PHYTOPATHOLOGY
·
2014
·Vol. 104
·期 10
·
IF 2.746
Amara R. Dunn,Stephen R. Bruening,Niklaus J. Grünwald,Christine D. Smart
Populations of the vegetable pathogen Phytophthora capsici are often highly diverse, with limited gene flow between fields. To investigate the structure of a newly established, experimental population, an uninfested research field was inoculated with two single-zoospore isolates of P. capsici in September 2008. From 2009 through 2012, ≈50 isolates of P. capsici were collected from the field each year and genotyped using five microsatellite loci. The same two isolates were also crossed in the lab. High levels of diversity were detected in the research field, with 26 to 37 unique multilocus genotypes detected each year. Through 2012, genotypic diversity did not decline and no evidence of genetic drift was observed. However, during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons, four new alleles not present in either parental isolate were observed in the field. Selfing (but not apomixis) was observed at low frequency among in vitro progeny. In addition, evidence for loss of heterozygosity was observed in half of the in vitro progeny. These results suggest that recombination, mutation, and loss of heterozygosity can affect the genetic structure observed in P. capsici populations.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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遗传学
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DOI
高影响因子
PLANT DISEASE
·
2021
·Vol. 105
·期 6
·
IF 4.438
Bi Wang,Pirui Li,Shu Xu,Lanying Liu,Yannan Xu,Xu Feng,Xingzeng Zhao,Yu Chen
Esculetin is an important plant-derived natural product that has multiple bioactivities and applications. Phytophthora capsici is a notorious plant pathogen capable of infecting a broad range of hosts. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of esculetin against P. capsici . The baseline sensitivity of P. capsici to esculetin was established using 108 isolates collected from various geographical regions in the Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces of China. The median effective concentration (EC 50 ) values for esculetin ranged from 2.08 to 16.46 μg/ml (mean, 6.87 ± 2.70 μg/ml) and were normally distributed. Furthermore, both zoospore production and germination were strongly inhibited by esculetin. Importantly, esculetin exhibited protective as well as curative activities against P. capsici on tomato and was capable of restricting the early infection of P. capsici on Nicotiana benthamiana . We found that the esculetin treatment led to cell membrane damage of P. capsici , as revealed by morphological observations and measurements of relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA). Finally, our results also suggested that esculetin may adversely affect P. capsici by inhibiting its DNA and protein synthesis. These findings will contribute to the broader evaluation of the use of esculetin to control diseases caused by P. capsici and toward a better understanding of its mode of action as a potential fungicide.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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天然产物化学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2021
·
IF 5.645
Bi Wang,Pirui Li,Jingjing Yang,Xuhong Yong,Min Yin,Yu Chen,Xu Feng,Qizhi Wang
Phytophthora capsici is a notorious pathogen capable of infecting various host plants and causing serious threats to agriculture worldwide. Tetradium glabrifolium fruit essential oil (TFO) is widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine treatment, but its antimicrobial activity is unknown. In this study, we first investigated the inhibitory efficacy of TFO against P. capsici and found TFO strongly inhibited the development of phytophthora blight on pepper by in vivo inoculation assay. Second, we found TFO could significantly suppress vegetative and reproductive growth of P. capsici in vitro . Microscope observations indicated that TFO destroyed the mycelial morphology and cellular ultrastructure of P. capsici. Additionally, TFO could damage the cell membrane integrity of the pathogen, leading to cellular leakages of intercellular contents of P. capsici . Third, TFO could enhance the activities of defence-related enzymes in pepper fruits during pathogen infection. Finally, we identified the chemical composition of TFO by GC-MS analysis and demonstrated three abundant components ( D -limonene, β -elemene, and 2-tridecanone) contributed to the antifungal activity of TFO. Together, out results revealed that TFO had outstanding inhibitory efficacy against P. capsici , and uncovered its potential antifungal mechanism. This study would propose the application of TFO as an efficient alternative approach for controlling phytophthora blight.
研究领域:
植物学
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植物病理学
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农业科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2019
·Vol. 24
·期 23
·4300
·
IF 3.06
Fu-Jia Chen,Xiao-Hua Long,En-Zhong Li
Phytophthora capsiciLeonian causes destructive economical losses in pepper production, and a promising source of natural fungicides-Helianthus tuberosusleaves was reported. The antifungal activities of different extracts and compounds fromH. tuberosusleaves against the phytopathogen,P. capsiciLeonian, were examined by chemometric analysis, including HPLC-MS/MS and multivariate data analyses. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis were applied to examine the four groups ofH. tuberosusleaves samples, including crude extracts obtained by different methods, including refluxing, macerating, and refluxing under vacuum; four fractions, namely, petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EA), and n-butanol (NB) fractions; the samples of threeH. tuberosuscultivars; and the samples at three growth stages of cultivar Nan Yu. The phenolics contents were categorized based on 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DiCQA), 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-DiCQA), 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), and 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DiCQA), which were predominant in all the samples. Antifungal activity assay revealed that Chl and NB fractions were more active againstP. capsiciLeonian with lower IC50(half of maximal inhibitory concentration) values, whereas partial least squares-discriminate analysis suggested caffeoylquinic acid isomer(4-CQA), methyl-quercetin glycoside(MQG), and caffeic acid(CA) might be the main active components inH. tuberosusleaves againstP. capsiciLeonian. Furthermore, microscopic evaluation demonstrated structural deformities inP. capsiciLeonian treated with Chl and NB fractions, indicating the antifungal effects ofH. tuberosusleaves. These results imply thatH. tuberosusleaves with a high concentration of phenolics might be a promising source of natural fungicides.Keywords:Helianthus tuberosus;antifungal activity;phenolic acids;chemometric analysis;PLS-DA
研究领域:
植物科学
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植物化学
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真菌生物学
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分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Jingjing Yang,Hai Zhu,Wenhao Liang,Xingzeng Zhao,Min Yin,Xu Feng,Bi Wang
Phytophthora capsici is an infamously soil-borne pathogen that poses a serious threat to agricultural production. Curcumol is a natural plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone, whose antimicrobial effect against plant pathogens remains unclear. In this study, curcumol exhibited pronounced antifungal activity against a diverse range of plant pathogens, particularly against plant pathogenic oomycetes, which including P. capsici , Phytophthora infestans , Phytophthora parasitica , and Phytophthora sojae . The median effective concentration values of curcumol against P. capsici for spore germination and mycelial growth were 4.75 and 2.11 μg mL −1 , respectively. After treatment with curcumol, mycelia of P. capsici exhibited morphological and ultrastructual defects, which included swelling, hyperbranching, dissolution of plasma membrane, and loss of organelles. In addition, curcumol effectively inhibited the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a primary component of cell membrane, by downregulating the expression levels of genes participated in PC synthesis such as Phospholipid N-methyltransferase and Cholinephosphotransferase . This inhibition decreased the accumulation of PC and phospholipids within the cell, thereby increasing the cell membrane permeability and damaging its integrity. In the in vivo antifungal tests, curcumol reduced the disease incidence of P. capsici on tomato leaves as well as pepper seedlings. The systemicity tests further validated the strong phloem and xylem mobility of curcumol in both upward and downward directions. Taken together, these results indicated that curcumol could effectively combat diseases caused by P. capsici and had the potential for development into a novel fungicide for P. capsici management.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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真菌学
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农业科学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
·
2022
·Vol. 19
·期 9
·e202200580
·
IF 2.745
Zhiping Che,Yibo Liu,Luyao Chen,Puhou Xing,Xiangdong Li,Xiaobo Huang,Shengming Liu,Genqiang Chen,Xiaomin Lin,Yuee Tian
In order to explore novel natural product-based anti-oomycete and nematicidal agents, sixteen unreported 2-sulfonyloxyhinokitiol derivatives were prepared using the principle of active splicing, and structurally confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and melting point. Moreover, we evaluated the title compounds as anti-oomycete and nematicidal agents against two serious agricultural pests of Phytophthora capsici and Meloidogyne incongnita . Among the sixteen hinokitiol esters tested: (1) Compounds 3a and 3m exhibited the most potent anti-oomycete activity compared to zoxamide against P. capsici , and the median effective concentration (EC 50 ) values of 3a , 3m , and zoxamide were 18.64, 21.11, and 23.15 mg/L, respectively; Further studies showed that the existence of seven membered ring and carbonyl group was the necessary condition for the high anti-oomycete activity of hinokitiol. (2) Compounds 3n and 3p exhibited more promising nematicidal activity than hinokitiol, and the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) values of 3n , 3p and 1 against M. incongnita were 0.2111, 0.2079, and 0.3933 mg/L, respectively. This result will pave the way for further modification of hinokitiol to develop potential new fungicides and nematicides. Graphical
研究领域:
植物化学
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农药科学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
·
2022
·Vol. 19
·期 4
·e202101039
·
IF 2.745
Zhiping Che,Yuanhao Li,Xiaolong Guo,Jiaxuan He,Song Zhang,Lina Zhu,Yibo Liu,Ruxue Wei,Yingjun Yang,Xiaobo Huang,Shengming Liu,Genqiang Chen,Yuee Tian
In order to discover highly active fungicides, sixteen novel sulfonate derivatives of Fenjuntong were synthesized by structural modification of 2′-hydroxybutyrophenone, and their anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora capsici Leonian was determined in this study. Among all tested compounds, compound 3b displayed more significant anti-oomycete activity than the precursor Fenjuntong against P. capsici , and the EC 50 values of 3b and Fenjuntong were 84.50 and 517.25 mg/L, respectively. By comparing the anti-oomycete activity of compounds 3a – p , I-a – p , and II-a – p , the following conclusions were drawn: (1) Hydroxy group is well tolerated, and sulfonylation of hydroxy group enhances its anti-oomycete activity. (2) The proper length of the ketone carbonyl chain is very important for their anti-oomycete activity. (3) The presence of a site methoxy group in the structural skeleton is closely related to the anti-oomycete activity. These important results will pave the way for further modification of Fenjuntong to develop potential new fungicides. Graphical
研究领域:
农药化学
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植物病理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PLoS One
·
2013
·Vol. 8
·期 10
·e76264
·
IF 3.73
Liangbin Hu,Dede Wang,Li Liu,Jian Chen,Yanfeng Xue,Zhiqi Shi
As a destructive fungus-like plant pathogen, the oomycete Phytophthora capsici is unable to synthesize its own ergosterol as the potential target of fungicide cinnamaldehyde (CA). In this study, CA exerted efficient inhibitory effects on both mycelial growth (EC50=0.75 mM) and zoospore germination (MIC=0.4 mM) of P . capsici . CA-induced immediate Ca 2+ efflux from zoospores could be confirmed by the rapid decrease in intracellular Ca 2+ content determined by using Fluo-3 AM and the increase in extracellular Ca 2+ concentration determined by using ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). Blocking Ca 2+ influx with ruthenium red and verapamil led to a higher level of CA-induced Ca 2+ efflux, suggesting the simultaneous occurrence of Ca 2+ influx along with the Ca 2+ efflux under CA exposure. Further results showed that EGTA-induced decrease in intracellular Ca 2+ gave rise to the impaired vitality of P . capsici while the addition of exogenous Ca 2+ could suppress the growth inhibitory effect of CA. These results suggested that Ca 2+ efflux played an important role in CA-induced growth inhibition of P . capsici . The application of 3-phenyl-1-propanal, a CA analog without α,β- unsaturated bond, resulted in a marked Ca 2+ influx in zoospores but did not show any growth inhibitory effects. In addition, exogenous cysteine, an antagonist against the Michael addition (the nucleophilic addition of a carbanion or another nucleophile) between CA and its targets, could attenuate CA-induced growth inhibition of P . capsici by suppressing Ca 2+ efflux. Our results suggest that CA inhibits the growth of P . capsici by stimulating a transient Ca 2+ efflux via Michael addition, which provides important new insights into the antimicrobial action of CA.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
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农药科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Yibo Liu,Yuee Tian,Hong Peng,Fulong Zhang,Xiaobo Huang,Genqiang Chen,Lin Zhou,Zhiping Che
Paeonol is the main active ingredient in the Chinese medicinal herb peony root bark. To discover biorational natural product-based fungicides, 25 paeonol derivatives (5a–y) containing a pyrazole ring were designed and synthesized by ingeniously introducing a pyrazole five-membered heterocyclic ring, and their structures were well characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS), and m.p. The stereochemical configurations of six target compounds, 5c, 5f, 5g, 5o, 5s, and 5v, were unambiguously subjected to single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, we evaluated the bioactivities of these target compounds as anti-oomycete and antifungal agents against two serious agricultural diseases, Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium graminearum. Among all tested compounds, (1) nine compounds 5b–d, 5f, 5g, 5r, 5s, 5u, 5w displayed promising anti-oomycete against P. capsici, with EC50 values ranging from 22.1 to 34.5 mg/L, and the protective effect of the target compounds against P. capsici in vivo further confirmed the above results. (2) Six compounds 5g, 5k, 5m, 5t, 5w, 5x displayed promising antifungal against F. graminearum, with EC50 values ranging from 38.2 to 86.0 mg/L. Moreover, some interesting results of structure–activity relationships were also observed. The results of this study pave the way for further design, synthesis, and development of paeonol derivatives as potential botanical anti-oomycete and antifungal agents in crop protection.
研究领域:
植物化学
·
农药科学
·
药物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING
·
2024
·Vol. 27
·期 19
·2816-2823
·
IF 1.6
Fei Hai,Ruxue Wei,Yan Li,Ruiguang Wang,Yuee Tian,Shengming Liu,Genqiang Chen,Zhiping Che
Background Developing high-efficiency and low-risk small-molecule green fungicide is the key to effective control of the plant pathogenic oomycetes. Indole is an important raw material for drug synthesis. Due to its unique structural skeleton, indole, and its derivatives have exhibited a wide range of biological activities. However, a study on the synthesis of novel indole derivatives as fungicidal agents against Phytophthora capsici has not yet been reported. Methods The important intermediates 2a-c and 3a-c were synthesized in high yields by Vilsmeier-Haack and Knoevenagel reactions with indole as the lead compound. Furthermore, different substituted benzenesulfonyl groups were introduced into the NH position of the indole ring, and twelve indole derivatives (I-a-l) were prepared. Their structures were well characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS, and melting point. Results The results showed that 2-[(N-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-indole-3)-methylene]-diethyl malonate (I-d) and 2-[(N-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-5-cyanoindole-3)-methylene]-diethyl malonate (I-l) showed more anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici than the commercialized fungicide zoxamide, with corresponding EC50 values of 26.53, 23.48 and 28.16 mg/L, respectively, and the protective effect of the compounds against P. capsici in vivo further confirmed the above results. Conclusion The preliminary structure-activity relationship showed that the formyl group modification at the C-3 position of the indole ring was acceptable, and the different anti-oomycete activities of R1 and R2 were significantly different, with R1 being 5-CN > H > 6-Me, and R2 being 4-NO2 > 3-NO2, H > 4-Me.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
有机化学
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药物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Wenhao Liang,Xiaoxiao Xu,Tong Shi,Shengyang Xu,Qizhi Wang,Bi Wang
BACKGROUND Phytophthora capsici is a devastating oomycete pathogen with major economic concern. However, the use of traditional chemical fungicides is associated with environmental pollution, and fungicide resistance is increasingly prevalent. Consequently, developing safe, effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives is critically required. Evodiamine (EVO), a bioactive alkaloid from plants, has been extensively investigated for its anti-cancer properties. However, its inhibitory effects against phytopathogens have not yet been fully elucidated. This study evaluated EVO's antimicrobial activity toward P. capsici and its potential mode of action. RESULTS EVO significantly inhibited P. capsici mycelial growth and spore germination, with median effective concentration (EC 50 ) values of 6.48 μg mL −1 and 7.13 μg mL −1 respectively, across 108 P. capsici isolates. EVO exerted its antimicrobial effects by disrupting the cellular integrity of P. capsici , specifically targeting both the cell membrane and wall. Furthermore, EVO exhibited strong protective and curative efficacies in pepper leaves and seedlings. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis revealed that EVO treatment significantly altered the gene expression profile of P. capsici , especially affecting genes relevant to cell membrane integrity and transporter activity. CONCLUSION Overall, this study revealed that EVO showed great control efficacy against P. capsici and held promise as a novel botanical fungicide. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
农业微生物学
·
分子植物-病原互作
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天然产物药理学
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农药学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 2.87
Bi Wang,Fei Liu,Qi Li,Shu Xu,Xingzeng Zhao,Peilin Xue,Xu Feng
Phytophthora capsici is a plant oomycete pathogen, which causes many devastating diseases on a broad range of hosts. Zedoary turmeric oil (ZTO) is a kind of natural plant essential oil that has been widely used in pharmaceutical applications . However, the antifungal activity of ZTO against phytopathogens remains unknown. In this study, we found ZTO could inhibit P. capsici growth and development in vitro and in detached cucumber and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Besides, ZTO treatment resulted in severe damage to the cell membrane of P. capsici , leading to the leakage of intracellular contents. ZTO also induced a significant increase in relative conductivity, malondialdehyde concentration and glycerol content. Furthermore, we identified 50 volatile organic compounds from ZTO, and uncovered Curcumol, β-elemene, curdione and curcumenol with strong inhibitory activities against mycelial growth of P. capsici . Overall, our results not only shed new light on the antifungal mechanism of ZTO, but also imply a promising alternative for the control of phytophthora blight caused by P. capsici .
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
植物化学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）