Tunability of radioluminescence in LiNbO3:Pr polycrystals via lithium-to-niobium ratio

X-ray excited radioluminescence was demonstrated in Pr-doped lithium niobate polycrystalline samples with varying lithium-to-niobium ratios (R LN ). The samples' phase structures, excitation and emission spectra , and radioluminescence were experimentally analyzed to investigate the tuning effects of R LN . Theoretical calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and thermoluminescence curves were measured to verify the predictions of the theoretical analysis. We suggest that both photoluminescence and radioluminescence properties can be effectively tailored by adjusting the crystal structure, as well as the depth and density of electron traps within the LiNbO 3 :Pr matrix through R LN modulation. This research contributes to the development and practical implementation of scintillation materials derived from rare-earth-doped lithium niobate .