JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
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2025
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IF 3.1
Junran Mao,Hongyan Ma,Jinsong Zhou,Lin Chen,Xinxin Chen,Jincai Wang,Zhengjin Jiang,Tingting Zhang
An efficient and rapid supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was established for the analysis of flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), the best conditions were obtained by optimizing the parameters of the SFC method. The peak area obtained by SFC analysis of CRP samples, combined with chemical pattern recognition, was used to establish a model to evaluate the quality of Guang Chenpi (GCP) and Chenpi (CP) in CRP. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) proved to be an excellent method that can accurately distinguish GCP from CP. The PLS-DA model was established by selecting the training set, and the characteristic components (Didymin and Hesperidin) were screened out to further establish the model, and the testing sets were brought into the model for verification, indicating that the model established based on the peak areas is reliable, and two quality markers (Narirutin and Neohesperidin) were found to distinguish between Xinhui and Non-Xinhui in GCP based on the content determination. In conclusion, the combination of SFC and chemical pattern recognition for the quality evaluation of CRP has great potential.
研究领域:
中药学
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分析化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Drug Design Development and Therapy
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2025
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IF 5.1
Shuting Zou,Bin Xie,Zhentao An,Fang Li,Li Cui,Zhenhai Zhang,Weiquan Bu,Dandan He
Objective The aroma of the aromatic class of traditional Chinese medicines can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which volatile oil from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (VOCRPV) alleviates slow-transit constipation (STC).Methods The main active ingredients in VOCRPV were determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Due to poor stability, an olive oil solution was prepared to enhance the volatile oil’s stability. A mouse model of STC was induced using loperamide hydrochloride. The mice’s body weight was monitored weekly. The number of fecal pellets, fecal water content, and small intestinal propulsion rate were detected. The colon tissues were analyzed using HE staining. The serum content of gastrointestinal hormones was measured using the corresponding ELISA kit. The protein expressions of stem cell factor (SCF) and c-Kit in colon tissues were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the intestinal flora.Results The contents of p-isopropyl toluene, γ-Terpinene, and d-Limonene were determined by HPLC. VOCRPV and its olive oil solution significantly enhanced body weight, increased the number of fecal pellets, improved fecal water content, and boosted small intestinal propulsion rate in mice with loperamide-induced STC, while also repairing colon mucosa damage. They also increased gastrin (Gas) and motilin (MTL) levels in treated mice, upregulated the expression of SCF and c-Kit proteins, and restored intestinal flora balance in STC mice.Conclusion VOCRPV could effectively alleviate STC, and olive oil enhances its therapeutic effect. VOCRPV alleviates STC by elevating Gas and MTL levels, activating the SCF/c-Kit signaling pathway, and modulating intestinal flora.
研究领域:
中药学
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消化系统研究
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
·
2021
·Vol. 32
·期 6
·1152-1161
·
IF 3.373
Xiaofang He,Sisi Huang,Mengmei Wu,Menghua Wu,Ying Zhang,Zhiguo Ma,Li Liu,Hui Cao
Introduction Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qing Pi in Chinese) is a clinically effective Chinese herb, which contains biologically valuable flavonoids. Qing Pi is divided into two commodity specifications, Si Hua Qing Pi (SHQP) and Ge Qing Pi (GQP), based on the harvesting time. The flavonoid contents in Qing Pi from different origins and commodity specifications may vary significantly, which will affect their therapeutic functions. Thus, it is crucial to set up a reliable and comprehensive quality evaluation method for flavonoid analysis in Qing Pi. Objectives We aimed to establish a rapid and sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode-array detection and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-HRMS) for identification and quantification of ten flavonoids in Qing Pi. Chemometric methods were further applied to distinguish Qing Pi of different origins and specifications. Methodology An UPLC-DAD-HRMS method was developed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of ten flavonoids in 46 batches of Qing Pi samples from different sources in China. Chemometric approaches were applied to discriminate Qing Pi from different origins and commodity specifications. Results The chemometric procedures (i.e., hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis) were employed to identify the differences of Qing Pi samples with different origins and commodity specifications. The results showed that the contents of ten flavonoids in Qing Pi samples of different origins were significantly different, and the same results were found out between SHQP and GQP. Conclusions This study provides a chemical basis for quality control of Qing Pi.
研究领域:
中药学
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分析化学
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植物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Biomed Research International
·
2022
·
IF 3.246
Shisheng Jiang,Chaoming Huang,Shulin Wang,Biyun Huang,Dan Wu,Guodong Zheng,Yi Cai
Objective. Through a network pharmacology method, we screened the main active compounds of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), constructed a drug-ingredient-disease-target network, explored the molecular mechanism of its treatment of myocardial hypertrophy, and validated it by using molecular biology approach. Methods. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and GeneCards were utilised to collect the effective component in CRP and the targets of CRP and myocardial hypertrophy. The STRING database constructed the protein interaction network. The drug-ingredient-disease-target network was outlined by the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using the Metascape database. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were utilised to determine the mRNA and protein level of the critical targets of CRP therapy for myocardial hypertrophy. Results. We found that five practical components of CRP exerted therapeutic effects on myocardial hypertrophy by modulating 41 targets. Further analysis revealed that naringenin was the essential active compound in CRP that regulated myocardial hypertrophy. In addition, we showed that the active compounds of CRP might exert antihypertrophy effects via regulating essential target proteins such as AKT1-, MAPK3-, PPARA-, PPARG-, and ESR1-mediated signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, nuclear receptor activation, and oxidative stress. The molecular biology experiments demonstrated that naringenin inhibited the mRNA level of NPPA and NPPB induced by Ang II and regulated related targets such as AKT1, MAPK3, PPARA, PPARG, and ESR1. Conclusion. CRP could inhibit myocardial hypertrophy through multitarget and multiapproach.
研究领域:
药理学
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分子生物学
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中医药学
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心脏病学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Chuansen Qin,Huan Lu,Yichen Jia,Shuisheng Cao,Hongyan Wang,Haixiang Wang
Background Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) authentication and flavonoid-related quality evaluation commonly rely on chromatographic or spectroscopic techniques, which are accurate but require specialized instrumentation. This study aims to develop a standardized colorimetric image-based machine-learning workflow for rapid CRP origin-aging classification and flavonoid-equivalent prediction. Results Representative flavonoid monomers were used to compare chromogenic responses in aluminum chloride and sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate systems. CRP samples were analyzed using standardized image acquisition, color reference normalization, fixed ROI extraction, engineered RGB descriptors, and inverse sRGB gamma correction for regression modeling. For CRP classification, a 480-record model-development set and a 120-record independent held-out validation set were constructed at the image-group level. Through the two chromogenic systems, RF classifier achieved held-out accuracies of 0.9500, 0.9917, and 0.9500 for geographical-origin, aging-year, and combined origin-aging classification, respectively. For flavonoid-equivalent prediction, gamma correction improved the RF external validation R 2 from 0.9502 to 0.9789 and reduced the external RMSE from 5.4186 to 3.5231. Spike-recovery values were 104.27 % ± 8.94 %, 102.07 % ± 6.36 %, and 96.74 % ± 6.45 % at the 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL addition levels, respectively. Significance The proposed workflow integrates chromogenic reaction, standardized image acquisition, color feature extraction, gamma correction, and machine learning into a low-cost analytical strategy for CRP authentication. The results indicate that the method can serve as a useful tool for rapid and efficient quality evaluation for CRP.
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高影响因子
Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 12
·2090
·
IF 6
Luxin Xie,Yanjing Dong,Qian Qin,Cheng Jiang,Lifeng Shang,Kailin Qiao,Bo Wang,Jinxiang Zeng,Quanpeng Luo,Lingyun Zhong,Shouwen Zhang
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), a traditional functional food with various cultivars, is widely used in spices and food additives. However, systematic comparisons of flavor and chemical profiles across mainstream cultivars remain lacking. This study systematically analyzed the flavor characteristics, volatile/non-volatile metabolic profiles, and antioxidant activity of six mainstream CRP cultivars. A total of 455 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified, among which terpenoids showed distinct cultivar-specific accumulation and strongly affected aroma; 35 key VOCs were screened as pivotal contributors to distinct aroma profiles. Untargeted metabolomics identified 1289 non-volatile metabolites, among which polymethoxyflavones and flavonoid glycosides exhibited significant cultivar-specific accumulation. The six CRP cultivars showed five distinct metabolic accumulation patterns, which significantly affected the differences in bioactive compound accumulation and flavor formation among different cultivars. This study reveals the aroma formation basis and metabolic features of mainstream CRP cultivars, offering insights into CRP functional food development and genetic breeding.
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PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING
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2026
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IF 4.7
Jian Zhang,Tianli Xia,Yinfeng Ren,Bo Li,Chong Chen,Shiru Jia,Binbin Nian,Yuanfa Liu
Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP), a traditional Chinese medicine and food homologous material, is rich in bioactive flavonoids with multiple pharmacological effects. However, traditional organic solvent extraction methods for flavonoids suffer from low efficiency, high cost, and environmental pollution. In this study, ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UAE-DES) was developed as an efficient and green alternative for flavonoid extraction from CRP. The 41 DESs were screened, and choline chloride-acetamide (mole ratio 1:3) with 30% water content was identified as the optimal solvent. The extraction performance was improved by 92% compared to 70% acidified methanol. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was further used to optimize the extraction process, with the optimal conditions determined as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1:28 (g/mL), extraction temperature 30℃, extraction time 61 min, and ultrasonic power 210 W. Under these conditions, the maximum hesperidin content (the most abundant flavonoid in CRP) reached 27.46 ± 0.33 mg/g. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between choline chloride and acetamide, which enhanced flavonoid solubility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that UAE-DES treatment caused more severe disruption of CRP cell structures compared to water and 70% methanol extraction, facilitating flavonoid release. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further elucidated the extraction mechanism at the molecular level: The multi-component (chloride ion, acetamide, choline cation) in Des synergizes to keep flavonoids monodisperse, increasing solvent accessibility and mass transfer efficiency. In conclusion, UAE-DES is a promising green extraction technology for CRP flavonoids, and the insights into the molecular interaction mechanism provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of DES in plant active ingredient extraction.
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DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
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IF 5.7
Hong-qi Xia,Congyi Zhu,Diyang Qiu,Jiwu Zeng
Background The efficient and timely determination of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs, primarily nobiletin and tangeretin) and flavanone glycosides (primarily hesperidin) in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is of paramount importance for the production of CRP and the evaluation of its efficacy. Conventional analytical methods including chromatography-based approaches commonly provide high sensitivity and selectivity, but require bulky equipment and complicated procedures performed by professional technicians and are thus inconvenient in practical applications. Therefore, there is a clear need for portable and miniaturized sensing platforms that can rapidly and simultaneously detect PMFs and hesperidin in CRP product. Results A state-of-the-art three-dimensional porous graphene electrode was first fabricated by direct laser scribing of a poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) film for electrocatalysis of nobiletin , tangeretin and hesperidin . Kinetic analysis was conducted to investigate the reaction mechanisms of these three flavonoids at such prepared PEEK-laser induced graphene (PEEK-LIG) electrodes. Since the as-prepared PEEK-LIG electrodes exhibited high electrocatalytic efficiency towards these three flavonoids , a portable electrochemical sensing platform assembled with a smartphone, a miniatured electrochemical workstation, and an integrated PEEK-LIG microchip was developed. Consequently, the developed portable electrochemical sensing platforms exhibited great sensitivity and low detection limits for both PMFs and hesperidin. More importantly, tests conducted on real CRP extract samples demonstrated that the developed portable electrochemical sensing platform exhibited high validity, high reliability, as well as excellent reproducibility. Significance This is the inaugural report on the portable and simultaneous determination of PMFs and hesperidin in the pericarp of Citrus Reticulata , which may be utilized for differentiating CRP products. Furthermore, the portable and powerful electrochemical sensing platforms developed could also potentially be applied for a wide range of analytes, thanks to their simple and rapid fabrication and determination processes.
研究领域:
分析化学
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电化学
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药学
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材料科学
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生物技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 8
Zhanming Tang,Yanyan Miao,Huimin Lu,Chao Chen,Shiming Li,Wensheng Zhang
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Xinhui Chenpi) , a representative product with a protected geographical indication from Xinhui District, Guangdong Province, China, is a dual-use medicinal and edible material and a traditional medicinal resource whose quality is traditionally believed to improve with prolonged aging. Increasing evidence indicates that the succession of surface microbial communities and their metabolic activities play pivotal roles in these transformations. This study systematically investigated Xinhui Chenpi aged 1–10 years to elucidate the dynamics of dominant fungal genera and experimentally verify their involvement in flavonoid transformation. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), third-generation full-length ITS sequencing (PacBio) , and strain isolation with culture assays were employed to characterize flavonoid profiles, fungal community succession, and the transformation capabilities of key isolates. Flavonoids exhibited a “degradation to resynthesis” trajectory, with polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) steadily accumulating throughout the aging process. Late-stage samples were dominated by the xerophilic genus Xeromyces (Aspergillaceae), which showed strong positive correlations with PMF enrichment, whereas correlations with Penicillium progressively declined over time. Importantly, Aspergillus tubingensis was isolated and confirmed to convert nobiletin into 3′-demethylnobiletin, providing direct mechanistic evidence for fungal-driven PMF structural modification. Community profiling further revealed that multiple Aspergillaceae genera ( Aspergillus , Penicillium , Xeromyces ) may participate in flavonoid transformation. These findings elucidate the microbial mechanisms underlying quality enhancement in aged Chenpi and provide a scientific basis for microbial-assisted optimization of modern aging processes, thereby offering theoretical support for the traditional principle that “aged Chenpi becomes more efficacious.”
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PubMed
高影响因子
Food Hydrocolloids for Health
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2024
·
IF 4.6
Zhongcan Peng,Shurong Tian,Depo Yang,Longping Zhu,Jianing Zhang,Wenfeng Li,Guodong Zheng,Zhimin Zhao
ABSTRACT Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ‘Chachi’ ( Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’) is a traditional Chinese medicine with dual medicinal and dietary uses. As its main component, pectin exhibited various biological activities. However, research and development on it, especially pectin oligosaccharides, remain limited. In this study, ‘Chachi’ pectin oligosaccharides (CPOS) was extracted and prepared for the first time, resulting in the purification of two oligosaccharide components, CPOS3 and CPOS4. Structural characterization of the predominant oligosaccharide, CPOS3, revealed it to be composed of a backbone α-D-Gal p A-(1→2)-α-L-Rha p -(1→4)-α-D-3-OAc-Gal p A-(1→4)-α-D-Gal p A-(1→4)-α-D-Gal p A and a side chain [→5)-α-L-Ara f -(1→] 4 attached at the C-4 of Rha p . Subsequent experiments have shown that CPOS3 can significantly promote the proliferation and migration of human immortalized keratinocyte cell. Further investigation revealed that it facilitated cell proliferation by stimulating DNA synthesis in the S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, CPOS3 exhibited good thermal stability and rheological characteristics. Based on the good wound healing activity and favorable physicochemical properties of CPOS3, its prospects in the fields of wound dressings and tissue repair are promising.
研究领域:
药理学
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细胞生物学
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伤口愈合
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生物医学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Huijun Li,Xinyao Luo,Fengxia Li,Xiaochuan Ye,Meng Yu,Zhongmei Zou
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible properties. The supercritical CO 2 extract of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (C-CRP) has shown potential antidepressant effects, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we confirmed that C-CRP alleviated depressive-like behaviors in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression rat model, as evidenced by increased sucrose preference in the sucrose preference test (SPT), increased total distance traveled in the open field test (OFT), reduced immobility time in both the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST), and elevated serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) in CUMS rats. C-CRP reshaped gut microbiota dysbiosis, significantly regulating the abundance of specific bacteria, including Lactobacillus , unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae , Blautia , Allobaculum , Prevotella , and UCG-005 via 16S rRNA sequencing. Untargeted/targeted metabolomics indicated that C-CRP normalized the dysregulated metabolic profiles in plasma, urine, and feces of depressed rats, and identified tryptophan metabolism and bile acid metabolism as key routes through which C-CRP exerts its effects, which was corroborated by pathway-specific protein and metabolite changes. Through multivariate correlation analysis, Blautia was identified as a crucial gut bacterium associated with the antidepressant efficacy of C-CRP, which was further confirmed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like mice by oral administration of Blautia obeum . Thus, the findings demonstrate that C-CRP exerts antidepressant effects by modulating specific gut bacteria—most notably Blautia obeum —and regulating tryptophan and bile acid metabolic pathways, thereby alleviating depression-like behaviors in the CUMS rats.
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Wen-Jing Xiao,Su Dong,Yue Xuan,Xiao-Jie Huang,Jing-Rui Feng,Hong-Jing You,Yang Chen
Existing studies lack systematic investigation of the polysaccharide components in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), despite established anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects of its bioactive constituents. This study isolated and characterized CRP-derived polysaccharides, focusing on CP-0's protective role against Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE)-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Structural characterization identified CP-0 and CP-1 as novel triple-helical heteropolysaccharides (MW 81,404 and 83,540 Da; glucose, ribose, mannose). Following isolation and physicochemical screening, CP-0 exhibited low cytotoxicity and high anti-inflammatory activity. Mechanistic analyses revealed that CP-0 attenuated LCWE-induced endothelial injury by reducing inflammatory infiltration, IL-1β levels, and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1/ICAM-1) while upregulating tight junction proteins ZO-1/2 in mouse microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). CP-0 suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation via decreased colocalization of NLRP3/Caspase-1/ASC, and competitive binding assays confirmed its interaction with TLR2, which blocked NF-κB nuclear translocation. By targeting TLR2-mediated signaling pathways, CP-0 effectively mitigated LCWE-induced coronary arteritis in vitro, demonstrating potential as a therapeutic candidate for cardiovascular diseases through early-stage anti-inflammatory intervention.
研究领域:
生药学
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免疫药理学
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血管生物学
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天然产物化学
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炎症研究
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）