Foods
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2024
·Vol. 13
·期 13
·2050
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IF 4.7
Laijing Zhu,Meng Liu,Yanli Wang,Zhunyao Zhu,Xiangzhong Zhao
Due to the growing demand for human-edible protein sources, microalgae are recognized as an economically viable alternative source of proteins. The investigation into the structural characteristics and functional properties of microalgin is highly significant for its potential application in the food industry as an alternative source of protein. In this research, we extracted protein fromEuglena gracilisby using alkaline extraction and acid precipitation and investigated its structural characteristics and functional properties in different acidic and alkaline environments. The molecular weight distribution ofEuglena gracilisprotein (EGP), as revealed by the size exclusion chromatography results, ranges from 152 to 5.7 kDa. EGP was found to be rich in hydrophobic amino acids and essential amino acids. Fourier infrared analysis revealed that EGP exhibited higher α-helix structure content and lower β-sheet structure content in alkaline environments compared with acidic ones. EGP exhibited higher foaming properties, emulsifying activity index, solubility, free sulfhydryl, and total sulfhydryl in pH environments far from its isoelectric point, and lower fluorescence intensity (2325 A.U.), lower surface hydrophobicity, larger average particle size (25.13 µm), higher emulsifying stability index, and water-holding capacity in pH environments near its isoelectric point. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that different acidic and alkaline environments lead to reductions in the crystal size and crystallinity of EGP. EGP exhibited high denaturation temperature (Td; 99.32 °C) and high enthalpy (ΔH; 146.33 J/g) at pH 11.0, as shown by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. The findings from our studies on EGP in different acidic and alkaline environments provide a data basis for its potential commercial utilization as a food ingredient in products such as emulsions, gels, and foams.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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微生物学
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蛋白质化学
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Frontiers in Nutrition
·
2022
·
IF 6.59
Dai Junjie,He Jiayi,Chen Zixi,Qin Huan,Du Ming,Lei Anping,Zhao Liqing,Wang Jiangxin
Euglena gracilis, a single-celled microalga with various trophic growth styles under different cultivation conditions, contains nutrients, such as ß-1,3-glucans, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It has recently attracted attention as a new health food. Among them, ß-1,3-glucans, paramylon of Euglena, is an insoluble dietary fiber and is well known as an immune booster, attenuator of obesity and diabetes, reducer of acute liver injury, and suppressor of atopic dermatitis, and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Recently, evidence has appeared for the positive health effects of foods, food ingredients, or biochemical compounds derived from several other microalgae, such as Chlorella, Spirulina, Dunaliella, Phaeodactylum, and Pavlova. Until most recently, the prebiotic activity of Euglena and paramylon was reported. Emerging prospects of microalgae as prebiotics were well summarized, but the mechanisms behind the bacterial growth promotion by microalgae are not elucidated yet. Thus, we evaluated the prebiotic prospects of both autotrophic and heterotrophic Euglena on six different Lactobacillus. What’s more, the stimulated mechanism was revealed by bacterial culture medium metabolomic analysis. This study could widen the knowledge about the prebiotic activity of Euglena as a next-generation prebiotic and other microalgae-derived compounds as potential health foods.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Kai Xin,Jun Cheng,Ruhan Guo,Lei Qian,Yulun Wu,Weijuan Yang
To effectively improve biomass growth and flue-gas CO 2 fixation of microalgae, acid-tolerant Euglena gracilis was modified with cobalt-60 γ-ray irradiation and polyethylene glycol (PEG) adaptive screening to obtain the mutant strain M800. The biomass dry weight and maximum CO 2 fixation rate of M800 were both 1.47 times higher than that of wild strain, which was attributed to a substantial increase in key carbon fixation enzyme RuBisCO activity and photosynthetic pigment content. The high charge separation quantum efficiency in PSII reaction center, efficient light utilization and energy regulation that favors light conversion, were the underlying drivers of efficient photosynthetic carbon fixation in M800. M800 had stronger antioxidant capacity in sufficient high-carbon environment, alleviating lipid peroxidation damage. After adding 1 mM PEG, biomass dry weight of M800 reached 2.31 g/L, which was 79.1 % higher than that of wild strain. Cell proliferation of M800 was promoted, the apoptosis and necrosis rates decreased.
研究领域:
植物学
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环境科学
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生物技术
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2023
·
IF 8.2
Xiaozhou Huang,Yuxi Wen,Yihan Chen,Yuanyuan Liu,Chao Zhao
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, is a disorder of the endocrine metabolic system which has emerged as a common chronic disease worldwide. Euglena gracilis polysaccharides have ideal development potential in the treatment of diabetes. However, their structure and bioactivity are largely unclear. A novel purified water-soluble polysaccharide (EGP-2A-2A) from E. gracilis with a molecular weight of 130.8 kDa consisted of xylose, rhamnose, galactose, fucose, glucose, arabinose, and glucosamine hydrochloride. The SEM image for EGP-2A-2A suggested a rough surface with the presence of globule-like protrusions. Methylation and NMR spectral analyses revealed that EGP-2A-2A was mainly composed of →6)-β-D-Gal p -(1 → 2)-α-D-Glc p -(1 → 2)-α-L-Rha p -(1 → 3)-α-L-Ara f -(1 → 6)-β-D-Gal p -(1 → 3)-α-D-Ara f -(1 → 3)-α-L-Rha p -(1 → 4)-β-D-Xyl p -(1 → 6)-β-D-Gal p -(1 → with complex branching structure. EGP-2A-2A significantly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in IR-HeoG2 cells and modulates glucose metabolism disorders by regulating PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4 signaling pathways. EGP-2A-2A significantly suppressed TC, TG, and LDL-c levels, and enhanced that of HDL-c. EGP-2A-2A ameliorated abnormalities caused by disorders of glucose metabolism and the hypoglycemic activity of EGP-2A-2A may be mainly positively related to its high glucose content and the β-configuration in the main chain. These results suggested that EGP-2A-2A played an important role in alleviating disorders of glucose metabolism through insulin resistance and has the potential for development as a novel functional food with nutritional and health benefits.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2022
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IF 8.943
Tengda Ding,Liyan Wei,Zhangming Hou,Shiqi Lin,Juying Li
Although the toxicity of triclosan (TCS) and galaxolide (HHCB) in freshwater has been reported, little study is shed light on their molecular toxicity mechanism and the regulation of humic acid (HA). In this work, freshwater algae E. gracilis was selected to explore these processes, and the molecular toxicity mechanism was analyzed by metabolomics. TCS was more toxic to E. gracilis than HHCB at 1 d exposure with the EC 50 value of 0.76 mg L −1 , but HHCB showed a higher toxicity as the exposure time prolonged. HA could alleviate the toxicity of TCS and HHCB, mainly due to the inhibition of TCS uptake and oxidative stress , respectively. The perturbations on a number of antioxidant defense-related metabolites in response to TCS or HHCB also indicated oxidative stress was a main toxicity mechanism. However, the exposure to HHCB resulted in more pronounced perturbations in the purine metabolism than TCS, implying that HHCB may pose a genetic toxicity on algae. It may explain the higher toxicity of HHCB to algae as the exposure time increased. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding on the ecological risks of TCS or HHCB in natural waters.
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Toxics
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·414
·
IF 4.6
Ting Lu,Tong Zhang,Weishu Yang,Bin Yang,Jing Cao,Yang Yang,Mei Li
Triclosan (TCS), a commonly used antibacterial preservative, has been demonstrated to have high toxicological potential and adversely affects the water bodies. Since algae are one of the most significant primary producers on the planet, understanding the toxicological processes of TCS is critical for determining its risk in aquatic ecosystems and managing the water environment. The physiological and transcriptome changes inEuglena graciliswere studied in this study after 7 days of TCS treatment. A distinct inhibition ratio for the photosynthetic pigment content inE. graciliswas observed from 2.64% to 37.42% at 0.3–1.2 mg/L, with TCS inhibiting photosynthesis and growth of the algae by up to 38.62%. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase significantly changed after exposure to TCS, compared to the control, indicating that the cellular antioxidant defense responses were induced. Based on transcriptomics, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in biological processes involved in metabolism pathways and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. Integrating transcriptomics and biochemical indicators found that changed reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities stimulating algal cell damage and the inhibition of metabolic pathways controlled by the down-regulation of differentially expressed genes were the main toxic mechanisms of TCS exposure toE. gracilis. These findings establish the groundwork for future research into the molecular toxicity to microalgae induced by aquatic pollutants, as well as provide fundamental data and recommendations for TCS ecological risk assessment.Keywords:triclosan;Euglena gracilis;oxidative stress;photosynthetic pigment;molecular toxicity
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ACS Food Science & Technology
·
2026
·
IF 3
Kexin Han,Yuying Wang,Xiaohe Ren,Hexin Lv
A green oxidative-gelation strategy was developed to transform water-insoluble paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) from Euglena gracilis into an off-white hydrogel (EPG) without cross-linkers. Alkaline dissolution, acid-neutralization, and mild H2O2 oxidation (8%, v/v, 5 h) disrupted crystallinity and reduced molecular weight while preserving the β-1,3-glycosidic backbone and triple-helix conformation. Systematic optimization based on dry weight recovery, viscosity, and SEM morphology identified 5 h as the optimal oxidation time. EPG exhibited superior antioxidant capacity compared to native paramylon, scavenging 88.1% of DPPH and 98.0% of ABTS radicals at 2.5 mg·mL–1. Oral administration in mice confirmed the safety and efficacy of EPG in enhancing hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD increased by 165%, MDA decreased by 52.6%). This solvent-free approach provides a scalable route for producing clean-label, high-performance polysaccharide hydrogels suitable for food and biomedical applications.
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Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts
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2021
·
IF 4.401
Sunah Kim,Dohyun Lim,Donghyun Lee,Jaecheul Yu,Taeho Lee
To achieve economic and efficient production of value-added materials from mixotrophic Euglena gracilis cultivation, utilizing a cost-effective substrate and optimizing the bioprocess factors are critical. In this study, the industrial byproduct corn steep liquor (CSL) was applied to the feasibility of its use and compared with a synthetic medium. The effects of precultivation trophic mode and light-dark (LD) cycle on cell growth, biomass, CO 2 biofixation, and paramylon production were investigated. The use of CSL enhanced both cell growth and biomass production by 1.5-fold. Biomass production using CSL was the highest in the photoautotrophically precultivated culture (3.69 g/L), while the highest paramylon content was observed in the heterotrophically precultivated culture (42.0%). Efficient paramylon production using CSL was accomplished by heterotrophic precultivation and applying the LD8:16 conditions. The highest CO 2 biofixation rate of E. gracilis was shown in the heterotrophically precultivated culture using CSL under LD16:8 (1.07 g/L/d). CO 2 biofixation rates using CSL were 2.8–6.4 fold higher than those using the synthetic medium. The valorization of the CSL promoted not only the bioconversion of CO 2 but also the production of value-added materials by E. gracilis.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
·
IF 5.4
Yuxuan Liu,Ruofeng Yang,Hao Xu,Zongyi Li,Yan Wei,Ziwei Liang,Weimo Han,Di Huang
The clinical translation of small-diameter artificial blood vessels (inner diameter 6 mm) remains severely impeded by acute thrombosis and deficient endothelialization. To address these bottlenecks, this study leverages the superior bioactivity of carboxylated Euglena gracilis polysaccharide (CEGP) to modify conventional polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) vascular scaffolds, aiming to simultaneously enhance their mechanical integrity, hemocompatibility, and endothelialization-promoting capability. Here, a hierarchical network-structured CEGP/PVA/SA composite artificial blood vessel was fabricated via coaxial extrusion 3D printing coupled with a dual-crosslinking strategy (ionic crosslinking and repetitive freeze-thaw cycles). The incorporation of CEGP significantly optimized the hydrogel's printability and structural robustness. Specifically, the elastic modulus of the 1CEGP/PVA/SA group reached 2.03 ± 0.11 MPa, markedly surpassing the pristine PVA/SA control (1.22 ± 0.07 MPa), while achieving a robust clinical-grade burst pressure of 264.5 ± 7.17 mmHg (P < 0.05). Due to the synergistic effects of a highly hydrophilic surface and a negative charge barrier, the composite graft effectively restricted platelet adhesion, with the adherence density plunging from nearly 260,000 to approximately 110,000 platelets/mm². Furthermore, in vitro CCK-8 and scratch assays confirmed that the CEGP matrix profoundly accelerated the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), maintaining cell viability above 80% at day 5 and achieving complete scratch closure within 2 days. Collectively, the engineered CEGP/PVA/SA composite vessel establishes an exceptional paradigm for small-diameter vascular reconstruction by balancing biomimetic mechanical stability with active endothelialization induction. Download: Download high-res image (159KB) Download: Download full-size image
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