The irradiation of tumors in radiotherapy requires accurate 3D dosimetry. The Fricke 3D dosimeters, which were considered to be high potential of application in 3D dosimetry, suffer from a reduced temporal integrity of dose distribution caused by Fe 3+ ions diffusion. To overcome the drawback, we firstly synthesized a kind of amphiphilic molecules with critical micelle concentration of 0.45 g/L and hydrophile-lipophile balance value of 10, then prepared multiple emulsions by self-assembling those molecules in Fricke solution under liquid paraffin, and finally obtained Fricke hydrogel embedded with the multiple emulsions. The diffusion coefficient of Fe 3+ ions in the embedded Fricke hydrogel was measured to be 0.17 mm 2 /h. The hydrogel dosimeter exhibits considerable potential for use in dose verification applications.
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide (EXT) is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes. However, this peptide has a short biological half-life and the delayed release characteristic of current formulations limit its clinical application. Herein, we prepared EXT-loaded inside-porous poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres with outside layers (EXT-PMS) using a W1/O/W2 emulsion method with a microfluidic technique and its fabrication and formulation conditions were systematically investigated. In vitro dissolution experiments showed that the PLGA concentration, proportion of drug and oil phase, and the number and size of pores strongly affected the release behaviors of EXT-PMS. In vitro, the optimized EXT-PMS with large internal pores exhibited rapid and stable release without a lag phase. In a rat model, subcutaneous administration of the product yielded plasma concentrations of EXT that was sustained for 30 days with low burst and no delayed-release effect. The preparation of inside-porous microspheres is lighting up the development of long-acting drug delivery systems for other drugs with favorable release characteristics.
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