MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
·
2025
·
IF 5.5
Xinxin Xia,Cheng Zhang,Wenyi Lai,Zhenglin Zou,Peigen Zhang,Jingwen Tang,Ying Guan,Shuang Tian,Balázs Illés,ZhengMing Sun
The spontaneous growth of metal whiskers has long posed reliability challenges in electronic devices, often resulting in short-circuit failures. Recent findings on the rapid and extensive formation of tin (Sn) whiskers on Ti₂SnC substrates underscore the critical role of atomized Sn in whisker growth. In this study, mechanochemically decomposed Ti₂SnC, capable of quantitatively and efficiently generating large amounts of atomized Sn, was implanted to Sn, Bi, and Pb metal matrices. After three days of being annealed at 60 °C, numerous whiskers grown on all implanted matrices, proving the critical role of atomized Sn in whisker growth. Notably, SnBi bimetallic and solid solution whiskers were detected. TEM analysis proved that the formation of SnBi whiskers was caused by the released latent heat of crystallizing atomized Sn, which creates SnBi micro-melt pools at the interface, facilitating interface flow and supplying the necessary constituents for SnBi bimetallic and solid solution whisker formation. Likewise, SnPb bimetallic whiskers were observed in Pb matrices implanted with the mechanochemical decomposed Ti 2 SnC. These findings provide two contrasting strategies for future applications: effectively suppressing whisker formation and intentionally synthesizing bimetallic nanowires.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Analytical Chemistry
·
2020
·
IF 1.678
Lina Huang,Hanke Li,Yuhang Li,Peng Ren,Lezhou Yi,Yang Chen,Tongmei Ma
Background. Organic tin compounds (OTCs), a group of high-risk hazardous substances, are highly concerned in safety regulation of consumer products especially for toys because they can cause serious damage to organs after prolonged or repeated exposure. Gastric juice migration is nowadays widely implemented to assess organic tin intake from toys or food-contact materials; however, the followed up detection method using sodium tetraethylborate [NaB(Et4)] as a derivatization agent may directly lead to false positive of monomethyltins (MMT). Objective. In order to avoid the phenomena of false positive of MMT in the course of laboratory testing of toys, it is necessary and important to perform relative experimental and theoretical studies to reveal the cause of false positive of MMT. Method. With metal tin powder as a representative of inorganic tin which existed in real samples, it was treated with artificial gastric juice (0.07 mol/L·HCl), followed by ethyl derivatization using sodium tetraethylborate [NaB(Et)4] and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) according to the procedure specified in the standard of EN 71-3:2013+A3:2018 issued by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Results. Without any OTCs in the starting materials, MMT false positive can be reproduced by detecting 0.56 mg/L of triethylmethyltin (TEMT) together with approximately 1000 mg/L of tetraethyltin (TeET), which is similar to real samples. Further, it is demonstrated that the detected amount of TEMT is linearly related with the added amount of NaB(Et)4, and that the formation of TEMT (methyl derivative) is easier than TeET (ethyl derivative) even though the ethyl group is present in a larger amount than the methyl group. Conclusions. The phenomena of MMT false positive which occurred in the laboratory testing of toys is mainly because that TEMT is highly likely to be obtained from the reaction of inorganic tin and trace level of methylation agent impurities contained in the derivatization reagent—NaB(Et)4. To avoid MMT false positive, it is concluded that the maximum acceptable mole ratio of methylation agent impurities contained in NaB(Et)4 is approximately 0.028%. This research is helpful to be aware of methylation impurities and is favorable to avoid false judgment caused by MMT false positive in routine analysis of toys.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
毒理学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2013
·
IF 5.008
Mingxi Chen,Congcong Zhang,Lingzhi Li,Yu Liu,Xichuan Li,Xiaoyang Xu,Fengling Xia,Wei Wang,Jianping Gao
A facile approach to prepare SnO2/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) hybrid nanoparticles by a direct redox reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and tin powder was developed. Since no acid was used, it is an environmentally friendly green method. The SnO2/rGO hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microstructure of the SnO2/rGO was observed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The tin powder efficiently reduced GO to rGO, and the Sn was transformed to SnO2 nanoparticles (∼45 nm) that were evenly distributed on the rGO sheets. The SnO2/rGO hybrid nanoparticles were then coated on an interdigital electrode to fabricate a humidity sensor, which have an especially good linear impedance response from 11% to 85% relative humidity.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Semiconductors
·
2024
·Vol. 45
·期 3
·032703
·
IF 4.8
Xinfa Zhu,Weishuai Duan,Xiancheng Meng,Xiyu Jia,Yonghui Zhang,Pengyu Zhou,Mengjun Wang,Hongxing Zheng,Chao Fan
The emergent two-dimensional (2D) material, tin diselenide (SnSe2), has garnered significant consideration for its potential in image capturing systems, optical communication, and optoelectronic memory. Nevertheless, SnSe2-based photodetection faces obstacles, including slow response speed and low normalized detectivity. In this work, photodetectors based on SnS/SnSe2 and SnSe/SnSe2 p−n heterostructures have been implemented through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)−assisted transfer method. These photodetectors demonstrate broad-spectrum photoresponse within the 405 to 850 nm wavelength range. The photodetector based on the SnS/SnSe2 heterostructure exhibits a significant responsivity of 4.99 × 103 AW−1, normalized detectivity of 5.80 × 1012 cmHz1/2W−1, and fast response time of 3.13 ms, respectively, owing to the built-in electric field. Meanwhile, the highest values of responsivity, normalized detectivity, and response time for the photodetector based on the SnSe/SnSe2 heterostructure are 5.91 × 103 AW−1, 7.03 × 1012 cmHz1/2W−1, and 4.74 ms, respectively. And their photodetection performances transcend those of photodetectors based on individual SnSe2, SnS, SnSe, and other commonly used 2D materials. Our work has demonstrated an effective strategy to improve the performance of SnSe2-based photodetectors and paves the way for their future commercialization.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电子学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TRIBOLOGY LETTERS
·
2019
·Vol. 67
·期 3
·1-11
·
IF 2.235
Zeng M. Q.,Hu R. Z.,Song K. Q.,Dai L. Y.,Lu Z. C.
An in situ displacement reaction was used to prepare an Al–12 wt% Sn nanocomposite alloy from mechanically alloyed Al–SnO 2 –MgH 2 . The nanoscaled Sn phase was mostly 30–50 nm in size and was distributed uniformly in the Al matrix. The wear properties of the Al–SnO 2 –MgH 2 composite were enhanced significantly compared to those of an Al–Sn–MgH 2 composite. These improvements stemmed from the high-strength and nanoconfined Sn-phase lubrication, which moved the peak stress far below the surface, released strain localization at the uppermost sliding surface layer, and suppressed cracking and surface roughening. The dispersion strengthening of the Al–SnO 2 –MgH 2 composite favored the maintenance of a stable tribolayer, which resulted in an integrated worn surface and an excellent wear performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
机械工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2021
·
IF 9.127
Min Yang,Xiaojuan Huang,Liquan Yao,Limei Lin,Aicheng Chen,Yongqing Chen,Yuliang Che,Shuiyuan Chen,Xiangkai Kong,Guilin Chen
Molecular solution with the metal-thiourea complex is a facile and effective route for Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS) thin film deposition . However, its stability is still challenging due to flexible metal salts precursors. Here we report a strategy to enhance the stability of the Cu–Sn–S molecular solution that use bivalent Sn to suppress the oxidation of the S 2- of thiourea via the redox reaction . The self-stabilizing mechanism has been carefully revealed by the systematic experiments and confirmed by the spontaneous reaction process of metal-thiourea system. It demonstrates that Sn with a low valence state weakens the transfer of lone pair electrons from thiourea to Cu 2+ and Sn 4+ ions, alleviating the sulfur precipitates from thiourea oxidation because of the easily reducible character of Sn 2+ ion. The solution with Sn 2+ antioxidant additive can be stored for a long time under air ambient, which is then spin-coated and sulfurized with Sn powder compensation. The uniform CTS thin film with composition control is finally achieved and delivers a device efficiency of 1.15%. This work provides a guide on stabilizing the solution precursor for chalcogenide thin film deposition.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Xiyu Jia,Weishuai Duan,Mingchen Xu,Gaoning Fan,Pengyu Zhou,Yonghui Zhang,Hongxing Zheng,Mengjun Wang,Chao Fan
Near-violet (NV) detectors based on two-dimensional materials have attracted much attention due to their atomic-scale thickness and various band gaps. Among them, tin disulfide (SnS
2
) has demonstrated significant potential for high-performance NV detectors due to its unique photoelectric properties. However, SnS
2
-based NV detector still have drawbacks such as low responsivity and high dark current. In this work a tri-layer van der Waals heterojunction of tin disulfide/h-boron nitride/tin selenide (SnS
2
/h-BN/SnSe) is proposed. The detector based on such tri-layer heterojunction exhibits an excellent self-powered detection performance to 405-nm NV illumination with a responsivity of 1.5 AW
-1
, a low dark current of 2.6 pA, and a high fill factor of 51.8%, superior to detectors based on SnS
2
/SnSe bi-layer heterojunctions and most other two-dimensional materials. This study provides an efficient optimizing strategy for SnS
2
-based self-powered detector, thereby offering an opportunity for implementing innovation in NV detectors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Environmental Technology & Innovation
·
2022
·
IF 7.758
Yufeng Guo,Jianfa Jing,Feng Chen,Shuai Wang,Lingzhi Yang
There is 3% ∼ 5% tin remaining in the Inner Mongolia tin-bearing middling obtained by flotation, which is a valuable secondary resource of tin. To effectively recover this tin, selective separation tin from tin-bearing middling by sulfide roasting using anhydrous gypsum (CaSO 4 ) as the sulfur agent was proposed in this study. The removal behaviors of tin during sulfur roasting were systematically investigated, including thermodynamic analysis, the effects of anhydrous gypsum, sulfur roasting temperature and time on the tin removal efficiency, and the mechanism model of separation of tin from tin-bearing middling during sulfide roasting. The results indicated that the cassiterite (SnO 2 ) was first transformed to Sn and then transformed to tin sulfide (SnS). Anhydrous gypsum could be recycled by exhausts absorption process in this work, which saved the sulfur agent for the whole separation process. In addition, arsenic was fixated in the residuals, which was beneficial for the separation of tin from tin-bearing middling. The removal efficiency of tin was 91.27% after sulfur roasting with 12.5 wt% CaSO 4 and 17.5 vol.% CO at 950 °C for 1 h.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2019
·
IF 8.456
Shuo Yuan,Chao Fan,He Tian,Yonghui Zhang,Zihui Zhang,Mianzeng Zhong,Hongfei Liu,Mengjun Wang,Erping Li
Doping of tin disulfide (SnS2) is an effective strategy to regulate its physical and chemical properties. In this work, In doping was used to manipulate the photoresponse behavior of SnS2-based photodetectors. In-doped SnS2 nanosheets were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. It was found that the In doping concentration plays an important role in the size of the fabricated SnS2 nanosheets. With the increase in the In doping concentration, the lateral size of samples increased from ∼210 to ∼420 nm, but the crystallinity became poor at higher concentrations. Energy dispersive X-ray-mapping results show that the In was homogeneously distributed in the samples. In addition, a red shift was observed in the binding energy of Sn and S with increased In doping concentration, which may be due to the p-type doping of In in SnS2. After In doping, the performance of SnS2-based photodetectors was significantly improved. The photoresponse speed of In-doped SnS2-based photodetectors was faster than that of pristine SnS2-based devices under the illumination of 532 and 405 nm lasers. This work develops an effective approach of In doping to enhance the photoresponse characteristics of SnS2-based photodetectors and proves that In-doped SnS2 has a vast potential in optoelectronic applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2021
·
IF 19.503
Jing Wu,Rong Zhao,Hui Xiang,Chenfan Yang,Wenda Zhong,Chengzhi Zhang,Qin Zhang,Xuanke Li,Nianjun Yang
Tin disulfide (SnS 2 ), one transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) is a cost-effective and promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in the alkaline electrolytes. Its electrocatalytic HER performance is unfortunately limited, originating from its un-conspicuous inherent catalytic activities and non-favorable adsorption sites for hydrogen. Herein, a tin disulfide/stannic oxide (SnS 2 /SnO 2 ) heterostructure is designed and grown on the nickel foam (denoted as SnS 2 /SnO 2 -NF). The SnS 2 /SnO 2 heterostructure introduces more active (100) facets or a high density of active sites, accelerates the diffusion kinetic of electrons and ions, lowers the water dissociation energies, and optimizes adsorption energies of hydrogen atoms. On this catalyst, superior HER performance is realized in an alkaline medium. An overpotential of 108 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm –2 with a Tafel slope of 50.1 mV dec –1 and long-term durability are achieved for HER in 1 M KOH. This work paves a new way to design high-performance HER electrocatalyst through facet engineering of the designed heterostructures.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES
·
2019
·
IF 0.961
Steffen Klenner,Judith Bönnighausen,Jingyu Guo,Zhihua Yang,Shilie Pan,Rainer Pöttgen
The crystal structure of diamagnetic borate chloride Sn 2 B 5 O 9 Cl exhibits two crystallographically independent tin sites which both show pronounced lone-pair activity of the tin atoms. This is reflected in substantial quadrupole splitting in the 119 Sn Mössbauer spectrum. The isomer shifts of 3.887(8) and 4.137(7) mm s −1 clearly indicate divalent tin. In agreement with bond valence calculations, the Sn1 atoms have a lower charge and the higher isomer shift, compatible with a higher electron density at the tin nuclei.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Greenhouse Gases-Science and Technology
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·1191-1197
·
IF 2.013
Subrato Acharjya,Jiacheng Chen,Minghui Zhu,Chong Peng
Immobilized tin phthalocyanine dichloride (SnPcCl 2 ) was prepared by refluxing SnPcCl 2 and hydroxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes in DMF with the addition of triethylamine, which exhibited minimal aggregation and approximately 2–3 folds improvement in activity towards CO 2 electroreduction compared to the physically mixed SnPcCl 2 /CNT hybrid. Cyclic voltammetry analysis and in situ UV-vis spectra revealed that metallic tin is the active site for CO 2 electroreduction, and the redox behavior of Sn 0 is affected by the adjacent demetallized macrocycles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
催化化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）