METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Zhu Liguo,Zhang Zuqing,Kong Lingxin,Wang Chengyuan,Yang Bin,Xu Baoqiang
Ti is produced by the Kroll method, mainly by carbothermic chlorination, magnesiothermic reduction, and vacuum distillation, which result in complex processes, low efficiency, and high cost. Although Ti has many excellent properties, its high production costs limit its widespread applications. There is an urgent need to develop new Ti extraction processes to reduce the cost of Ti production. In this study, we propose a new method for the direct preparation of low-oxygen Ti powder from TiO 2 using Mg as a reducing agent and the formation of CeOCl (2Mg ( l ) + TiO 2 ( s ) + 2CeCl 3 ( l ) = Ti ( s ) + 2CeOCl ( s ) + 2MgCl 2 ( l )). First, a deoxidization experiment of Ti with Mg as a deoxidizer was conducted, and the ability of Mg to deoxidize Ti was demonstrated. At 1273 K, when the activity of CeCl 3 was 1, the oxygen concentrations of Ti-A and Ti-B were 380 and 270 ppm, respectively. Subsequently, the TiO 2 reduction experiment was conducted using Mg as the reducing agent. The results showed that MgO activity was effectively reduced by the formation of CeOCl (MgO( s ) + CeCl 3 ( l ) = MgCl 2 ( l ) + CeOCl( s )). When the system reached the Mg/MgCl 2 /CeOCl/CeCl 3 equilibrium, low-oxygen Ti powder below 1000 ppm was directly produced from TiO 2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2025
·Vol. 172
·期 1
·012505
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IF 3.3
Shangrun Ma,Fuxing Zhu,Lingxin Kong,Liguo Zhu
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in aerospace and ocean engineering because of their excellent properties. Molten salt electrolysis is a cost-effective and efficient method for producing titanium powder. However, titanium powder prepared via this method contains high oxygen levels. To address this issue, a novel approach for producing low-oxygen titanium powder by molten salt electrolysis containing LaCl3 is proposed in this study. Molten salts were selected and their physicochemical properties determined. The density, viscosity, and surface tension of the molten salt increased with LaCl3 content and decreased with increase in temperature in the NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-LaCl3-TiClx molten salt system. For optimal separation of electrolytic products from the molten salt and electrolytic slag, lower LaCl3 content and higher temperatures are recommended. Electrochemical tests revealed that the Ti precipitation reaction was quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled. Finally, molten salt electrolysis experiments were conducted, showing that the oxygen content of the titanium powder decreased with increased temperature, LaCl3 concentration, and electrolysis time. At 4 wt% LaCl3, titanium powder with a low oxygen content of 500 mass ppm oxygen was obtained by electrolysis at 850 °C and 2.5 V for 1 h. This study provides theoretical guidance for the low-cost, short-process preparation of low-oxygen titanium powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2024
·
IF 4.7
Li-guo ZHU,Chong-lin BAI,Ling-xin KONG,Bin YANG,Bao-qiang XU
To reduce the production cost of titanium, a new method for direct preparation of low-oxygen titanium powder by the magnesiothermic reduction of TiO 2 with the assistance of a MgCl 2 -HoCl 3 molten salt was proposed. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the magnesiothermic reduction of TiO 2 was feasible. However, hindrance of the reduction reaction by the reduction by-product of MgO resulted in a considerably high O concentration in the titanium powder. The addition of HoCl 3 to the system significantly reduces the activity of MgO to produce low-oxygen titanium powder. Thermochemical deoxidation and reduction experiments were conducted with MgCl 2 -HoCl 3 molten salt in the temperature range of 1023-1273 K. The results showed that titanium powder with oxygen concentration (mass fraction) below 5.00×10 -4 can be prepared at the Mg-MgCl 2 -HoOCl-HoCl 3 equilibrium.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2020
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IF 4.65
X.Q. Liu,C.J. Li,X. You,Z.Y. Xu,X. Li,R. Bao,J.M. Tao,J.H. Yi
Carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix (CNT/Al) composites with various microstructures were fabricated by powder metallurgy via introducing nano-sized and micron-sized Ti powders into the CNT-Al system. The size-dependent effects of Ti powders on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were further investigated. The results reveal that the best enhancement (∼51% of UTS) was obtained by adding 80 nm sized Ti powders into the CNT/Al composite compared with the composite without Ti addition, which mainly derives from the synergistic strengthening of the homogenously dispersed CNTs, a large quantity of in-situ formed nano-sized TiAl 3 particles and fine grains. Meanwhile, it is also noted that the addition of micron-sized Ti powders can help the CNT dispersion in powder fabrication stage, and subsequently in-situ formed core-shell structured particles with different interface reaction degree in the Al matrix. Among them, 1 μm was determined to be the optimal size of Ti for the maximum formation of core-shell structured particles, which best exploits the load transfer ability of TiAl 3 shell layers at their interfaces, and finally attributes to significant strength enhancement (∼35% of UTS). This research provides a valuable reference concerning the size effects of addition metal in future fabrication of CNTs reinforced metal matrix composites with alternative microstructure.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
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2022
·
IF 3.752
Zhao-wang DONG,Yang XIA,Xue-yi GUO,Qing-hua TIAN,Han-ning LIU,Pei-dong LIU,Yu-bing CHEN
A direct production method of high-strength titanium alloy from upgraded titania slag (UGS) was developed. First, UGS was reduced into alloy powder with 1.3 wt.% oxygen using magnesium powder. Subsequently, the alloy powder was compacted at 600 MPa to produce a pellet. Lastly, the pellet was sintered to produce titanium alloy. The reduced powder was characterized, and the effect arising from the sintering temperature on the sintered density, compressive strength, microstructure, and hardness of the alloys was studied. The results showed that the density tended to increase with the temperature increasing from 900 to 1200 °C, whereas the porosity decreased. A significant sintering densification was achieved at the temperature above 1100 °C (98.65% at 1100 °C and 99.41% at 1200 °C). At 1100 °C, the hardness and compressive strength reached the maximal values of the alloy, HV 655.7 and 1563 MPa, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLID STATE SCIENCES
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Guang Yang,Hengwei Yan,Zhanwei Liu,Wenhui Ma,Shenghui Guo,Yonghui Yang
In this study, aluminothermic reduction and molten salt electrolysis were combined to prepare titanium powder. In this combined method, titanium dioxide was first deoxidized to produce titanium–aluminum alloy through an aluminothermic reduction reaction, and then the titanium–aluminum alloy was separated through chloride molten salt electrolysis to generate titanium powder. The obtained titanium powder, titanium aluminum alloy and slag was analyzed using several techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A mass ratio of 2:3 of titanium dioxide and aluminum was suitable for the production of titanium–aluminum alloys. A large amount of alumina generated through the aluminothermic reduction reaction was separated into slag phases using cryolite. Then, the phases were electrolyzed into aluminum and cryolite, which were reused as raw materials. The final titanium–aluminum alloy product was electrolyzed in a chloride molten salt system to separate titanium and aluminum and produce titanium powder. Therefore, the combination of thermal reduction and molten salt electrolysis is efficient and has great potential for producing high-purity titanium powder.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Yonghui Yang,Hengwei Yan,Zhanwei Liu,Shenghui Guo,Rui Xia,Jin Zhang
This study develops a two-step electrolysis process using TiO2 as the raw material for large-particle titanium powder production in fluoride-chloride molten salts. TiO2 is first dissolved in NaF-K2TiF6 molten salt at 850 °C to form Ti–O–F complexes, and then titanium is electrodeposited at 1.2 A/cm2 for 4 h to produce sponge-like titanium powder. The obtained titanium powder has an average particle size of approximately 30 μm and an oxygen content of about 0.59 wt %. Due to the high oxygen content, secondary electrorefining is performed in NaCl-KCl melts, investigating the effects of TiCl4 addition, current density, and Ti2+ ion concentration. Under conditions of 0.6 A/cm2 current density and 8 wt % Ti2+ ion concentration with TiCl4 addition, the titanium powder reaches an average particle size of 220 μm, with the oxygen content significantly reduced to 0.021 wt %, and its particle size increases significantly. The oxygen content decreases. The current efficiency during the electrolysis of TiO2 is 54%, while the current efficiency during the secondary electrorefining process is 72%. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation shows good agreement with experimental results, highlighting the influence of current density and titanium ion concentration on cathodic deposition thickness. Compared with the traditional Kroll process, this method reduces energy consumption by approximately 30%, offering a more sustainable and energy-efficient alternative for titanium production. This study confirms the feasibility of using TiO2 in fluoride-based molten salt systems for continuous titanium production.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
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2024
·
IF 3.6
Kainan Yu,YaChao Wang,Shuqi Zhang,JiangPing Zhao
Titanium powder easily accumulates during industrial processes, and its high reactivity poses unavoidable hazards to both industrial operations and human safety. To suppress the explosion of titanium powder, zinc phytate (Zn-PA) and chitosan (CS) are mixed and prepared into a new bio-inhibitor using hydrothermal-solvothermal synthesis. The suppression effects of Zn-PA@CS bio-powder on the explosion pressure and temperature of titanium powder under different inerting ratios (α) are investigated using a 20 L spherical explosion testing system. The results show that when the α of Zn-PA@CS bio-powder is 0.8, the maximum explosion pressure ( P max ) and the maximum rate of pressure rise (( dP / dt ) max ) of titanium powder decrease by 82.8% and 91.2%, respectively. Moreover, the maximum flame temperature ( T p ) drops from the initial 647 °C–38 °C. Combined with TG-DSC analysis, Zn-PA@CS bio-powder produces phosphorus-containing substances during high-temperature thermal decomposition, which consume a large number of free radicals essential for the explosion. Furthermore, Zn-PA@CS bio-powder generates solid and gaseous substances, leading to the formation of a dense carbonaceous residue that covers the titanium powder, acts as an effective barrier, and dilutes oxygen concentration, thereby further inhibiting the explosion reaction. The Zn-PA@CS bio-powder exhibits a synergistic effect in both physical and chemical suppression. This study provides technical support for developing biomass explosion suppression powder and for preventing and controlling explosion accidents in industrial production.
研究领域:
工业安全
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材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2018
·
IF 3.057
Li-Xiang Wu,Wei-Ming Guo,Wen-Bin Niu,Rui-Lin Lin,Shi-Kuan Sun,Jia-Xiang Xue,Hua-Tay Lin
Pressureless joining of SiC ceramics at low temperature was developed using Ti powder interlayer. Phase assemblage and microstructure of SiC joint revealed that the products after diffusion bonding mainly consisted of Ti 5 Si 3 and TiC owing to the comparatively low joining temperature. Additionally, Si and C elements were found to be with higher penetration depth in the Ti interlayer. Benefitting from the lower proportion of the brittle Ti 5 Si 3 phase and porosity, shear strength reached a relatively higher value of 41 MPa after joining at 1200 °C for 30 min.
研究领域:
材料科学
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工程学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2023
·Vol. 148
·期 22
·12739-12750
·
IF 4.4
Liang Kaili,Liu Yang,Hu Lishuang,Liang Jiashun,Lv Tiancheng,Wu Wei,Wang Yanping,Tu Zhiqiong,Hu Shuangqi
Micron-sized titanium particles have potential applications as energetic metal high-enthalpy fuel materials. The molecular perovskite energetic material DAP-4 (H 2 dabco)[NH 4 (ClO 4 ) 3 ] is a potential high-energy oxidizer in solid rocket propellants. To explore the combustion mechanism and energy output of DAP-4-based Ti composites, the combustion characteristics of DAP-4/Ti and F/DAP-4/Ti were studied by electrode ignition device. The results show that the burning rate of DAP-4 can be adjusted by controlling the mass ratio of DAP-4/Ti. After adding Ti into DAP-4, the heat release, self-sustaining combustion time and flame front propagation velocity are greatly increased to 9,113 J g −1 , 265 ms and 0.225 mm ms −1 , respectively, better than those of DAP-4. With Ti added, the decomposition peak temperature of F/DAP-4/Ti dropped from 381.5 to 360.4 ℃. The experimental results contribute to a better understanding of the chemical reaction mechanism and energy release characteristics of DAP-4-based propellants containing Ti.
研究领域:
推进剂化学
·
燃烧与爆炸科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Yonghui Yang,Hengwei Yan,Zhanwei Liu,Shenghui Guo,Mingyi Hu,Rui Xia
This study investigated the effect of TiO 2 dissolution behavior in NaF–K 2 TiF 6 molten salts and subsequent electrolysis on the production of dense titanium powder. Under isothermal saturation conditions at molar ratios of 1.3–1.9 and temperatures of 800°C–890°C, TiO 2 solubility increased with temperature, reaching 9.75 wt% at 890°C and a 1.3 molar ratio. Dissolution kinetics revealed a two-stage process: an initial zero-order reaction during the first 5 min, followed by a first-order reaction for approximately 90 min. The dissolved TiO 2 formed TiOF n 2−n complexes, leading to K 2 NaTiOF 5 precipitation. Higher saturation of TiOF n 2−n resulted in finer particles, while lower saturation promoted the formation of coarser particles. Electrolysis experiments were conducted at 800°C with a NaF–K 2 TiF 6 molar ratio of 1.3:1. The results revealed that an increase in cathode current density reduced both the specific surface area and oxygen content of the titanium powder. At cathode and anode current densities of 1.9 and 0.31 A/cm 2 , dense spherical titanium powder with 0.22 wt% oxygen was obtained after 4 h of electrolysis. These findings confirm the feasibility of producing dense titanium powder via fluoride-based molten salt electrolysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
冶金学
·
化学工程
·
无机化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 18.5
Zhiyu Huang,Aixin Tong,Tonghe Xing,Annan He,Yuxin Luo,Yu Zhang,Mengqi Wang,Sijie Qiao,Zhicheng Shi,Fengxiang Chen,Weilin Xu
Camouflage clothing and cloaks are widely used in the military field. However, the widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with infrared thermal imaging devices has rendered traditional camouflage ineffective in the face of its unparalleled detection capabilities in modern warfare. Inspired by the enhancement principles of cellulose and lignin in natural wood, the interfacial engineering of biomineralization, and the scale structure of pangolins, herein, a regenerated cellulose/lignin composite aerogel with a toast-like structure by integrating all three biomimetic techniques into a single biomimetic design is developed. The unique toast-like structure allows effective protection of the internal porous structure during surface modification. The prepared composite aerogel not only exhibits excellent mechanical properties but also demonstrates a desert sand-like color, superior thermal insulation, and effective infrared blocking capabilities, highlighting its potential in thermal camouflage applications. This work proposes a green method for preparing regenerated cellulose composite aerogel sheets, which is expected to provide a design concept for the preparation, functionalization, and application of regenerated cellulose aerogel materials. In addition, factors such as the generalizability of the study, environmental impacts, and economic benefits are discussed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
仿生学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）