CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Chunkai Huang,Zhiquan Xiang,Jincan Huang,Guangbing Liu,Xuemin Yu,Weijing Liu,Haijin Cao
Significant amounts of Sb(III) and Sb(V) are present in printing and dyeing wastewater (PDW), which leads to the detrimental effects on the environment if not treated properly. In this paper, the adsorptive removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V) by TiCl 4 derived flocs and the oxidation process were investigated. The results showed that TiCl 4 conducted superior coagulation performance on Sb(III) removal than Sb(V) in terms of dosage, pH range and immunity to interference. When the dosage was 50 mg/L and the final pH was 5.0, the concentration of Sb(III) and Sb(V) was reduced from 2000 μg/L to 100 μg/L and 180 μg/L, respectively. According to the Langmuir model, The adsorption for Sb(III) (74.27 mg/g) by TiCl 4 derived flocs was higher than Sb(V) (68.45 mg/g). The Sb(III) in the solution could partially inhibit the adsorption of Sb(V). It was also observed that the Sb(III) was oxidized to Sb(V), which was owing to the molecular oxygen during the coagulation and the flocs might act as catalyst. The actual printing and dyeing wastewater treatment experiments results showed that pre-reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(Ⅲ) could considerably improve the total Sb removal from 83 % to 98.8 %. The characterization results, such as zeta potential and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicated that the Sb(Ⅲ) removal was mainly achieved by chemisorption. The Sb(V) removal was mainly dependent on chemisorption and electrostatic adsorption, while the latter contributed more than former. The results of DFT calculations explained the reason for higher removal efficiencies of Sb(III) than Sb(V) in the TiCl 4 coagulation system. This study provides a new idea for the efficient removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V) using TiCl 4 in PDW to save the cost in engineering practice.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Membranes
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 11
·233
·
IF 3.3
Wenjing Zhang,Jiangzhou Luo,Honglei Ling,Lei Huang,Song Xue
In the pursuit of developing advanced nanofiltration membranes with high permeation flux for organic solvents, a TiO 2 nanofilm was synthesized via a vapor–liquid interfacial reaction on a flat-sheet α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic support. This process involves the reaction of glycerol, an organic precursor with a structure featuring 1,2-diol and 1,3-diol groups, with TiCl 4 vapor to form organometallic hybrid films. Subsequent calcination in air at 250 °C transforms these hybrid films into carbon-doped titanium oxide nanofilms. The unique structure of glycerol plays a crucial role in determining the properties of the resulting nanopores, which exhibit high solvent permeance and effective solute rejection. The synthesized carbon-doped TiO 2 nanofiltration membranes demonstrated impressive performance, achieving a pure methanol permeability as high as 90.9 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 . Moreover, these membranes exhibited a rejection rate of 93.2% for Congo Red in a methanol solution, underscoring their efficacy in separating solutes from solvents. The rigidity of the nanopores within these nanofilms, when supported on ceramic materials, confers high chemical stability even in the presence of polar solvents. This robustness makes the carbon-doped TiO 2 nanofilms suitable for applications in the purification and recovery of organic solvents.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Carbon Letters
·
2022
·Vol. 32
·期 3
·893-905
·
IF 3.117
Yang Shuyi,Xing Zhenqiang,E Tao,Liu Lin,Qian Jianhua
Organic reagent is considered as one of the most promising reductants for deeply removing vanadium (V) trichloride oxide (VOCl 3 ) from crude titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ). Nevertheless, indeterminate active component and unclearly removal mechanisms appear to be the obstacles to separate VOCl 3 from TiCl 4 using organic reagent. Herein we conduct the experiment to explore it. Firstly, the organic reagents are obtained from enterprise (noted as EOR 1 –EOR 7 ), and then it is determined that carbon aromatic (C A ) is the active component for removing VOCl 3 . Furthermore, modified organic reagents (noted as MOR 1 –MOR 4 ) are prepared via adding aromatic hydrocarbon oil and stearic acid to EOR 7 , then indicating that MOR 3 is endowed with the best capacity to remove VOCl 3 . In addition, the residues obtained from distillation experiment are comprehensively analyzed (using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) etc.), revealing that porous amorphous carbon that deriving from MOR, plays an excellent role in removing VOCl 3 from TiCl 4 system. Therefore, the removal mechanisms can be explained like that porous amorphous carbon reduces VOCl 3 into insoluble vanadium (III) chloride (VCl 3 ) and vanadium (IV) oxide dichloride (VOCl 2 ), and then they are separated via adsorption process, with the help of porous amorphous carbon.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Micro & Nano Letters
·
2021
·Vol. 16
·期 3
·232-238
·
IF 1.102
Altan Bolag,Qiaoling Wang,Linan Liu,Tumenkhuslen Jamiyansuren,Ugtakhbayar Tumurpurev,Norovsambuu Tuvjargal,Tana Bao,Jun Ning,Hexig Alata,Ojiyed Tegus
An effective and efficient photovoltaic performance is significantly affected by the interface between different constituents of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). A novel dual post treatment of TiCl 4 and urea solutions on different layers of TiO 2 electrode is addressed and the TiO 2 particle morphology, dye-adsorption amount on the TiO 2 electrode and the photovoltaic performance of the DSSC based on those electrodes are characterised in this work. TiCl 4 treatment can form more binding site on TiO 2 particles and urea treatment structures a thin layer of g-C 3 N 4 on the surface of TiO 2 particles. This strategy can not only effectively increase the dye-adsorption for light-harvesting, but also facilitate the electron transfer through inhibiting the charge recombination between TiO 2 and electrolyte, and moreover, it provides excess electrons for the photoanodes. The DSSC fabricated from TiO 2 electrode processed with urea treatment on the sixth layer exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 8.94% with a short current density J sc of 24.09 mA cm –2 , an open circuit voltage V oc of 583 mV and a fill factor of 63.8.
研究领域:
材料科学
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可再生能源
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太阳能电池
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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2018
·
IF 4.484
Jing Ma,Jingjing Chang,Zhenhua Lin,Xing Guo,Long Zhou,Ziye Liu,He Xi,Dazheng Chen,Chunfu Zhang,Yue Hao
With the fast development of the perovskite solar cell, its energy conversion efficiency has improved rapidly. In this paper, a CH3NH3PbI3–xClx organic–inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) was successfully prepared by the one-step solvent engineering method, and the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell was optimized by interface engineering of the cathode interlayers. It was found that TiCl4 treatment could effectively reduce the TiO2 surface roughness, decrease the surface defects, improve the perovskite thin film crystallinity, and reduce the charge carrier recombination; hence, the short-circuit current density of PSCs and charge extraction and collection efficiencies were enhanced. Furthermore, PC60BM fullerene treatment could optimize the contact condition and reduce the interfacial potential loss. The device hysteresis effects after PCBM treatment were also reduced. The combination of TiCl4 and PC60BM treatments could largely improve the PSC device performance with a power conversion efficiency of 16.4% due to the synergetic effect.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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光伏技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Qingtao Niu,Aihua He,Chongdian Si,Guodong Liu,Mingxuan Xiao,Guifan Chen,Manman Jin
Four TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 Ziegler-Natta catalysts (Cat-1∼Cat-4) with titanium contents in the range of 0.038–0.578 wt% were synthesized by the chemical rout and used for isoprene polymerizations. Four catalysts had similar possessed rod-like morphologies and their surface areas gradually increased as Ti contents increased. Cat-1 with the lowest Ti content (0.038 wt%) had the highest catalytic activity (28039.6 g∙P/(g∙Ti∙h)). To our knowledge, this was the highest activity achieved for isoprene polymerization using the heterogeneous TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 Ziegler-Natta catalyst. With the increasing Ti content, the catalyst activity gradually decreased in the order of Cat-1 < Cat-2 < Cat-3 < Cat-4, whereas the trans -1,4 stereoselectivity increased. Cat-4 with the highest Ti content (0.578 wt %) gave highest trans -1,4 units (97.7 mol%). The polymers were mainly composed of fraction C, D and G. C and D had high trans -1,4 structure while G fraction had low trans -1,4 structure. The plausible stereospecific transformation models of MgCl 2 -supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst with different Ti contents were discussed.
研究领域:
催化
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高分子化学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Molecular Catalysis
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2024
·
IF 3.9
Qingtao Niu,Aihua He,Chongdian Si,Guodong Liu,Bolin Dai,Manman Jin
Two TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 type Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing ethyl benzoate (EB) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as internal electron donors (ID) were prepared for isoprene polymerizations using five kinds of external electron donors (ED) (phenyltrimethoxysilane (ED-1), dicyclopentyl(dimethoxy)silane (ED-2), 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-dimethoxypropane (ED-3), 1,3-dimethoxypropane (ED-4) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ED-5)). The structure features of TiCl 4 /ID/MgCl 2 catalysts were characterized and the effect of ID and ED on polymerization behaviors was studied. EB had higher adsorption content on catalyst surface, higher catalytic activity and lower trans -1,4 stereoselectivity than DBP . Appropriate introduction of ED-1 and ED-2, expect ED-3, ED-4 and ED-5, caused the enhancement in polymerization activity and trans -1,4 content, while excess addition led to the deactivation. The effect of ED on equilibrium between selective activation and deactivation of active species significantly relied on the electron donor type and concentration.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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催化
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2023
·
IF 7.3
Zhijin Ge,Xin'ao Li,Hui Hu,Qingming Huang,Xiaohui Chen
The pure silicon MWW were synthesized for the first time by means of a dry-gel conversion method utilizing N, N, N-trimethyl-1-adamantyl ammonium hydroxide and hexamethyleneimine as the structural directing agents. A vapor transport assisted crystallization method for obtaining complete crystallinity was developed to replace the traditional dry-gel conversion methods. TiCl 4 acid solution treatment was cleverly used for the implantation of titanium in MWW. Compared with Ti-ERB-1, the Ti content of boron- free Ti-MWW is only 20% of the former, the conversion rate of 1-hexene epoxidation is 2.3 times of the former and nearly 100% of H 2 O 2 efficiency.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2025
·Vol. 155
·期 8
·1-13
·
IF 2.4
Zhou Jing,Zhang Gongguo,Si Chongdian,Jin Manman,He Aihua,Niu Qingtao
Series of isoprene polymerizations with different polymerization time were performed by TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 type Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Polymerization kinetics showed catalytic activity had two-stage polymerization feature and the polymer chain microstructure gradually changed from the trans -1,4 and cis -1,4 mixed structure with low molecular weight ( M w ) as well as broad molecular weight distribution ( M w / M n ) at the early stage, to the final high trans -1,4 structure with high M w and narrow M w / M n . The high trans -1,4 units can enhance the tensile strength and hardness of the synthetic polyisoprenes, which are widely used for golf ball cover, medicinal material and shape memory material. Polymers were mainly isolated into Fraction C, D and G by the stepwise isothermal crystallization fractionation method. Fraction C and D had high trans -1,4 content, high trans -1,4-[II] dyad sequence concentration, high trans - trans unit linkage content and high crystallinity, which were generated by high trans -1,4 stereoselective active centers. While G fraction had low trans -1,4 content, low trans -1,4-[II] dyad sequence concentration, low trans - trans unit linkage content and low crystallinity, which were formed by the active center with low trans -1,4 stereoselectivity. The stereoselective transformation of active centers as well as trans -1,4 stereospecific polymerization mechanism of isoprene with TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 -AlEt 3 catalyst system was discussed. Graphical
研究领域:
高分子化学
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有机合成
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材料科学
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催化
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大分子化学
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物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 4.439
Bowen Zhao,Zhongquan Wan,Junsheng Luo,Fei Han,Haseeb Ashraf Malik,Chunyang Jia,Xingzhao Liu,Ruilin Wang
Sb 2 Se 3 is a potential light harvesting material for photovoltaic cells due to its excellent optical, electrical properties and eco-friendly nature. Herein, an efficient Sb 2 Se 3 sensitized solar cell (SSC) is prepared for the first time through a solution-based successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process which is flexible, low-cost and easy to access. Aiming to further improve the device performance, a novel approach based on TiCl 4 treatment on mesoporous TiO 2 is introduced, which is found to optimize the growth condition of Sb 2 Se 3 nanoparticles and improve the interfacial surface state, resulting in the better band alignment and controlled recombination losses in Sb 2 Se 3 SSCs. The TiCl 4 treated device achieves the better photoelectric conversion efficiency of 1.22%, which is much higher than that of 0.46% for the solar cell without TiCl 4 treatment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
·
纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2023
·
IF 7.3
Yu Cao,Gan Tao,Wei Li,Chuanding Dong,Jingdai Wang,Yongrong Yang
Manipulating the interplay between electron donor and catalytic species is a major approach of optimizing Ziegler-Natta catalysts. To this end, it is essential to reveal the correlation between the involved dynamic processes. In this work, a greatly enhanced mobility of the internal donor tetrahydrofuran (THF) is realized even at room temperature in the MgCl 2 substrate modified with MgCl functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-MgCl). A series of spectroscopic characterizations evidence that, thanks to the high mobility of THF, the immobilization of catalytic Ti species and the migration of THF occurs synchronously and leads to a nearly homogenous distribution of Ti sites. In addition, the incorporation of POSS-MgCl promotes the formation of 4-coordinated Mg sites in the substrate. The modified Ziegler-Natta catalyst shows the remarkable performance toward ethylene polymerization, featured by the high catalytic activity (21.6 × 10 6 g PE(mol Ti·h) −1 ) as well as a narrow polydiversity index (3.1) of the synthesized polyethylene. Based on these results, we propose that the Ti immobilization process is directly modulated by the THF migration in this system, which reduces the aggregation of TiCl 4 and enhances the formation of active species.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Particuology
·
2023
·
IF 3.5
Peiyi Yan,Ying Zhang,Shili Zheng
Hydrolysis of TiCl 4 solution is capable of preparing microscale TiO 2 particles. This research studied the synthesis of microscale spherical TiO 2 powders and the hydrolysis kinetics. The effects of the flow field generated by different agitators and baffles in the crystallizer, the initial free acid concentration, the initial equivalent TiO 2 concentration, and the temperature on the hydrolysis progress and powder morphology were systematically studied. The results show that the flow field in a crystallizer can significantly affect the morphology and particle size of the powders, and the axial flow can improve the sphericity of the powders. The increased free HCl and equivalent TiO 2 concentrations in the pregnant solution inhibit the forward hydrolysis reaction, prolong the time to reach equilibrium, and reduce the yield. An appropriate temperature matching the compositions of the pregnant solution is crucial for the powder morphology and size. Powders with sizes ranging from around 5 μm–40 μm can be tuned under controlled flow field, solution compositions, and temperature conditions. In addition, the Cheng and Wunderlich modified Avrami equation was used for the crystallization kinetic modeling. The effects of the free HCl concentration, equivalent TiO 2 concentration, and hydrolysis temperature are reflected in the reaction rate constant and active nuclei reduction index. Increasing the free HCl and equivalent TiO 2 concentrations will reduce the reaction rate constant and accelerate the deactivation of the active nuclei, thus increasing the final powder size, while increasing the temperature will lead to the opposite results.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）