ActRIIA and ActRIIB are important receptors for TGF-β superfamily ligands such as Myostatin/GDF8 and Activin A. Through SMAD2/3 signaling, they restrict skeletal muscle growth and participate in adipose tissue metabolism. Blocking ActRIIA/ActRIIB can increase or preserve Lean Mass while ...
The GDF (growth differentiation factor) family is an important branch of the TGF-β superfamily. Its members are widely involved in embryonic development, osteochondral formation, skeletal muscle homeostasis, reproductive regulation, metabolic stress, tissue injury repair, and remodeling of the ...