How to Choose a Hydrogen Evolution (HER) Catalyst: Kinetic Barriers in Water Electrolysis, AWE/PEM/AEM Pathways, and a Materials-Family Roadmap (with a Product Map)
Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is essentially converting electrical energy (or photo-generated electrical energy) into chemical bond energy. Thermodynamically, under 25 °C conditions, the reversible voltage for water splitting is about 1.23 V (corresponding to ΔG° ≈ 237 kJ/mol H₂O). ...
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