Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B
·
2024
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·189-202
·
IF 1.4
Du M.-R.,Chen Y.-H.,Cao W.,Wang R.-S.,Hu S.-S.,Wang T.-Z.,Chen Z.-F.
Abstract In order to achieve emulsion explosives with high power and good thermal stability, an emulsion explosive containing TiH 2 with varying particle sizes was developed, and its properties were determined through experimental analysis. The results of detonation velocity experiments revealed that the incorporation of TiH 2 reduces the detonation velocity, with the degree of reduction being dependent on the particle size of TiH 2 . Specifically, when the particle size of TiH 2 is 44, 30, and 10 μm, the detonation velocity decreases by 5.8, 3.9, and 3.0%, respectively. Furthermore, experiments on explosion heat and brisance showed that TiH 2 improves the heat of detonation and brisance of the explosives. Specifically, when the particle sizes of TiH 2 are 44, 30, and 10 μm, the heat of detonation increases by 4.1, 4.5, and 5.0%, respectively, and the brisance increases by 15.3, 16.6, and 19.1%, respectively. Additionally, TG-DTG experiments revealed that while TiH 2 does not affect the thermal decomposition characteristics of the emulsified matrix, it does impact its apparent activation energy. Specifically, when the particle size of TiH 2 is 44 μm, the apparent activation energy is reduced by approximately 21.0%. When the particle size is 30 μm, the apparent activation energy remains largely unaffected. However, when the particle size is 10 μm, the apparent activation energy increases by approximately 41.5%.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2022
·Vol. 48
·期 3
·e202200277
·
IF 2.134
Yang-Fan Cheng,Yu-Le Yao,Dan-Yi Li,Zi-Han Li,Ying-Kang Yao
To study the effects of boron powders on the detonation performance of emulsion explosives, the explosion temperature field, shock wave parameters and explosion heat of emulsion explosives were studied. The differences of boron powders with and without microcapsule cladding on improving the explosion performance were also discussed. Experimental results showed that, when the mass ratio of boron powders increased from 0 to 20 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of boron-containing emulsion explosives increased at first and then decreased. When the content of boron powders was 16 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosives reached their maximum values of 2521 K, 0.0385 MPa, 7.11 Pa ⋅ s and 6335 kJ/kg, which were 22.2 %, 30.1 %, 43.0 % and 42.1 % higher than those of the pure emulsion explosive (Sample A), respectively. Furthermore, the explosion temperature, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosive with boron powder-microcapsule (Sample B5) were up to 2648 K, 7.65 Pa ⋅ s and 6694 kJ/kg, increased by 5.0 %, 7.6 % and 5.7 % when compared with those of emulsion explosive with 16 mass % boron powders (Sample B3). Therefore, micro-encapsulation technology could improve the detonation performance of boron-containing emulsion explosives, which would be helpful to the formula design of high energy emulsion explosives.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
爆炸力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SENSORS
·
2019
·Vol. 19
·期 10
·2407
·
IF 3.031
Guanshun Xie,Bingxin Liu
Developing sensing materials for military explosives and improvised explosive precursors is of great significance to maintaining homeland security. 5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (Aphen)-modified TiO2nanospheres are prepared though coordination interactions, which broaden the absorption band edge of TiO2and shift it to the visible region. A sensor array based on an individual TiO2/Aphen sensor is constructed by regulating the excitation wavelength (365 nm, 450 nm, 550 nm). TiO2/Aphen shows significant response to nitroaromatic explosives since the Aphen capped on the surface of TiO2can chemically recognize and absorb nitroaromatic explosives by the formation of the corresponding Meisenheimer complex. The photocatalytic mechanism is proved to be the primary sensing mechanism after anchoring nitroaromatic explosives to TiO2. The fingerprint patterns obtained by combining kinetics and thermodynamics validated that the single TiO2/Aphen sensor can identify at least six nitroaromatic explosives and improvised explosives within 8 s and the biggest response reaches 80%. Furthermore, the TiO2/Aphen may allow the contactless detection of various explosives, which is of great significance to maintaining homeland security.Keywords:Aphen;TiO2;sensor array;nitroaromatic explosives
研究领域:
材料科学
·
传感技术
·
安全科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Energetic Materials
·
2024
·
IF 1.7
Shijiao Li,Kai Han,Haoxing Cao,Fubing Gao,Yurong Zhang,Handong Shi,Xiaoying Cheng,Chongwei An,Jingyu Wang
Using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) aqueous solution and polyethyleneimine (PEI) ethanol solution as the composite bonding system, adding a certain amount of silicone defoamer and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), studied the micro-size charge forming effect of sub-micron Octogen (HMX)-based composite ink under the 3D direct writing printing process and the detonation performance and safety of sub-micron Octogen (HMX) under micro-size charges. The results show that the explosive ink with a solid content (quality score) of 90% has the best rheological properties, excellent printability, and the surface of the molded sample is smooth. The impact energy and friction of the molded sample are 7 J and 324 N, respectively, which are lower than those of the raw material HMX 100% and 237.5%, showing excellent mechanical sensitivity safety performance. In addition, XRD and FTIR show that the HMX crystal form in the composite ink remains β-type, the measured density of the molded sample is 1.432 g·cm−1, the detonation velocity is 6982 m·s−1, and the critical detonation size is 1 × 0.0771 mm, showing excellent microchannel detonation performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2018
·
IF 6.042
Zhenyang Xie,Huilin Ge,Jiayan Du,Tao Duan,Guangcheng Yang,Yi He
We report a visual colorimetric assay for detection of nitramine explosives such as 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) using a smartphone. This assay is based on compartmentalizing incompatible tandem reactions in Pickering emulsions. The alkaline hydrolysis of RDX or HMX in one Pickering emulsion produces nitrite ions, which autodiffuse into the other Pickering emulsion to form nitrous acid. It oxidizes the 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate yellow TMB diimine. The RGB component change of the optical images is applied to quantitatively determine the RDX and HMX at different reaction temperatures. A distinct color change occurs at RDX and HMX concentrations of 1.2 and 12 μM, respectively. The adjusted intensity increases linearly with the increase of the logarithms of the concentrations of RDX and HMX in the range of 1.2–90 μM and 12–90 μM, respectively. The limits of detection of RDX and HMX are 96 and 110 nM, respectively. Importantly, this assay is employed for the detection of RDX and HMX in real water, proving the applicability of the assay in real-world samples.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2019
·Vol. 139
·期 2
·999-1006
·
IF 2.471
Xie Xing-Hua,Feng Yu-Qing,Liu Shang-Hao,Zhu Jing
Emulsion explosives (EE) are one of a typical industrial explosive that is widely used in engineering and mining applications due to its high detonation performance and ideal safety characteristics. However, since an EE is a multicomponent mixture with an oil-in-water structure, the presence of some substances or impurities can reduce the safety of the EE and cause accidents. We investigated the influence of ferrous ion on the thermal behavior and stability of EE during production and storage. The thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry and water solubility method were selected for the assessment of thermal behavior and stability of the EE. According to kinetic parameters, the apparent activation energy ( E a ) of the EE and the EE with ferrous ion additives was determined. The results indicated that ferrous ion could decrease the thermal decomposition temperature and E a of EE. Moreover, the degree of crystallization of ammonium nitrate increases as storage time and ferrous ion content increases. It is of important significance to reduce the hazards of the EE and to improve both safety and stability during production and storage.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
安全科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Energetic Materials Frontiers
·
2023
·
IF 0
Shao-cong Deng,Ya-jun Luo,Yan-zhou Qu,Xin-ru Yang,Zhi-jian Yang,Xu Zhao,Yi-ding Liu,Fu-de Nie
To improve the mechanical properties of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine (TATB)-based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs), four kinds of polythiourea binders, namely the polyetherthiourea (P1), aliphatic polythiourea (P2), aromatic polythiourea (P3) and silane polythiourea (P4), were prepared and used in the PBXs. These four polythioureas were synthesized via the copolymerization of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) and diamines with various structures under mild conditions. They were then characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The interfacial binding energy between polythioureas and TATB was calculated via molecular dynamics simulations. The tensile and compression mechanical properties of various PBXs (PBX-P n , n = 1–4) were studied through Brazilian and compression tests and were then compared with those of the PBX with a conventional fluoro polymer binder (PBX-FP). The results show that the PBX-P1 possessed the strongest interfacial interaction energy and the best mechanical properties among all the prepared PBXs. Its Brazilian strength and strain was 11.0 MPa and 0.56%, which was 89% and 256% higher than those of the PBX-FP with the same binder proportion, respectively. Furthermore, PBX-P1 showed excellent compression mechanical properties, with a compression strength of 40.7 MPa and a compression strain of 3.53%. Moreover, its Brazilian and compression fracture energy was 600% and 101% higher than those of PBX-FP, respectively, which was beneficial for improving the PBX stability. The results of this study provide a new idea for designing TATB-based PBX with improved mechanical properties using polyetherthiourea binders.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
Energetic Materials Frontiers
·
2022
·
IF 0
Tian-yang Hou,Ze Xu,Xiao-peng Zhang,Yuan-gang Xu,Ming Lu
This study effectively synthesized N , N '-(diazene-1,2-diylbis(5-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ][1,3,5]triazine-2,7-diyl)) dinitramide ( 3 ) by using 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole as a starting material combining hydrogen bonds (HBs) and strong π-π stacking interaction between layers. Moreover, two fused rings were linked by an azo group to expand the conjugated compound, resulting in a shorter interlayer distance. The new compound and its energetic salts ( 4 – 6 ) were fully characterized through elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The heats of formation and detonation properties of these compounds were calculated using Gaussian 09 and EXPLO5, respectively. The calculated results show that compounds 3 – 6 have both low impact and friction sensitivities (IS > 40 J; FS > 360 N) and favorable densities and detonation properties ( ρ : 1.81–1.96 g·cm −3 ; v D : 7965–8248 m·s −1 ; p: 24.9–31.4 GPa). Therefore, they are promising candidates for high-energy and insensitive explosives.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
Defence Technology
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Ting Liu,Jian Wang,Jie Chen,Cui Nie,Yaofeng Mao,Jun Wang,Ruolei Zhong,Wei Cao,Fude Nie
Aluminum (Al) powder is widely applied in thermobaric explosives due to its high energy density and favorable reaction kinetics. However, the inert oxide layer (Al 2 O 3 ) on Al particles limits combustion reactivity and energy efficiency. Fluoride-based surface modification has been developed as an effective approach to address this issue. Here, four classical fluoropolymers (F11, F14, PVDF, PTFE) are employed as coatings to prepare core-shell Al/Fluoropolymer. The combustion experimental results demonstrate that the core-shell Al/PTFE exhibits the highest flame propagation rate (52.88 mm·ms -1 ) and pressure output (109.02 kPa) performance. Consequently, core-shell Al/PTFE is selected as a high-energy fuel to prepare RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres via the emulsion and solvent evaporation method, which can enhance the energy performance of RDX. The effects of the core-shell Al/PTFE ratio and RDX content on the combustion heat and pressure output are systematically investigated. The peak pressure reaches a maximum of 187.8 kPa when the mass ratio of RDX, Al, and PTFE is 60: 25: 10. Additionally, RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres exhibit significantly higher laser-induced air shock velocities, detonation heat, and detonation pressure than those of pure RDX and RDX/Al. The mechanism underlying the enhanced reactivity and energetic performance is attributed to the ability of PTFE to etch the inert Al 2 O 3 shell on the surface of Al particles, thereby improving post-combustion reactions and significantly increasing the overall energy output of RDX explosives. This work offers a novel design strategy for high-energy structural thermobaric explosives for the practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Haibin Xu,Chang Xu,Yuting Zheng,Dezhi Zhang,Haomiao Zhang,Jingdai Wang,Yongrong Yang
We present a continuous flow strategy for synthesizing a high-purity primary explosive, silver acetylide-silver nitrate (SASN), using a 3D-printed acetylene bubble generator coupled with a vibration device and a coiled tubular reactor. The mass transfer enhancement by the active mixing provided by vibration and Dean vortices in the coiled reactor mitigates the deposition of SASN particles on the reactor walls. We obtain high-purity SASN products by optimizing the reactor configuration and process conditions. SEM analysis indicates bulbous-shape SASN particles with 150–300 nm size in acetonitrile; DSC analysis reveals three main peaks between 180–230 °C and facilitates the evaluation of activation energies using the Ozawa method. The as-synthesized SASN exhibits excellent sensitivities as compared with other primary explosives. This gas–liquid-solid flow approach is effectively and safely scaled up by increasing the volumetric flowrate under fixed reaction time and can be readily extrapolated to other continuous syntheses with solids generation.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Particuology
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Chen Dong,Yi Wang,Kanghui Jia,Dan Song,Xiaolan Song,Chongwei An
Boron nanoparticles , with their remarkably high gravimetric and volumetric calorific values, emerge as the most promising fuel in energetic fields. However, challenges such as susceptibility to oxidation , high ignition temperature , and low combustion efficiency have constrained their further applications. In this study, we fabricated high explosives based nano-boron microspheres with uniform size using the electrostatic spray method, in which the boron nanoparticles and high explosives (CL-20 or PETN) are closely bonded together by fluorinated polymer (F 2602 ) and evenly distributed. The results indicated that the microspheres exhibited high sphericity and showed an enhanced antioxidant capability. The addition of high-energy explosives not only reduced the thermal oxidation temperature of nano-boron powder within the microspheres but also significantly enhanced the pressurization rate. Additionally, the microspheres with added high-energy explosives released more energy during the combustion process. Compared to physically mixed samples, electrostatically sprayed microspheres with a uniform microstructure still exhibited higher reactivity. Therefore, the design and synthesis of microspheres with controllable structures using the electrostatic spray method show promising application prospects.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 26
·17834-17841
·
IF 3.9
Ruihao Wang,Lanting Yang,Zhenwei Zhang,Wenkui Song,Dunju Wang,Changping Guo
Composite explosives with fast reaction rate, high energy release efficiency, and remarkable combustion performance can be obtained by the interaction between homogeneous energetic materials and heterogeneous energetic materials and have broad application prospects. However, ordinary physical mixtures can easily cause separation between the components in the preparation process, which is not conducive to reflecting the advantages of composite materials. In this study, high-energy composite structured explosives with RDX modified by polydopamine as the core and PTFE/Al as the shell were prepared using a simple ultrasonic method. The study of morphology, thermal decomposition, heat release, and combustion performance demonstrated that the quasi-core/shell structured samples have higher exothermic energy, faster combustion rate, more stable combustion characteristics, and lower mechanical sensitivity than the physical mixture.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与爆炸学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）