The gut microbiota can use dietary components, host secretions, and intrinsic microbial metabolic pathways to generate diverse classes of small-molecule compounds. These metabolites regulate the intestinal epithelial barrier, energy metabolism, immune-cell differentiation, and signaling in ...
Choline metabolism connects cell membrane phospholipid synthesis, methyl donor cycling, cholinergic neurotransmitter generation, hepatic lipid transport, and gut microbiota-related metabolism. Choline metabolism detection should not be limited to free choline alone. Depending on the research ...