Yunlai Ren,Zhifei Liu,Shuang Zhao,Xinzhe Tian,Jianji Wang,Weiping Yin,Shebin He
Commercially available and inexpensive ethylenediamine/Cu(OAc) 2 · H 2 O has been found to be a highly effective catalyst system for the cyanation of aryl bromides in the solvent of NMP. At the same time, the highly activated aryl chlorides with NO 2 groups gave corresponding benzonitriles in good yields. Similar to the previous observation, it is not necessary to use an excess of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] in the cyanation reaction (only 20 mol% of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] was used). In other hand, a more remarkable KI-accelerated effect was observed for the cyanation reaction: the addition of KI increased the yield from 6% to 91% in the cyanation of bromobenzene.
A simple method for the preparation of nitriles in moderate to good yield has been achieved by treatment of aromatic and heterocyclic aldoximes with malononitrile in water at reflux in the presence of copper acetate as catalyst. Arylaldoximes with an electron-donating group showed the highest reactivity, their conversion being achievable at room temperature.
Hao Zhang,Jie Hao,Xia Yu,Jianqiao Wu,Jiawei Li,Min-Hui Li,Jun Hu
Thermogels are one kind of smart materials, characterized by the in situ sol–gel transition upon temperature increase. Currently, most of them are constructed using thermosensitive polymers, which often require tedious chemical synthesis. Besides, it is difficult to precisely control the gel properties through remote stimuli like near-infrared (NIR) light. In this work, we have prepared a thermogel with inherent NIR photothermal responsive features by simply mixing hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with Cu(OAc)2 in deionized water. Without the incorporation of extra reagents and the chemical modification of PVA, the PVA/Cu(OAc)2 thermogel exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency and reversible sol–gel transition behavior. Because of the inherent NIR absorption and optical conversion abilities, the PVA/Cu(OAc)2 thermogel can be used as a smart window material to effectively absorb sunlight and prevent the rise of indoor temperature. In addition, its photosensitive conductivity also gave it the potential to act as a photoresistor. As far as we know, this is the first PVA-tailored thermogel with an inherent NIR light response, which provides an innovative strategy to construct smart materials.
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