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Information
CHIR-99021 (CT99021) HCl is hydrochloride of CHIR-99021, which is aGSK-3α/βinhibitor withIC50of 10 nM/6.7 nM; CHIR-99021 shows greater than 500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 versus its closest homologs Cdc2 and ERK2. CHIR-99021 is a potent pharmacological activators of theWnt/beta-cateninsignaling pathway. CHIR-99021 significantly rescues light-inducedautophagyand augments GR, RORα and autophagy-related proteins.
Targets
GSK-3β (Cell-free assay); GSK-3α (Cell-free assay) 6.7 nM; 10 nM
In vitro
CHIR-99021 shows greater than 500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 versus its closest homologs CDC2 and ERK2, as well as other protein kinases. Furthermore, CHIR-99021 shows only weak binding to a panel of 22 pharmacologically relevant receptors and little inhibitory activity against a panel of 23 nonkinase enzymes. CHIR-99021 induces the activation of glycogen synthase (GS) in insulin receptor-expressing CHO-IR cells with EC50 of 0.763 μM. In addition to simulating the actions of insulin, inhibition of GSK-3 by CHIR-99021 (3 μM) increases free cytosolic β-catenin by 1.9-fold, mimicking the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. During any of the first 3 days of differentiation, CHIR-99021 treatment inhibits the preadipocyte differentiation with IC50 of 0.3 μM by blocking induction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Unlike lithium chloride and AR-A014418, CHIR-99021 treatment does not reduce the viability of INS-1E cells even at high concentrations. Instead, CHIR-99021 robustly increases the rate of proliferation of INS-1E cells in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly inhibits INS-E cell death induced by high glucose and high palmitate in a concentration-dependent manner. CHIR-99021 promotes primary beta cell replication in isolated rat islets at concentrations as low as 1 μM, with 2-3 fold increase of cell replication at 5 μM of CHIR-99021 treatment.
In vivo
Oral administration of CHIR-99021 at 30 mg/kg enhances glucose metabolism in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes, with a maximal plasma glucose reduction of nearly 150 mg/dl 3-4 hours after administration, while plasma insulin remains at or below control levels. Oral administration of CHIR-99021 at 16 or 48 mg/kg 1 hour before oral glucose challenges in ZDF rats significantly improves glucose tolerance with 14% and 33% reduction in plasma glucose at 16 mg/kg and 48 mg/kg, respectively, and the higher dose of CHIR-99021 also reduces hyperglycemia before the oral glucose challenge. Administration of CHIR-99021 significantly augments hematopoietic repopulation in recipient mice transplanted with mouse or human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), suggesting that GSK-3 is a specific modulator of HSC activity.
Cell Research(from reference)
Cell lines:INS-1E
Concentrations:Dissolved in DMSO, final concentrations ~ 20 μM
Incubation Time:1, or 4 days
分类树(Taxonomy Tree)
| 界(kingdom) | 有机化合物 |
|---|---|
| 超类(Superclass) | 有机杂环化合物 |
| 类(Class) | 二嗪类 |
| 亚类(Subclass) | 嘧啶和嘧啶衍生物 |
| 中间层级节点(Intermediate Tree Nodes) | 暂无 |
| 直接上位类(Direct Parent) | 苯基嘧啶 |
| 其他上位类(Alternative Parents) | 二氯苯 3-吡啶腈 氨基嘧啶及其衍生物 氨基吡啶及其衍生物 咪唑内酰胺类 芳基氯化物 咪唑类 杂芳族化合物 腈类 氮杂环化合物 有机氯化物 盐酸盐 碳氢化合物衍生物 胺类 |
| 分子骨架(Molecular Framework) | 芳香族杂单环化合物 |
| 取代基(Substituents) | 1,3-二氯苯 - 3-吡啶甲腈 - 4-苯基嘧啶 - 氨基酸 - 氨基吡啶 - 氨基吡啶 - 芳香族杂单环化合物 - 芳基氯化物 - 芳基卤化物 - 氮杂环 - 吡唑 - 苯基化合物 - 碳腈 - 氯苯 - 氰化物 - 卤苯 - 杂芳香族化合物 - 烃衍生物 - 氟氯烃 - 咪唑 - 咪唑内酰胺 - 单环苯基基团 - 氰基化合物 - 有机硝基化合物 - 有机氯化物 - 有机卤化物 - 有机氮化合物 - 吡啶 |
| 描述(Description) | 该化合物属于苯并嘧啶类有机化合物。这类多环芳烃化合物通过碳碳键或氰基键将苯环与嘧啶环相连。嘧啶为六元环结构,由四个碳原子及位于1位和3位的两个氮原子中心构成。 |
| 外部描述符(External Descriptors) | 暂无 |
H302: 吞食有害
H315: 引起皮肤刺激
H319: 引起严重眼睛刺激
H335: 可能引起呼吸道刺激
P261: 避免吸入灰尘/烟雾/气体/雾/蒸汽/喷雾
P305+P351+P338: 如进入眼睛:用水小心冲洗几分钟。如戴隐形眼镜并可方便地取出,取出隐形眼镜。继续冲洗。