Chemokines are a class of small secreted proteins that regulate directional cell migration. They primarily establish spatial signals through chemokine receptors, cell-surface glycosaminoglycans, and cell-adhesion systems, thereby guiding neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, NK cells, and other cells ...
The inflammatory response is a protective reaction initiated by the body in response to infection, tissue injury, cellular stress, or disruption of internal homeostasis. Its fundamental purpose is not simply to “produce inflammatory factors,” but to complete three sequential processes: ...
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a key enzyme system that catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine into nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline. It participates in vascular homeostasis, neural signaling, immune inflammation, and redox regulation. NOS research should not focus only on changes in NO ...
Lipids in inflammation and immune responses do not merely serve structural roles in membrane assembly and energy storage, but instead constitute a critical regulatory layer spanning the entire course of inflammatory initiation, signal amplification, immune cell differentiation, effector ...