Xie S. D.,Cai X. Y.,Wu H. B.,Wang Q.,Guo Z. R.,Chen Z. Y.,Ma C. S.
To study the effect of internal particle size on the microstructure properties and thermal decomposition characteristics of site mixed emulsion explosive at different altitudes. Site mixed emulsion explosive was prepared with different shear rate. The particle size, viscosity, sensitized bubbles, detonation velocity and peak pressure of the emulsion explosive were tested after stored at different simulated altitudes. The thermal decomposition characteristics of emulsion matrix prepared at three different rotational speeds were measured by thermogravimetric analyzer and kinetic analysis was performed by non-isothermal model Kissinger–Akah–Sunose (KAS) method. The results show that with the increase in altitude, the internal phase size showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the number of sensitized bubbles within the emulsion explosive decreases. At an altitude of 0 m, the detonation velocity and peak overpressure of the emulsion explosive prepared by 1600 r min −1 increased 4.78% and 29.09%, respectively compared with 1200 r min −1 , and at an altitude of 4500 m, the detonation velocity increased 11.87%, the peak overpressure increased 43.98%. The thermal decomposition activation energy of the emulsion matrix at 1600 r min −1 increased 13.14% compared to 1200 r min −1 . It shows that in the production of site mixed emulsion explosive at high altitude, reducing the particle size of the internal phase of emulsion explosives in a certain range can effectively improve the performance of emulsion explosives.
Recent studies highlight the potential of nitrogen-rich, high-energy coordination polymers (CPs) for the development of next-generation energetic materials. Compared to traditional organic explosives, they provide improved density, sensitivity, oxygen balance, and heat of detonation. However, the tuning of high-energy CPs with respect to their energetic properties and the decoding of their structure–function relationship are still in the nascent phase. This work highlights the role of coordination polymerization in tailoring key energetic and physicochemical properties, including density, mechanical insensitivity, and thermal stability. Purine (a naturally occurring and widely available ligand) was used to synthesize two energetic coordination polymers (ECPs): ECP-1 [Ag(L1)(ClO4)2]n and ECP-2 [Ag(L2)(NO3)2]n. Crystal structure analysis revealed that ECP-1 forms a wavelike three-dimensional network, while ECP-2 exhibits a solvent-free compact lamellar 3D structure. Both ECPs exhibit excellent thermal stability (Td = 320.4–405.2 °C) with significantly improved densities (2.36–2.37 g cm−3), acceptable detonation velocities (6707–7691 m s−1) and detonation pressures (22.5–32 GPa), while being insensitive to mechanical stimuli (IS = 40 J; FS = 360 N). Additionally, this study provides a pathway for synthesizing novel ECPs based on naturally occurring ligands with dual structures, promoting a balance between energetic performance and safety while offering versatile functionality.
Penglin Kang,Changgui Song,Jinbo Guo,Yuan Lai,Xiangru Li,Leixin Hou,Wenjie Liu,Xiaodong Li
To achieve a synergistic enhancement of both energy output and safety performance in metal powder-based high-energy materials, this study employed coaxial focusing droplet technology to fabricate HMX/TiH 2 /F composite microspheres. The influence of dispersed phase concentration on microsphere morphology and particle size was systematically investigated. HMX/F and HMX/Ti/F microspheres, prepared using the same method, served as control groups for analyzing crystal structure and functional group composition. Results indicated that all three types of microspheres retained their original chemical structures. Performance tests revealed that HMX/TiH 2 /F microspheres achieved a favorable balance between thermal stability and reactivity, with thermal safety significantly improved compared to the control samples. Specifically, its impact sensitivity increased by 8 J and 13 J compared to HMX/F and HMX/Ti/F, respectively; friction sensitivity increased by 164 N and 228 N; and electrostatic accumulation was reduced by 1.46 and 16.40 nC, respectively, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrostatic safety. Combustion and detonation tests further demonstrated that HMX/TiH 2 /F microspheres exhibited the most intense combustion flame. The ignition delay time was reduced by 67.48 ms and 26.20 ms compared to HMX/F and HMX/Ti/F, respectively, and the combustion duration was shortened by 0.51 s and 0.42 s. Meanwhile, HMX/TiH 2 /F composite microspheres still maintained a high energy output, and the measured detonation velocity was 7685.7 m/s, which was 149.99 m/s higher than that of HMX/Ti/F. These findings indicate that the incorporation of TiH 2 facilitates the coordinated optimization of high-energy materials with respect to both safety and energetic performance, demonstrating promising application potential.
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