Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Jianyong Che,Wenjuan Zhang,Shuyue Feng,Yian Zuo,Chengyan Wang
Mechanochemistry has rapidly advanced as an effective method for recovering metals from hazardous wastes due to its mild reaction conditions, while understanding the underlying mechanisms remains a significant challenge. This work investigates the mechanochemical reduction of lead compounds using iron powder at room temperature , focusing on physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance. Notable transformations were observed in the crystal structures, morphologies, and thermal stability of PbSO 4 and PbCl 2 . Electrochemical tests indicated enhanced redox reactivity, decreased reduction potential, and reduced charge transfer impedance after mechanochemical treatment . Additionally, the reduction of PbSO 4 proved more challenging than PbCl 2 under the same conditions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the management of toxic lead waste and improve the understanding of the mechanochemical effects on redox reactions , with important implications for environmental applications.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2022
·
IF 8.907
Fei Yang,Huan Zhou,Jie Hu,Shuai Ji,Changgan Lai,Helin Wang,Jian Sun,Lixu Lei
During deep charge-discharge cycling of lead-acid batteries, the compact PbSO 4 layer on the negative electrode surface blocks the ion transport channels, limiting the mass transfer process. In this study, to enhance the electrochemical characteristics of lead-acid batteries, thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 with a high aspect ratio were prepared and used as negative electrode material. During the formation process, thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 increased the pore diameter and the total pore volume of the negative electrode. For the charge-discharge process, this provided enhanced ion transport channels, which improved the utilization rate of the negative active material (NAM) and rate performance of batteries. Under a current density of 100 mA g −1 and 100% depth of discharge (DOD), the specific discharge capacity of thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 batteries reached 110 mAh g −1 , and the batteries still maintained >70% of the maximum specific capacity after 1200 cycles. When the capacity decayed to 80% of the maximum specific capacity, the cycle life of thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 batteries was 64% higher than that of the nearly spherical PbSO 4 batteries. Owing to the thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 significantly changing the pore structure of the electrode and enhancing the mass transfer process, the irreversible sulfation of the negative electrode was inhibited, and the cycle life of the lead-acid battery effectively extended.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
·
电池技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2023
·Vol. 27
·期 10
·2593-2606
·
IF 2.5
Li Er-Mei,Zhu Li,Li Chao-Xiong,Shi Ling-Jun,Li Bing,Li Fang,Deng Ning,He Jian-Bo
Stannous sulfate is commonly used as an additive in the positive lead pastes of lead-acid batteries, but its real function and mechanism are still vague and need further study. The present work investigates the intrinsic effects of tin additives on the positive electrode performance under well-controlled experimental conditions. The tin additives are added in three ways: the SnSO 4 dissolved in 4.5 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte, the metal Sn melted in metal Pb substrate, and the SnSO 4 mixed in homemade industrial lead pastes. A series of evolutions are clearly revealed in structure, composition, and redox activity of the positive active materials with the content of Sn. Both the SnSO 4 in the electrolyte and in the positive lead pastes have a significant inhibiting effect on the transformation between PbSO 4 and PbO 2 , leading to a decrease in the charge/discharge capacities with increasing content of SnSO 4 . A similar but weaker inhibiting effect was also found for the Sn melted in the Pb-Sn alloys. The SnSO 4 has a significant enhancement effect on the grain size of PbSO 4 /PbO 2 , which increases the resistance of the solid-phase transformation deep inside the grains during the charge/discharge. All these results do not support the use of SnSO 4 in the positive pastes of lead-acid batteries. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 2.6
Zhang Yuli,Hou Yujie,Nie Liu,Guo Zhiliang,Lai Changgan,Ji Shuai,Zhang Donghuai,Zhang Yifan,Lei Lixu
Agglomerated nanorods of lead phosphate have been synthesized from the reaction of lead acetate prepared from waste lead paste and Na 2 HPO 4 , which is used as an additive for the PbSO 4 -negative electrode of a lead-acid cell. It has been found that lead phosphate can be all converted to lead sulfate in 36 wt.% sulfuric acid electrolyte and generate phosphoric acid, and the negative active material containing 1 wt.% lead phosphate discharges a capacity of 111 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 till 1.75 V; it still discharges 78 mAh g −1 after 1200 cycles, which is 10.1% higher than the blank PbSO 4 electrode. It is believed that phosphoric acid could remove the non-conductive oxide on the lead alloy grid; thus, a better conductive network could be built. Also, phosphoric acid is adsorbed on PbSO 4 particles, which can improve the reversibility of the electrode and diminish the shedding of PbSO 4 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2016
·Vol. 20
·期 8
·2267-2273
·
IF 2.327
Zhang Ke,Liu Wei,Ma Beibei,Mezaal Mohammed Adnan,Li Guanghua,Zhang Rui,Lei Lixu
Lead sulfate is produced when a lead acid battery discharges, and it is also known that big PbSO 4 crystals are less active than the smaller ones because they dissolve slower, thus result in failure of the battery. However, little is known if chemically prepared PbSO 4 can be used as active material of lead acid batteries. Here, we report the preparation of PbSO 4 by facile chemical precipitation of aqueous lead acetate with sodium sulfate and its utilization as the positive active material. The results show that the PbSO 4 alone is not good enough for the purpose, but its mixtures with Pb 3 O 4 are as excellent as the industrial leady oxide. For example, the mixtures containing 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of Pb 3 O 4 discharge 78.2, 92.9, 88.0, and 91.5 mAh g −1 at a current density of 100 mA g −1 , respectively. Also, the one with 10 % Pb 3 O 4 remains 93 % capacity in 150, 100 % DOD cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Royal Society Open Science
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 7
·
IF 2.515
Myonghak Kim,Mungi Kim,Cholnam Ri,Songchol Jong,Ilman Pak,Ganghyok Kim,Mun Ri
Tetrabasic lead sulfate (4BS) was used as a positive active material additive for lead-acid batteries, which affirmatively affected the performance of the battery. Herein, tetrabasic lead sulfate was synthesized from scrap lead paste that was formed through the production process of the lead-acid batteries. This solves the disposing problem of the scrap lead paste that is challenging in the production of the lead-acid batteries. Scrap lead paste was first pre-treated and the 4BS with high purity and crystalline was synthesized by sintering at the temperature of 450°C and hold time of 7 h. As demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy test and Material Studio software calculation, the purity of synthesized 4BS is higher than 98 wt%, small particles have pillar forms and are evenly distributed. Moreover, the synthesized 4BS of 1 wt% was added to the positive lead paste and then valve-regulated lead-acid battery was made after the pasting, curing and formation processes. The effectiveness of the lead-acid batteries after adding 4BS as crystal seeds was evaluated, and the 100% charge–discharge cycle life of the new battery (523 times) was about 1.4 times higher than that of general lead-acid batteries (365 times).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 7.336
Zhengyang Chen,Jiangmin Li,Jiajia Yu,Lei Wu,Shengquan Zhou,Yanzhao Rao,Jing Cao
Aluminum sulfate is inexpensive, non-toxic and non-hazardous and has the potential to become an ideal electrolyte additive for lead-acid batteries. This paper investigates in depth on the effect of electrolyte additives in lead-acid batteries under high rate charging and discharging conditions. This research work proves that aluminum sulfate in the electrolyte can affect the rapid accumulation of lead sulfate formation and growth in high rate charging and discharging process and then significantly inhibit sulfation, which reduces the internal resistance of the electrode plate and substantially improves the electrochemical performance of the battery . The high-rate partial charge state (1C charging and discharging rate) cycle (HRPSoC) life (8003 times) of the battery with aluminum sulfate additive is 13 times that of the blank battery. The battery test results show that the battery has excellent performance in charge acceptance test and constant voltage and constant current polarization test. We also found aluminum sulfate could repair the spent batteries effectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2021
·
IF 3.882
Yichen Xing,Xiaoxiao Chen,Boxing Jin,Piaopiao Chen,Chaobiao Huang,Zhigang Jin
Kanamycin (Kana) is widely used as a veterinary medicine and its abuse causes a serious threat to human health, raising the urgent demand for detection of residual Kana in animal-derived food with high specificity and sensitivity. Here, we developed a photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for rapid quantification of Kana, with lead sulfide quantum dots/titanium dioxide nanoparticles (PbS QDs/TiO2 NPs) as a photosensitive composite, a Kana-specific DNA aptamer as a functional sensor, and ruthenium(III) hexaammine (Ru(NH3)63+) as a signal booster. To prepare the PEC aptasensor, TiO2 NPs, PbS QDs, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were respectively used to modify the indium tin oxide electrode, and then the amine-terminated aptamer probe was connected to the PEI via glutaraldehyde. Finally, Ru(NH3)63+ was attached on the surface of the aptamer to increase the photocurrent intensity. When Kana binds competitively with Ru(NH3)63+ to the aptamer immobilized on the surface of the aptasensor, Ru(NH3)63+ will be released from the aptamer, resulting in a decrease of the photocurrent signal. This PEC aptasensor exhibits a good linear relationship between the photocurrent shift and the logarithm of Kana concentration within the range of 1.0–300.0 nmol L–1, and the detection limit is 0.161 nmol L–1. Importantly, the PEC aptasensor presented good detection selectivity owing to specific interaction with Kana and was successfully implemented to quantify Kana in honey and milk, suggesting that the PEC aptasensor has the potential of rapid detection of residual Kana in animal-derived foods.
研究领域:
食品安全检测
·
生物传感技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2023
·
IF 9.4
Fangzhao Pang,Yongxin Wu,Xiaowei Liu,Lei Guo,Shuaibo Gao,Peilin Wang,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin
Lead-acid batteries (LABs) are commonly used in various energy-storage areas, but their lifetime is seriously limited by the corrosion of the positive grids in deep charge-discharge cycles. Among various factors, the composition of grid alloy is key to determining its corrosion behaviors . Herein, PbBaSnAl (PBSA) alloys with different contents of Ba are prepared by using an induction melter in an argon-filled glovebox. The results of electrochemical measurement show that the oxygen evolution potential of PBSA increases from 1.8586 V to 1.8815 V, and the corrosion rate decreases from 0.4949 mg·h −1 ·cm −2 to 0.2211 mg·h −1 ·cm −2 . The results of mechanical tests show that after Ba is added, the strain of the alloy increases and the fracture of the alloy decreases during grid creep. This work provides a promising Ba-containing positive grid alloy instead of the commercial PbCaSnAl (PCSA) grid alloy, which may prolong the service life of LABs and improve the application of LABs in energy storage areas.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 9.3
Hongya Wang,Fengyin Zhou,Bingbing Wang,Muya Cai,Jingjing Zhao,Xinyu Li,Yongxin Wu,Xiaowei Liu,Xiang Chen,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin
The sulfur transfer is key to obtaining greenness of recycling spent lead paste (SLP) since conventional recycling methods always involve generating secondary wastes such as sulfur oxides (SOx), sulfates, and sulfides. To address these challenges, we propose a combined process in which the SLP is first converted into lead sulfide (PbS) by carbothermic reduction, and then the resultant PbS is split into liquid lead (Pb) and sulfur vapor (Sx) by molten salt electrolysis (MSE). The faradaic efficiency of MSE reaches 92.29% with a Pb recovery rate of 97.85%, and the liquid Pb and gaseous Sx are respectively discharged from the bottom and top of the cell to allow the reaction to happen continuously. Compared with traditional methods, over 98.85% of SO2 emissions are reduced, and no sulfides and sulfates are generated. Furthermore, the energy consumption is only 0.32 kW h (kg-Pb)−1, which demonstrates a 67% reduction compared to mainstream recycling processes using a 50 g-scale electrolyzer. Overall, we offer a clean sulfur transfer route to reduce secondary wastes and energy consumption, which will benefit the recovery and utilization of various sulfate wastes and raw materials with low environmental footprints.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 7.1
Yunyan Wang,Maixin Yu,Yu Liu,Xiaobo Min,Zelong Huang,Cong Peng,Yong Ke,Pingsheng Zeng,Xingwu Lu,Yun Li
At present, lead-containing wastes have increasingly become the raw materials together with primary lead concentrate for lead production to meet the ever-increasing lead demand market. PbSO 4 is the dominant component in the lead-containing wastes, nevertheless, its reaction behavior during lead smelting is not sufficiently investigated. This study investigated PbSO 4 decomposition behaviors and phase transformation mechanisms at oxidizing and reductive atmospheres and various gas flow rates. The investigations reveal that increasing the temperature and decreasing the oxygen partial pressure of the decomposition atmosphere can accelerate PbSO 4 decomposition degree. PbSO 4 decomposition intensity under different atmospheres follows the order of reducing atmosphere > inert atmosphere > oxidizing atmosphere. PbSO 4 decomposition path was identified: at a non-reductive atmosphere, the decomposition of PbSO 4 belongs to a multi-step decomposition process, PbSO 4 gradually decompose into xPbO·PbSO 4 (x = 1, 2, 4 in turn) and finally PbO. At a reductive atmosphere, the multi-step decomposition process was accelerated significantly, at the same time, the reduction decomposition path PbSO 4 → PbS was increasingly dominant with the extension of decomposition time. PbS and Pb were generated successively. Therefore, a suitable reducing atmosphere is suggested to co-smelt PbSO 4 -bearing wastes in primary lead smelting furnace.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Yun Li,Yu Liu,Liyuan Chai,Xin Wang,Dezhou Zhang,Yongming Chen,Yunyan Wang,Shenghai Yang,Yong Ke,Cong Peng,Pingsheng Zeng,Xingwu Lu,Xiaobo Min
PbSO 4 is the main component of lead paste, lead smoke and other lead-containing solid wastes. It usually matches with the primary lead concentrate to co-smelt for lead extraction, mostly in the oxidation smelting stage. The lead waste quickly experiences different temperature and atmosphere fields from feeding the furnace to the completion of the reactions. This work investigated PbSO 4 decomposition kinetic and phase transformation mechanism during lead waste pyrometallurgical recycling. The results show that the activation energy of the decomposition reaction of PbSO 4 at 800 ℃∼1000 ℃ in Ar atmosphere is 121.35 kJ/mol. The PbSO 4 decomposition reaction in Ar and Air is a multi-step decomposition process, which may undergo PbSO 4 → PbO·PbSO 4 → 2PbO·PbSO 4 → 4PbO·PbSO 4 → PbO. PbO is not generated through direct decomposition of PbSO 4 . The results are expected to provide guidance for the lead wastes co-smelting process to achieve a target PbSO 4 decomposition product.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）