determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography, the content of nine flavonoids showed obvious fluctuations in the decoction pieces from different species (Citrus aurantium Linnaeus and Citrus reticulate Blanco) with decreasing levels in the samples of ripe fruits. Decoction pieces from the different species and ripening stages were well distinguished by orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and cluster analysis. As a result, four active components including narirutin, naringenin, hesperidin, and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptemthoxyflavone were filtered out by variable importance for the projection (VIP) value (VIP > 1.0), which were regarded as chemotaxonomic markers. Furthermore, a components-targets-diseases network was constructed via ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), and the correlations were predicted between four chemotaxonomic markers, 223 targets, and three diseases including colitis, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. The obtained results will be of great significance for identifying closely related Citrus CMMs and conduce to improving the resource utilization of CMMs.
研究领域:
药理学
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分析化学
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网络生物学
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中医药
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植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）