Xiong Yang,Qian Zhang,Ning Yang,Muxi Chang,Yaoyao Ge,Huirong Zhou,Guolei Li
Quercus variabilis and Quercus aliena are two native tree species in China, which have similar habitats, and their regeneration mainly depends on acorn dispersal. This study analyzed the contents of water, soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein , and total phenolics in acorns and cupules during the whole development process to explore the difference between species. Thereinto, starch and total phenol occupied the dominant roles as their high contents. The acorn starch contents increased sharply during development in both species, but the contents in Q . variabilis were almost twice those of Q . aliena when mature. Similarly, high expression levels of starch synthase , soluble starch synthase 2 ( SSS2 ) were also found in the acorns of Q . variabilis . The total phenol contents in Q . variabilis acorns were high at the early stages, and decreased sharply to similar contents in Q . aliena when mature. Additionally, the cupules in Q . variabilis had high contents of total phenols during the whole development period. Similar trends were also found in the expression patterns of UGT84A13 and SDH . The high total phenols in acorns and cupules of Q . variabilis probably protect the acorns from Mechoris ursulus , as only Q . aliena suffered a severe pest infestation in the early development stages. This study not only clarifies the interspecific difference between storage and defense substances during the development process in acorns and cupules, but also deepens understanding the specialized mechanisms of plant–pest/animal interactions in Quercus .
Zhenkai Tong,Hao Zhou,Zhiwen Qi,Jianxin Jiang,Wenjun Li,Chengzhang Wang
The genusQuercusis widely distributed globally and serves as a potential source of phenolic compounds, which are renowned for their potent biological activities. The primary objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of metabolite components and evaluate the relative antioxidant activities of valonea (acorn cups) fromQuercus variabilis(Q. variabilis) of different geographic origins using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach. A total of 791 metabolite components were identified, with significant variations in their concentrations observed among samples from different geographic locations. Among these, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose was identified as a key active compound. The biosynthesis of galloyl sugars, galactose metabolism, and pathways for starch and sucrose metabolism represent the three pathways that correspond to the differential metabolites, encompassing 23, 11, and 7 metabolites, respectively. The variations in the antioxidant effectiveness of valonea could mainly be linked to the synthesis of galloyl sugars. These findings improve our knowledge of the composition of valonea and offer valuable resources for its extensive utilization and focused development.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）