Pan Xiaopeng,Luo Huili,Xiang Yuhang,Li Zekun,Zhao Jia
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are toxicants that can disrupt the endocrine system. They have been detected in the soil and agricultural products. Bisphenol substitutes (BPs) are distributed throughout the agricultural water system; however, the current status of these BPs entering the soil from irrigation is unclear. In this study, the association of BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF) in vegetable soils with irrigation water samples was analyzed. Their accumulation, migration, and influencing factors were explored through simulated irrigation and adsorption tests. Significant correlations ( P < 0.01) were observed, indicating that irrigation water was an important source of BPs in soil. Compared with BPS and BPF, BPA accumulated preferentially in the topsoil (10 cm) and continuously increased with irrigation, resulting in an interception ratio of up to 38.07%. Vertical seepage migration was in the order of BPS > BPF > BPA. Acidic soil (pH = 5), high organic matter content (> 32 mg/g), and micro-agglomerates (< 0.053 mm) promoted the adsorption of these BPs and reduced their migration. Understanding the migration of BPs in soil, particularly in a vertical direction, will assist in controlling their migration. It will also help reduce their accumulation, thereby lowering ecological risks.
Jiaqing Huang,Jing Ye,Wenhui Gao,Cenwei Liu,G.W. Price,Yanchun Li,Yixiang Wang
Pyrolytic biochar (PL-BC, pyrochar) and hydrothermal biochar (HT-BC, hydrochar) derived from branches and leaves of tea plants had different pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total carbon nitrogen content, BET surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter, and functional groups. HT-BC had a larger specific surface area and more functional groups than PL-BC. Ralstonia Bcul-1 ( R -B) was the dominant and functional bacteria in a fertilized vegetable soil supplemented with TBB - immobilized R -B (TBB + R -B). R -B vitality was more closely related to BET surface area, total pore volume, and functional groups of tea-based biochar (TBB: PL-BC and HT-BC). R -B was able to maintain high oxidase activity. R -B and TBB + R -B can increase the activities of urease and peroxidase in vegetable soil playing an essential role in the biotransformation of ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N). TBB was able to simultaneously increase the content of NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N, and TBB + R -B also significantly increased NO 3 − -N content but decreased NH 4 + -N content in a fertilized vegetable soil. These results indicated that R -B promoted nitrification in the soil, i.e. conversion of NH 4 + -N into NO 3 − -N, by enhancing the activities of urease and peroxidase. R -B had high adsorption capacity for cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) (Cd&Cr: Cd and Cr). Moreover, TBB + R -B was able to convert weak acid extractable and reducible Cd&Cr into a more stable residual fraction and oxidizable Cd&Cr. The overall effect of the treatments was to reduce plant uptake of Cd&Cr by cabbage. TBB + R -B significantly promoted R -B growth, changed inorganic nitrogen speciation, increased NO 3 − -N supply, reduced Cd&Cr bioavailability, and decreased plant tissue Cd&Cr content.
Huang Jiaqing,Liu Cenwei,Price Gordon W.,Wang Yixiang
Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B isolated from vegetable soil was highly adaptable to Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd). Cd, but not Zn, adversely affected the total protein spectrum and functional groups of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B. Up to 31 metabolic pathways and 216 metabolites of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B were significantly changed by Zn and Cd (Zn&Cd). Some metabolic pathways and metabolites related to functional groups of sulfhydryl (-SH) and amine (-NH-) metabolism were enhanced by Zn&Cd addition. The cellulase activity of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B was up to 8.58 U mL −1 , increased to 10.77 U mL −1 in Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 300 mg L −1 Zn, and maintained at 6.13 U mL −1 in Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 50 mg L −1 Cd. The vegetables’ cellulose content was decreased by 25.05–52.37% and 40.28–70.70% under the action of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B and Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 300 mg L −1 Zn. Those results demonstrated that Zn could significantly enhance cellulase activity and biodegradability of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to vegetable cellulose. Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B can survive in vegetable soil accumulated with Zn&Cd. The tolerance concentration and adsorption capacity of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to Zn were up to 300 mg L −1 and 56.85%, indicating that Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B acting as a thermostability biological agent had an essential advantage in accelerating the degradation of discarded vegetables by Zn and were beneficial to maintain organic matter content of vegetable soil. Graphical Abstract
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）