Energy Technology
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·2200155
·
IF 4.149
Delun Zhu,Jingchao Yuan,Yang Dai,Yuqing Peng,Wenrong Li,Fangzhou Zhang,Aijun Li,Jiujun Zhang
The lithium–fluorinated carbon (Li/CF x ) battery possesses the highest energy density (2180 Wh kg −1 ) among all the primary lithium batteries. However, the poor electronic conductivity of the fluorinated carbon (CF x ) material sets a limit on its rate discharge capability, confining its practical application. In this article, a doping strategy at a mild anneal condition is developed to synthesize the phosphorus species-doped CF x materials (P-CF x ) for Li/CF x batteries. Compared to the commonly used methods, this eco-friendly, and simple doping method does not involve washing, centrifugation, and filtration processes. Characterization using X-Ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the successful doping and the structure of the P-CF x . Density functional theory calculations and characterization results demonstrate that phosphorus species doping can alter microstructure and induce charge redistribution to improve electronic and ionic conductivity. Therefore, the Li/P-CF x battery possesses a high specific capacity and an excellent rate capability, shown by a high discharge capacity of 810 mAh g −1 with a voltage plateau of 2.53 V at 0.1 C. Extraordinarily, a discharge capacity of 597 mAh g −1 with a voltage plateau of 1.90 V at 20 C has been achieved as well as a high power density of 34 048 W kg −1 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2022
·
IF 9.794
Delun Zhu,Jingchao Yuan,Tong Wang,Yang Dai,Yuqing Peng,Wenrong Li,Aijun Li,Jiujun Zhang
To improve the electrochemical performance of fluorinated carbon (CF x ) for lithium-fluorinated carbon batteries , the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped sub-fluorinated carbon cathode material (NS-sCF x ) is synthesized by a one-step method of heteroatom doping and defluorination . Experimental results confirm that nitrogen and sulfur elements are successfully doped on the surface of CF x material, and the surface fluorinated degree is reduced. DFT calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the heteroatoms co-doping and defluorination can generate a conductive interface, increase activation sites, and induce charge redistribution, producing a superior transfer rate of electrons and lithium ions . Hence, the NS-sCF x cathode material possesses excellent electrochemical properties , large specific capacity, high-rate performance, high power density, and no initial voltage delay. The Li/NS-sCF x battery delivers a specific capacity of 590.4 mAh·g −1 with a voltage plateau of 1.997 V at 20 C without initial voltage delay, corresponding to a power density is 35946 W kg −1 . Extraordinarily, an ultra-high power density of up to 107100 W kg −1 at 70 C is achieved without significantly initial voltage delay. This study reveals the functional mechanism of NS-co-doping and defluorination to improve the electrochemical performance of NS-sCF x material, which can be used as a reference for the design and development of related electrode materials .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2015
·Vol. 162
·期 4
·C197
·
IF 3.266
Gong Chen,Zhongning Shi,Jiangyu Yu,Junli Xu,Xianwei Hu,Zhaowen Wang,Bingliang Gao
The passivation of a graphite electrode in LiF–KF molten salt at 773 K was studied using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The anodic cyclic voltammogram showed that there are two oxidation current peaks at approximately 1.2 and 4.8 V vs. Pt quasi-reference electrode. We confirmed that carbon fluoride compounds are formed at the first current peak, while the last current peak was predominantly attributed to F2 evolution. The surfaces of the anodes used for electrolysis were analyzed at the potential of 1.0 V by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and the anode atmosphere during the experiments was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results show that solid carbon fluoride compounds were formed in the graphite surface and no trace of gaseous carbon fluoride was detected. In addition, the active–passive transition of graphite electrode was observed in the EIS spectra recorded at 1.5 V. We confirmed the reason for the passivation of a graphite anode in LiF–KF molten salt: the formed carbon fluoride compounds layer blocks the transmission of F− anion from the electrolyte to the graphite electrode.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Environmental Science-Nano
·
2024
·Vol. 11
·期 3
·881-888
·
IF 5.8
Yingkang Chen,Cheng-Wei Kao,Tao Luo,Hang Zhang,Yan Long,Junwei Fu,Zhang Lin,Liyuan Chai,Ting-Shan Chan,Min Liu
Tetrafluoromethane (CF4), as the simplest and most abundant perfluorocarbon in the atmosphere, is listed in the ‘United Nations Framework Convention on Gases’ for its strong greenhouse potential. With its increasing atmospheric emissions, catalytic hydrolysis of CF4 as a non-toxic by-product method has been extensively studied. However, the highly symmetric and inert structure of CF4 makes it hard to be adsorbed on the catalyst surface. Herein, we developed a protonated sulfate (–HSO4) modified ZrO2 (S-ZrO2) to enhance CF4 adsorption and achieve its complete decomposition at 650 °C, which was superior to common γ-Al2O3. Combining the surface acidity test, in situ infrared spectroscopy and density function theory simulations, we demonstrated that the introduced –HSO4 effectively enhances the Lewis acidity of adjacent Zr sites, which shows strong CF4 adsorption ability and promotes its decomposition.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Lang Bai,Jiangmin Jiang,Xingchen Li,Yuqing Zhang,Lei Zhang,Lingbang Qiu,Libo Wang,Yanhua Cui,Quanchao Zhuang
Fluorinated carbon (CF x ) is considered to be a promising cathode material for lithium primary batteries, which has an ultra-high theoretical energy density of 2180 Wh kg −1 . However, the C-F bonds in CF x materials are strongly covalent, leading to a low intrinsic conductivity and poor electrochenical performance. In this work, a high entropy electrolyte (HE) has proposed to maintain the original discharge platform and exhibit a second discharge voltage platform that appeared around 1.7 V, which effectively improves the specific capacity of Li/CF x batteries (1035 mAh g −1 ). This significant improvement can be attributed to the chelation of the dioxygen atoms in the solvent with the Li + , resulting in the solvated Li + being co-intercalated into the lamellar structure of the graphite. Notably, the Li/CF x batteries in the HE electrolyte exhibit higher specific capacity than the single lithium salt at −40 °C and 80 °C (539 mAh g −1 , 1132 mAh g −1 ). This is mainly due to high entropy changes the point of the electrolyte solidifies, thus avoiding capacity loss caused by solid-phase electrolyte clogging the electrode holes. This work provides an efficient and reliable method for the design of Li/CF x batteries with high specific capacity.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Gaobang Chen,Yong Fan,Tianhui Yu,Muhammad Shoaib,Azim Khan,Yifan Liu,Xian Jian
The practical application of high-rate lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CF x ) primary batteries faces challenge of relatively slow electrode reaction kinetics limited by inert C-F bond and strong polarity. Herein, an effective microwave-induction strategy was developed to regulate C-F bond for 80C high-rate Li/CF x battery with suppressed polarization. The as-mentioned microwave method was carried out in the alcohol-based solvent for uniformly modify CF x , including precise defluorination, C-F bond regulation, surface functional groups and carbon quantum dots. Precise defluorination contains the conversion of C-F bond to semi-ionic C-F bond while preserving C-F 2 and C-F 3 . During the process of C-F bond regulation, hydroxyl groups is grafted onto the surface of CF x to increase the wettability and electronegativity of the electrode. Compared with raw CF x , the Li/CF x batteries using microwave-modified CF x achieved high discharge rate of 80C possessing a high power density of 134.091 kW/kg. In addition, the optimal Li/CF x battery possesses a large specific capacity increase ratio of 142.6 % at 50C. This microwave-induction approach for modifying CF x in ethanol-based solvent provides a facile and effective pathway to design high-rate Li/CF x battery.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Energy Materials
·
2021
·
IF 6.024
Jun Ban,Xingxing Jiao,Yangyang Feng,Jing Xue,Cheng He,Jiangxuan Song
Lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CFx) batteries have received widespread attention due to their high specific energy density. However, the development of Li/CFx primary batteries is seriously hampered owing to the low electrical conductivity and poor wettability against the fluorinated carbon electrolyte. Here, we report a CFx-compatible fluorinated ether-containing electrolyte for all-temperature high-energy-density Li/CFx primary batteries. Specifically, a CFx-philic 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) is introduced to the carbonate-based electrolyte as a cosolvent. Benefiting from the low viscosity and low freezing point of TTE, the conductivity and wettability are drastically improved, contributing to a lowered charge-transfer resistance. Thus, the modified electrolyte with TTE endows Li/CFx batteries with high energy density of 850 Wh kg–1 at 25 °C and 745 Wh kg–1 at 55 °C under the current density of 5000 mA g–1, accompanied by high power density of 9931 and 10046 W kg–1, respectively. Even at the freezing temperature of −50 °C, Li/CFx batteries can still exhibit a high middle value of voltage of 1.91 V, and the discharge capacity is 299 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1. The improvement of electrochemical performance over a wide temperature range from −50 to 55 °C has greatly expanded the application of Li/CFx batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
·
2025
·
IF 4.9
Liangxue Bao,Congping Xu,Ruding Zhang,Hongjun Yue
With the increasing demand of high energy and power density for energy storage devices, aqueous zinc-based batteries with high safety and low-cost battery system, have attracted wide attention due to their inherent advantages. Herein, for the first time, fluorinated carbon (CF 0.95 ) materials are reported as cathodes for alkaline zinc batteries and exhibit unprecedented power and energy density. The results show that the material exhibits a very high specific capacity of 703.5 mAh/g as well as an ultrahigh energy density up to 795.5 Wh/kg at a current rate of 50 mA/g (0.071C). Besides, it still holds high capacity of 416.7 mAh/g when discharged at a rate of 50000 mA/g (71C), indicating an outstanding power performance of 25066.0 W/kg. The corresponding capacity can even reach to 170.6 mAh/g, 706 mAh/g and 562.6 mAh/g when it is evaluated at a current rate 0.71C under −20 °C, 0 °C and 50 °C respectively. Finally, electrochemical discharge mechanism based on the conversion reaction is also further uncovered by XRD and SEM characterization and EDS elemental analysis. In conclusion, the alkaline Zn/CF x new-type primary battery systems with excellent properties developed here might show broad application prospects.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GIANT
·
2024
·
IF 5.4
Ziyue Zhao,Lingchen Kong,Jinxu Sun,Yu Li,Wei Feng
Fluorinated carbon (CF x ) compounds have extensive applications in lithium primary battery cathodes owing to their high energy density. In this investigation, a novel CF x compound offering superior electrochemical properties was synthesized via a low-temperature fluorination process, utilizing Pluronic F127 as a template agent and microporous carbon spheres produced through soft template-assisted high-temperature carbonization and chemical activation as precursors, and by regulating the amount of soft template F127 added. The reduction in microsphere size, narrower particle size distribution, and introduction of defects contribute to augmenting the molar ratio of F to C (F/C) of CF x while preserving the electrochemical activity of C-F bonds. The specific capacity of fluorinated polymer-derived microporous carbon spheres (FPMCSs) with a high fluorination degree rivals that of commercial fluorinated graphite (FG). The microsphere morphology and microporous structure not only furnish abundant sites for fluorination reactions in electrode processes but also facilitate Li + diffusion, ensuring ample rate capability. The synthesized FPMCSs exhibited a peak specific capacity of 1079 mAh g –1 and a maximum energy density of 2679 Wh kg –1 (substantially surpassing the 2180 Wh kg –1 of commercial FG). Hence, the prepared FPMCSs underscore the significance of selecting suitable carbonaceous materials and designing structures deliberately, showing promising potential for achieving high energy density in CF x cathodes in the future, employing readily available and cost-effective raw materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CARBON
·
2021
·
IF 9.594
Mingsheng Xu,Chen Dong,Jiahui Xu,Sajid ur Rehman,Qiyang Wang,Vladimir Yu Osipov,Kai Jiang,Junfeng Wang,Hong Bi
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent optical properties , especially in the tunable photoluminescence (PL) (including fluorescence, delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence) and high photostability. However, the thermal stimuli-responsive PL from CDs based materials is still rare reported so far. In this work, we report a facile, large-scale synthesis of a polymer nanocomposite containing fluorinated carbon dots (FCDs) by using a commercial, water-soluble polymer carboxyl methyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa) as a stabilizing matrix. The as-synthesized FCDs-CMCNa shows both solid-state fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). More interestingly, with temperature decreasing from 300 to 90 K, the FCDs-CMCNa presents a peculiar temperature-sensitive optical property that its fluorescence/phosphorescence intensity both increase with temperature decreasing to a turning point of 150 K and then decline gradually as temperature decreasing to 90 K. This peculiar temperature-sensitive optical property of FCDs-CMCNa can be applied in advanced anti-counterfeiting, information encryption and thermo-sensitive sensors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 8.4
Ziheng Li,Tiantian Li,Wenji Zheng,Xiangcun Li,Jiadong Zhu,Miao Yu,Xiaobin Jiang,Xuemei Wu,Gaohong He,Jianjun Zhang
The perfluorocarbons (PFCs), such as CF 4 , serving as crucial plasma etching gases, have caused a significant threat to the global greenhouse effect. Therefore, the enrichment and recycling of CF 4 is particularly important. However, since the CF 4 /N 2 mixture used for plasma etching with CF 4 content lower than 10 vol %, it is urgently necessary to develop N 2 -preferred transmissible membranes. Herein, cyclic crown ethers with hollow cavity were proposed to be encapsulated within ZIF-7 cages to sieving N 2 and CF 4 by “window-cage dual sieving”, while minimizing the sacrifice of N 2 permeance. Specifically, due to its larger size than the window size of ZIF-7, 15-crown-5 (15C5) was physically restricted into ZIF-7 cages, achieving permanent size sieving. As characterized by TEM and BET results, with the 15C5 modification ratio increasing, the ZIF-7 cage size was tuned from 0.46 nm to 0.43 nm, leading to improved N 2 /CF 4 selectivity. Meanwhile, the ether-oxygen bonding of 15C5 enhanced the interfacial compatibility between the 6FDA-DAM polymer matrix and ZIF-7, improving the filler loading as high as 50 wt%. The resultant 15C5 3 @ZIF-7/PI MMMs at filler loading of 40 wt% achieved N 2 permeability and N 2 /CF 4 ideal selectivity of up to 83.2 Barrer and 6.79, which were improved by 253.0 % and 223.3 %, compared to the pure PI membrane. Together with the good long-term stability and mechanical properties, 15C5@ZIF-7/PI MMMs provide a bright prospect in the membrane based recovery of PFCs for industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
·
2023
·Vol. 120
·期 52
·e2312480120
·
IF 11.1
Yingkang Chen,Wenqiang Qu,Tao Luo,Hang Zhang,Junwei Fu,Hongmei Li,Changxu Liu,Dengsong Zhang,Min Liu
Tetrafluoromethane (CF4), the simplest perfluorocarbons, is a permanently potent greenhouse gas due to its powerful infrared radiation adsorption capacity. The highly symmetric and robust C–F bond structure makes its activation a great challenge. Herein, we presented an innovated approach that efficiently activates C–F bond utilizing protonated sulfate (–HSO4) modified Al2O3@ZrO2 (S-Al2O3@ZrO2) catalyst, resulting in highly efficient CF4 decomposition. By combining in situ infrared spectroscopy tests and density function theory simulations, we demonstrate that the introduced –HSO4 proton donor has a stronger interaction on the C–F bond than the hydroxyl (–OH) proton donor, which can effectively stretch the C–F bond for its activation. Consequently, the obtained S-Al2O3@ZrO2 catalyst achieved a stable 100% CF4 decomposition at a record low temperature of 580 °C with a turnover frequency value of ~8.3 times higher than the Al2O3@ZrO2 catalyst without –HSO4 modification, outperforming the previously reported results. This work paves a new way for achieving efficient C–F bond activation to decompose CF4 at a low temperature.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
催化化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）