Hydroquinone, also known as 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, contains two phenolic hydroxyl groups at the para positions of the benzene ring. During the formation of arbutin, one phenolic hydroxyl group forms an O-glycosidic bond with the anomeric carbon of D-glucose, while the other phenolic hydroxyl ...
Melanin is not a color deposited on the surface of the skin. Rather, it is a natural pigment synthesized by melanocytes. It is present in the skin, hair, and eyes, where it can absorb and scatter part of ultraviolet radiation and participate in the skin’s defense against photodamage.
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